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Kata kunci : Karies Gigi
The research was conducted at the State Primary School Grade 1st in theWork Area Walantaka clinic. This study aims to determine the behavior factoraffect the status of dental caries in primary school students with the cross-sectional design and the tools used to collect data in the form of a questionnaire.Research results showed that 238 (69.4%) of 343 children who suffer fromdental caries, is the most sex women 114 (74%). From this study the risk factorsfor dental caries status of students is the way children brushing their teeth (PR =2.557), frequency often consume sugary snacks (PR = 2.197), maternal work (PR= 2.051) and frequency toothbrush (PR = 1.782). Efforts to reduce the number of dental caries in children by increasingactivity UKGS program, through promotion and prevention of oral health throughoral examination regularly to schools so that they can take action to prevent andaddressthe problem of oral health on school children.
Keywords: Dental Caries.
Dental hygiene is a health problem that can affect the overall quality of life. Dental health is often considered to be a minor problem when a local impact on the tooth itself and other systemic organs. Based on data Riskesdas 2007 can be seen that the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia at the age of 12 years was 43.4% and Lebak regency highest prevalence of dental caries 43.6%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the incidence of dental caries in primary school students grades 4 -5 In District Curugbitung Lebak district of Banten which factors of gender, class, parental education, parental employment, and factors of dental health knowledge and behavior of health care teeth. This study is a descriptive study using cross-sectional design.
Keterpajanan timbal di udara ambien pada anak-anak yang berasal dari pembakaran bahan bakar kenderaan bermotor, dapat tezjadi jika terhimp senyawa timbal tersebut selama dipeljalanan dari rumah ke sekolah, Emisi tersebut merupakan basil samping pembakaran yang teljadi dalam mesin-mesin kendaraan, yang berasal dari senyawa zerramelkvl-lead dan ietraetlzyl-lead yang selalu ditambabkan dalam bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor tersebut. Dimana iimbal yang dibuang ke udara melalui asap buang kendaraan bermotor iersebut menjadi sangar tinggi, apabila terhirup dalam sistem pemafasan akan dapat meningkalkan kadariimbal dalam darah anak-anak.. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ingin rncngetahui hubungan keterpajanan timbal di udara ambien dengan kadar timbal dalam darah siswa sekolah dasar kelas empat, lima dan enam di kecamatan Cikarang. Penelitian ini mempnmyai keraugka konsep bahwa keterpajanan tirnbal di udara ambien yang diukur dengan lama dijalan sebagai variabel independen akan mempengamhi kejadian kadartimbal dalam daxah siswa sebagai variabcl dcpenden. Juga diteliti fakbor bebas lain, yang dapat mempalgaruhi variabel dependen seperti status gizi, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, pekeljaan ayah, pekeljaan ibn, riwayat batuk kronis, riwayat minurn obat casing, konsumsi susu, kebiasaan merokok dan pengeluaran orang fua. Penelitian ini menggnmakan disain Cross Sectional, dengan jumlah populasi 160 orang siswa sekolah dasar kelas empat, lima dan enam di kecamatan Cikarang. Data dalam peneiitian ini diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara pengisian kuesioner, untuk mengetahui lama dijalan dari rumah kesekolah (ekwosnre/Sfariabel independen) dan kadar timba! dalam darah diukur dengan menggunakan AAS (outcome/variabel dependen). Hasil penelitian memmjukkan bahwa 62,4% siswa yang terpajan' lebih mernpunyai kadar timbal tinggi dalam damh pada siswa sekolah dasar kelas empat, lima dan enam di kecarnatan Cikarang. Kesimpulan pcnclitian ini adalah bahwa siswa yang telpajan lebih mempnmyai resiko 9 kali utuk mempunyai kadar timbal tinggi didalam darah dengan can of point median (S.72pg/dl) setelah dikontrol dengan pendidikan ayah dan kebiasaan merokok.
