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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran jaminan kesehatan dan determinan yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan oleh penyandang disabilitas di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 menggunakan data Susenas Maret 2021. Variabel terikat penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di FKTP dan FKRTL. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat dengan metode Binary Regression menggunakan model logit. Diketahui variabel kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, pemanfaatan JKN, jenis disabilitas, tingkat keparahan disabilitas, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pekerjaan, status kawin, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan karakteristik tempat tinggal serta status ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan pada pemanfaatan layanan rawat jalan dan rawat inap (p-value 0,000 <0,005). Kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan non JKN atau kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan ganda (JKN dan non JKN) meningkatkan peluang pemanfaatan layanan baik rawat inap maupun rawat jalan. Terjadi penurunan kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan terhadap peningkatan status ekonomi penyandang disabilitas (propoor). Sebaliknya terjadi tren peningkatan pemanfaatan jaminan kesehatan terhadap peningkatan status ekonomi keluarga penyandang disabilitas (prorich).
This research aims to determine the role of health insurance and the determinants that influence the use of health services by people with disabilities in Indonesia in 2021 using Susenas data for March 2021. The dependent variable of this research is the use of outpatient and inpatient health services at FKTP and FKRTL. Data were analyzed bivariately and multivariately using the Binary Regression method using the logit model. It is known that the variables of ownership of health insurance, utilization of JKN, type of disability, severity of disability, gender, education, employment status, marital status, number of household members, and characteristics of residence and economic status have a significant effect on the utilization of outpatient and inpatient services ( p-value 0.000 <0.005). Ownership of non-JKN health insurance or ownership of dual health insurance (JKN and non-JKN) increases the chances of utilizing both inpatient and outpatient services. There has been a decrease in ownership of health insurance due to an increase in the economic status of people with disabilities (propoor). On the contrary, there is a trend of increasing use of health insurance towards increasing the economic status of families of people with disabilities (prorich).
Kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan sarana layanan kesehatan. Di Provinsi Jambi orang yang memiliki asuransi kesehatan dan memanfaatkan sarana layanan kesehatan masih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan persentase nasional asutansi kesehatan baru mencapai 33% dari jumlah penduduk, sedangkan yang memanfaatkan sarana layanan keseha1an rawat jalan baru mencapai 34,70% dan rawat inap baru mencapai 2,25%. Selain kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan pemanfaatan sarana layanan kesehatan dipengaruhi juga oleh faktor lain seperti, jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, wilayah tempat tinggal (kota/desa) dan keluhan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan di Propinsi Jambi mempengaruhi pemanfaatan sarana layanan kesehatan untuk rawat jalan dan rawat inap, baik milik pemerintah maupun swasta. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2006 dengan menggunakan kuesioner VSEN2006.K. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah penduduk Propiosi Jambi, sedangkan sampel adalah semUa individu yang diwawancarai atau yang di data oleh petugas pencacah. Untuk mengetahui hubungan masing-masing variabel digunakan uji bivariat, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji multivariat Uji statistik yang diperlukan pada analisis bivariat digunakan uji kai kundrat dan uji T, sedangkan untuk uJi analisis multivariat memakai uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa faktor kepemilikan asuransi kesenatan, kelompok umur, wilayah (kota/desa), dan ke1uhan sakit berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan sarana layanan kesehatan rawat jalan. Untuk rawat inap faktor yang berhubungan adalah kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan, kelompok umur, wilayah (kota/desa), keluhan sakit dan pendapatan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang merata, memberikan perhatian yang serius terhadap asuransi untuk orang miskin di Propinsi Jambi, baik dari segi pendataan maupun pendanaan.
Health insurance has influence on utilizalion of health care facilities in Jambi Province. Persentage of people who had health insurance and have utilized health care facilities were lower than national percentage. Health insurance covered only 33% in Jambi and only 34,7% of them have utilized out patient care, 2,25% of them have utilized in patient care of health centres. Bisides health insurance, health care utilization are influenced by other factors such: as sex, age, education, employment status, income, geogrofiphic (urban/rural) and symptoms illness. This research was designed as cross sectional study, aimed to know whether health insurance ownership in Jambi Province influenced the utilization of public or private health care centres, for out patient care and inpatient care. This research used data from the 2006 Nasional Socioeconomic Survey, called Susenas, Only data from questioner VSEN 2006.K was used in this research. Populations of the research was an people in Jambi province. All individuals interviewed in Susenas were enrolled as samples in this research. Bivariate analysis was to fird the relationship among variables. Those variables were then analyzed by multivariate analysis. Statistical test that was used for bivariate analysis were chi-square test and T-test, and test for multivariate analysis were logistic regretion test, The research findings found that factors such health insurance ownership, age, geographic (urband/rural), symptom of illness were related to outpatient health care. Utilization of inpatient hearth care were related to health insurance ownership, age, geographic (urband/rural), symptom of illness, and income. The findings of this research recommended government to increase equity in health care services, to give great intentios in health insurance for the poor in Jambi Province especia1ly in collecting data of the poor and funding system.
