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Working at heights is a high-risk activity. Falls from heights accounted for 38% of the 105,182 work accidents in the construction sector. In 2020 and 2021, PT.X had two falls from a height. Organizational influence is the biggest contributor in both cases. This study discusses in depth the analysis of work accidents at the height that occurred at PT.X in 2020-2021 using human factors aspects. In the accident analysis, one of the theories of human factors will be used, namely the Swiss Cheese Model with derivative tools, namely Human Factors Analysis and Classification. The research method used is a case study using secondary data and interviews with PT.X. The use of human factors aspects in accidents at work will find latent conditions and active failures that can be contributing factors to accidents. Latent conditions found include lack of management awareness in enforcing safety aspects, unavailability of optimal safety support facilities, and others. While active conditions that contribute include lack of knowledge and training of workers about hazards and controls in the workplace, violation of work rules, and others. Researchers suggest PT.X make improvements to the factors that contribute to the incidence of accidents, especially at the management and organizational levels.
ABSTRAK Industri pertambangan batubara merupakan salah satu industri besar yang banyak menghasilkan devisa bagi Negara dan salah satu jenis industri yang memiliki resiko kecelakaan yang tinggi. Kecelakaan yang terjadi banyak menimbulkan kerugian baik pada manusia maupun harta benda. Kecelakaan yang terjadi disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang meliputi perilaku tidak aman (unsafe act) maupun kondisi yang tidak aman (unsafe condition), unsafe act memberikan kontribusi terbesar sebagai penyebab langsung dari terjadinya kecelakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek human error dan karatristiknya terhadap kecelakaan trailer yang terjadi di PT Adaro Indonesia Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus (case study) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan tujuan memberikan gambaran masalah human error pada kecelakaan trailer yang terjadi selama tahun 2007 di PT Adaro Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa laporan kecelakaan trailer selama tahun 2007. Data yang diperoleh dimasukan dalam dummy table dan analisis dilakukan secara univariat. Untuk melihat mengapa dan bagaimana human error muncul maka dilakukan analisa konten (content analysis). Hasil penelitian adalah terhadap seluruh data kecelakaan trailer selama tahun 2007 yang terjadi di PT Adaro Indonesia diperoleh bahwa unsafe act sebesar 81 % dan unsafe condition sebesar 19 %. Unsafe act terdiri dari human error 97.1 % dan Violations sebesar 20.6 %. Terhadap kasus human error di peroleh bahwa Skill based error 76.5%, Rule based error 14.7 % dan Knowledge based error 44.2 %. Dari masing-masing jenis error selanjutnya dibagi berdasarkan karatristiknya dan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut; Skill based error terdiri dari poor technique (38.2 %), kemudian diikuti oleh mis-ordering (29.4 %), mistiming (20.6 %), intrusion (8.8 %), dan ommision following interuption (5.9 %); untuk rule based error terdiri dari Misapplication of good rule sebesar 11.8 % dan Application of Bad rule sebesar 2.9 %. Dan untuk knowledge based error terdiri dari workspace limitations dan out of sight / out of mind (11.8 %) kemudian berturut – turut problems with causality and complexity dan confirmation bias masing-masing (8.8 %), overconvidence (5.9%) dan selectivity (2.9 %). Jika dilakukan analisis berdasarkan perusahaan kontraktor yang ada di PT Adaro Indonesia maka diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut : skill based error terjadi berturut – turut pada PAMA (29 %), SIS (24 %), RA (15 %), dan BUMA (12 %). Untuk rule based error paling banyak terjadi pada PAMA (5.9 %) dan BUMA, SIS dan RA masing - masing 2.9 %. Untuk jenis knowledge based error paling banyak terjadi pada PAMA (24 %), SIS (8.8 %), RA (5.9 %), dan BUMA (5.9 %). Dari keseluruhan hasil penelitian tersebut maka human error yang paling dominan adalah skill based error, kemudian knowledge based error. Program error prevention sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kasus human error secara berulang. Daftar bacaan: 25 (1980- 2007)
ABSTRACT Coal mining industry is one of big industries that produce yielding foreign exchange for a country. And, it also has high risk of having an accident. An accident that happened can create big loss to humans or properties of a company. The accidents that happened were caused by many factors, such as unsafe act, and unsafe condition. Unsafe act gives the biggest contribution on the cause of an accident. The purpose of the research is to know the aspects of human error and their characteristics of trailer accidents that happened at PT. Adaro Indonesia in South Kalimantan. This research uses case study design with quantitative approach. The purpose of using this approach is to give a bigger picture on human error issue that causes trailer accidents which happened in 2007 at PT. Adaro Indonesia. The data that is used for this research is secondary data that contains reports of trailer accidents in 2007. The data that has been collected is inputted in a dummy table. After that, the data is analyzed unvariat. In order to see why and how human error occurs, then I use content analysis. According to this research that uses data of trailer accidents that happened in 2007 at PT. Adaro Indonesia, the causes of trailer accidents are unsafe act (81%), and unsafe condition (19%). Unsafe act consists of human error (97.1%) and Violations (20.6 %). In human error cases, we can see characteristics, Skill based error 76.5%, Rule based error (14.7%), and Knowledge based error (44.2%). We can divide these errors based on their characteristics. They are: Skill based error consists of poor technique (38.2 %), mis-ordering (29.4 %), mistiming (20.6 %), intrusion (8.8 %), and ommision following interuption (5.9 %). Rule based error consists of Misapplication of good rule (11.8%), and Application of Bad rule (2.9%). And, knowledge based error consists of workspace limitations dan out of sight / out of mind (11.8 %), problems with causality and complexity (8.8%) and confirmationbias (8.8 %), overconvidence (5.9%), and selectivity (2.9 %). If we do analysis to contractor companies at PT. Adaro Indonesia, we cansee: skill based error occurs at PAMA (29 %), SIS (24 %), RA (15 %), and BUMA(12 %); rule based error occurs at PAMA (5.9 %), BUMA (2.9%), SIS (2.9%), andRA (2.9%); knowledge based error occurs at PAMA (24 %), SIS (8.8 %), RA (5.9 %), and BUMA (5.9 %). According to the result of the research, the most dominant characteristic ofhuman error is skill based error. And, it is followed by knowledge based error. Error prevention program is needed to prevent accidents that are caused by human error. References : 25 (1980- 2007)