Lead exposure in children is sourced automotive combustion, while inhaled lead for trams road to go to school. Emission is e.Hected combustion vehicle machines, content tetramethyl lead and tetraethyl lead always added vehicle gasoline. Lead depletion is throwaway air automotive combustion, is very high. Metal lead, if inhaled in breathing system is etfect to up blood lead level children. Purpose of the research is knowing correlation lead exposure ambient with blood Icad level elementary. school tbrth, fifth, sixth at Cikarang. This research has concept that exposure lead in ambient that’s measure time at the road as variable indepaident is effecting blood lead level schoolchild as variable dependent. Thus researcher has researched mother factor which influence variable dependent as nutrition status, ihthefs education, mother’s education, thtliefs work, mother’s work, cough chroniw, helmint’s drug milk consumption, smoking habit and parcnt’s consumption. This research use cross sectional design, with 160 population schoolchild elementary school forth, iitih, sixth at Cikarang This data is taken lbr measurement time of the road fiom the house until to school (exposurefvariable independent) and blood lead level measurement AAS (outcome/variable dependent). The summaly showed that 62,4% child more exposure has high blood lead level at schoolchild elementary school Ruth, iiiih, sixth at Cikarang. Schoolchild’s more exposure has 9 time risk ibr has blood lead level, with cut of point median (5,72 pg/dl ) aher is controlled by father’s education and smoking habit.
Kecamatan Jenamas berbatasan secara langsung dengan perairan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara dan penduduknya mempunyai kebiasaan yang sama, yaitu memakan tumbuhan air segar yang masih mentah dan menggunakan air yang berasal dari sungai, danau dan rawa untuk keperluan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan survei fasciolopsiasis tahun 1997/1998 pada kelompok anak usia sekolah di dua desa didapatkan 6,38% ; 2,74% dan lebih dari 50% murid kelas 4-6 Sekolah Dasar. Pada tahun 1998/1999 dilakukan di populasi diperoleh angka prevalensi 2,6%. Angka ini diduga akan semakin meningkat.Lingkungan secara teori merupakan faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan. Pada kejadian fasciolopsiasis ini kondisi lingkungan tidak mengalami perubahan namun bagaimana perilaku masyarakat untuk menghadapi lingkungan tersebut menjadi penting.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku hidup bersih pada anak sekolah dasar dengan kejadian fasciolopsiasis di Desa Rantau Kujang dan Rantau Bahuang Kecamatan Jenamas Kabupaten Barito Selatan tahun 2002. Populasi penelitian adalah anak sekolah dasar di desa Rantau Kujang dan Rantau Bahuang Kecamatan Jenamas dengan jumlah sampel 194 yang diambil secara Simple Random Sampling dan menggunakan desain kros seksional.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian fasciolopsiasis pada anak sekolah dasar di dua desa Kecamatan Jenamas adalah 30,9%, berperilaku buruk 49% (yaitu tidak selalu mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun sebelum makan 60,3%; tidak selalu mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun setelah BAB 35,1%; tidak selalu memotong dan membersihkan kuku 56,2%; tidak menggunakan air bersih untuk gosok gigi 52,1% pernah minum air mentah 25,3%; pernah berenang di sungai/danau/rawa 67,5%; makan tumbuhan air mentah 39,2% dan BAB di tempat yang mencemari lingkungan 63,9%).Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku hidup bersih dengan kejadian fasciolopsiasis (Odds Ratio = 3,40). Setelah faktor sumber air minum sebagai faktor konfounding dikendalikan, maka hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dengan kejadian fasciolopsiasis sebesar 3,89.Penelitian ini menyarankan agar pemberantasan kecacingan dilaksanakan sampai pada pengobatan massal selektif dilakukan intervensi perilaku anak berupa program pendidikan kesehatan, bagi Dinas Kesehatan untuk melakukan kerjasama dengan instansi terkait seperti Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan untuk melakukan upaya pemberantasan terutama pada anak sekolah yang jelas sangat merugikan. Perlu penelitian yang lebih lanjut dalam Skala yang lebih luas dengan menggunakan desain yang lebih baik antara lain kasus kontrol serta menilai komponen-komponen perilaku apa saja yang benar-benar menjadi faktor risiko kejadian fasciolopsiasis.
Kecamatan Jenamas is directly bordered through water with Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara whereas the occupant have the same habitually, that is eating uncooked fresh water plants and also using water for their daily necessity from river, lake and swamp. Based on surveyed of fasciolopsiasis on 1997/1998 among the student group of elementary school in the two villages was shown 6.38%; 2.74% and more than 50% were found among the student from class 4-6. During the year of 1998/1999 the prevalent rate was 2.6%. This rate supposes will be increased from time to time.Theoretically health is influenced by some factor like environment problem. In the fasciolopsiasis problem, the environment condition is not changed but how the behavior of local population to face of that environment is very important.The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship of hygienic behavior against the fasciolopsiasis occurrence among the elementary school student in the villages of Rantau Kujang and Rantau Bahuang, Kecamatan Jenamas, Kabupaten Barito Selatan in 2002. Research population like the student of elementary school in two villages of Rantau Kujang and Rantau Bahuang, Kecamatan Jenamas with amount of stool sample were 194 which was taken through Simple Random Sampling by using cross-sectional design.Result of this research was shown prevalent of fasciolopsiasis among the elementary school student in that two villages of Kecamatan Jenamas were 30.9%, which have bad behavior 49% (rarely to washing hands with water and soap before eat 60.3%, rarely to washing hands with water and soap after mired 35.1%, rarely of cutting and cleaning fingernail 56.2%, not using clear water for teeth brushing 52.1%, ever drink uncooked water 25.3%, ever swimming in the river/lake/swamp 67.5%, eating uncooked water plants 39.2% and mired in the place which can contaminate of area 63.9%).This research was suggest that elimination of worm disease must be done up to selective mass treatment, do intervention to children behavior such as healthy education program, for Health Service together with Cultural and Education Department for eliminating efforts in the student of elementary school. It is also needed to continue such research in the bigger scale by using another better design such as case control and to value what else behavior that really became the risk factor for fasciolopsiasis occurrence.File Digital: 1
Latar belakang - Asap rokok lingkungan merupakan faktor risiko bagi timbulnya masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan bukan hanya mengenai perokok, tetapi juga mengenai orang lain. Dari semua kelompuk umur dalam masyamkat, bayi dan anak-anak merupakan kelompok yang rentan terkena dampak kesehatan akibat pajanan asap rokok lingkangan. Pajanan asap rokok lingkungan pada anak-anak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko terkena infeksi saluran pemapasan akut dan kronis, asma, radang telinga tengah (otitis media), dan alergi. Bagi anak-anak, rumah merupakan lokasi terpenting yang berkontribusi dalam pajanan asap rokok lingkungan. Tujuan - Mengetahui hubungan kejadian otitis media dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan di rumah dan faktor kovariat lain (jenis kelamin, status gizi, tingkat pendidlkan bapak, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pengeluaran keluarga, kepadatan penghuni rumah, dan ventilasi rumah) pada anak kelas satu Sekolah Dasar (SD) Kelurahan Grogol, Jakarta Barat, tahun 2008. Metode - Penelitian observasional analitik, melalui pendekatan desain studi kasus kontrol. Populasi adalah seluruh anak kelas satu Sekolah Dasar (SD) di wilayah Kelutahan Grogol, Jakarta Barat, tahun 2008. Kasus adalah semua anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol tahun 2008 yang pada pemeriksaan telinga dengan otoskop ditemukan satu atau lebih tanda klinis berupa sekret di liang telinga, retraksi membran timpani, udem membran timpani, warna membran hiperemis atau kuning pucat, perforasi membran timpani, bayangan cairan di belakang membran timpani pada salah satu satu atau kedua telinganya. Kontrol adalah semua anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol tahun 2008 yang pada pemeriksaan telinga dengan otoskop tidak didapati tanda klinis seperti pada kelompok kasus. Hasil - Kejadian otitis media berhubungan bermakna dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan di rumah pada anak kelas satu SD Kelurahan Grogol Jakarta Barat tahuo 2008. Hasil uji regresi logistik ganda mendapatkan peningkatan resiko tiga kali lebih besar untuk menderita otitis media pada anak yang tinggal di rumah dengan pajanan asap rokok lingkungan tingg! setelah dikontrol dengan tingkat pendidikan bapak. Saran - Temuan pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi anak sekolah, orangtua, guru, masyarakat, dan pemerintah dalam upaya promotif dan preventif bahaya asap rokok lingkungan hagi anak-anak serta upay. kuratif dan rehabililatif atas dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan.
BackgrOund - Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known as one of risk factors for public health. The health problems caused by ETS affect more people than just smokers. Children are especially vulnerable to ETS exposure than others. Children's exposure to ETS is responsible for increasing risk of acute and chronic respiratory infections, asthma, otitis media, and allergy. The most important location for children's exposure to ETS is their home. Objectives - To analyze asssociation between otitis media and ETS exposure at home and other covariats (sex, nutritional status, paternal education level, maternal education level, family expenditure, house crowding, and ventilation) on 1st year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008. Method - Analytic observational study with case-control design. Population of this study are all 1st year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008. Cases are all I" year of basic school children in Grogol, West Jakarta, 2008, with sign/s of otitis media on otoscopy. Controls are all 1st year of basic school children in Gragoi, West Jakarta, 2008, without sign of otitis media on otoscopy. Result - Otitis media significantly associated with Children's exposure to ETS at home in this study area. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio for otitis media was 3 after adjustment for paternal education level. Suggestion - The findings of this study are expecred to be an important information for all student, parents, teachers, public, and government on promotive-preventive programmes of ETS exposure, and on curative-rehabilitative programmes of ETS's health effects.
Nutritional status is a measure of success in the fulfillment of child nutrition asmeasured by weight and height. The prevalency of nutritional status of children aged5-12 years in Jakarta is 14.0% underweight, 22.7% stunting, 9.9% wasting, and 6.8%fat. Specific data for South Jakarta area were underweight 7.4%, stunting 17.8%,wasting 6.3%, and grease 7.3%. Nutrition problems have an impact on child growth.Nutrition is one of the important factors that affect student achievement. The purposeof this study was to determine the effect of nutritional status on academicachievement of grade 1-3 elementary school students. The design used was cohortrestrospective by looking at the correlation between School Wide Assessment (SWA)with child nutritional status in the previous 9 months. The population in this researchis the students of 1-3 grade of elementary school in HighScope Indonesia with takingall students which amounts to 480 children as a total sampling. The results of thisstudy indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables of nutritionstatus more on Indonesian lessons RR 1.89 (95% CI 1.46-2.44), English RR 5.22(95% CI 3.23-8, 45), Mathematics RR 1.81 (95% CI 1.45-2.26) and IPA RR 1.90(95% CI 1.48-2.44). Similarly, the cumulative academic achievement of RR 6.29(95% CI 3.82-10.35). Therefore, especially the parents should be aware of theinfluence of nutritional status on academic achievement so it will be wise in choosingfood intake and the type of school or education that appropriate to the child.Key words : nutritional status; academic achievement; risk factor; cohortretrospective.
Hypertension is one contributing factor for cardiovascular disease, as the leadingcause of death globally; more people die of cardiovascular disease than for othercauses and an estimated 17.5 million deaths from cardiovascular disease in 2012(WHO, 2015). In Indonesia, according to data from Health Research (2013) forthe measurement of blood pressure directly at the age of 18 obtained the highestprevalence in Bangka Belitung ( 30.9 % ). The second highest prevalence ofhypertension for Sumatra is South Sumatra namely by 26.1 % .The purpose of thisstudy is to look at the relationship between the consumption of salted fishcontaining high NaCl with hypertension. This study used cross sectional design.The number of samples is 90 people. The analysis is univariate, bivariate, andmultivariate logistic regression method. After examination of the levels of NaCl insalted fish obtained the highest NaCl concentration in salted fish head stone with apercentage value of 21.06 % (< 20 %).The results also showed respondents whoconsume salted fish with higher natrium chloride levels had a risk of 7.696 (95%CI 1.66 to 35.49 ) had hypertension after being controlled by other variables,namely smoking, history of hypertension, physical activity, body mass index (BMI ), and age. Based on the findings of the examination results of salted fish thatcontain high levels of natrium chloride with a percentage of 21.06 % (> 20 %) onthe head stones salted fish and the higher level of salted fish consumption, theproperly step is perform collaboration between Public Health Official ofPalembang City with Medicines and the Food Control Agency Palembang(BPOM) to disseminate the information how to processing salted fish based onISO standard to the salted fish seller in this local area.Keyword : Salted fish, Hypertension, Natrium Chloride (NaCl)