Utilization of health services have an influence in improving the healthstatus of the elderly. The number of elderly people in Indonesia in 2012 is the fifthlargest in the world and when compared with 1990 that number is projected to beincreased 414% by the year 2025, but the level of utilization of health services inthe Indonesian elderly is the lowest among Southeast Asian countries, while themorbidity of elderly in 2005 is 29.98% and increased in 2007 which reached31.11%.This study is a secondary data analysis of Susenas Panel in 2012 which isa quantitative study with cross-sectional design and the use of chi square test. Thisstudy aims to look at the determinant related to the utilization of health services inoutpatient (RJTP / RJTL) and hospitalization in the sick elderly in Indonesia. Theunit of analysis is the elderly aged ≥ 60 years who had health complaintsThe analysis showed that the utilization of health services is very low inthe sick elderly because still many elderly with health complaints but does notutilize health services (unmet need), factors related to the utilization of outpatienthealth services first level (RJTP): education, ownership health insurance,economic status, variable urban / rural, impaired activity; while in outpatientsettings (RJTL) ie: marital status, education, occupation, ownership healthinsurance, economic status, urban / rural and impaired activity; in the facility ofhospitalization (ranap): education, ownership health insurance, economic status,impaired activity.Suggestions of this study is to increase the utilization of health services atthe health center, it is expected that continuous socialization to the communityabout the importance of elderly health maintenance, improving access to healthcare information for the elderly, encourage the Central and Local Government toprovide budget support in providing health care facilities in accordance with theconditions of the elderly such as home care service, add and strengthend theequity of health personnel trained in handling elderly, expanding health insurancecoverage that ensures the entire cost of treatment of the elderly including elderlywith multipatologis case, encourage central and regional government to socializethe doctors at first level health services such as health centers, physician practices,so that the health personel at the first level better understand the concept andapplication of the Social Security System.Key words :Utilization of health services, unmet need, Susenas Panel 2012
Seven years since the national health insurance scheme (JKN) was introduced, coverage in DKI Jakarta Province has reached 85% of the population, but the average out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure of DKI Jakarta residents is twice that of the national expenditure. The high JKN coverage was accompanied by an increase in OOP in DKI Jakarta Province. This study focuses on understanding how health insurance ownership relates to health service utilization and cash health expenditure in DKI Jakarta Province. This study uses secondary data from Susenas Kor in 2021. The quantitative analysis conducted in this study includes two stages, the first stage using individual-level data to determine the determinants of individual health behavior on health service utilization. The second stage was carried out using household-level data to determine the tendency of health insurance utilization with out-of-pocket health expenditure in DKI Jakarta Province. This study found that the economic status of the population in quintile one (Q1) and quintile two (Q2) is the largest group of people who do not have health insurance. The results of the first stage of analysis show that DKI Jakarta residents prefer privately-run health facilities for outpatient utilization, while government-operated health facilities are slightly superior for inpatient utilization. Residents who have JKN will use it for outpatient and inpatient utilization. The results of the second stage showed that the out-of-pocket cash health expenditure of people with national health insurance (JKN) was lower than that of people without health insurance. Residents who have dual/combination health insurance (JKN and private) when utilizing health services are using private health insurance. The higher the economic status of the population, the higher their health expenditure. This study suggests that the government should pay close attention to the coverage of health insurance among people with low economic status. It also needs to encourage people to make more use of JKN when utilizing outpatient and inpatient care in order to further reduce financial risk, especially for people with vulnerable household members.
Pelaksanaan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) telah berjalan sejak tahun 2014, dalam pelaksanaanya masih ditemui tantangan khususnya dari sisi pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan. Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit pernafasan menular penyebab utama kematian akibat infeksi di dunia yang penyebarannya terus mengalami peningkatan, Indonesia sendiri berada pada posisi kedua kasus terbesar setelah India. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan serta mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan rawat jalan pada peserta JKN dengan diagnosis tuberkulosis paru. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder data sampel BPJS Kesehatan kontekstual tuberkulosis tahun 2022. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan model regresi Negative Binomial. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kelompok umur, status pernikahan dan status pulang pada pelayanan FKTP dengan pemanfaatan layanan rawat jalan. Pengaruh jenis kepesertaan terhadap pemanfaatan layanan rawat jalan signifikan pada pelayanan RJTP dan RJTL dimana peserta PBI lebih banyak dalam memanfaatkan pelayanan RJTP sedangkan pada peserta Non PBI lebih banyak dalam memanfaatkan pelayanan RJTL.
The implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program has been running since 2014, in its implementation there are still challenges, especially in terms of the use of health services. Tuberculosis is an infectious respiratory disease that is the main cause of death due to infections in the world whose spread continues to increase, Indonesia itself is in the second position with the largest cases after India. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of health services and examine the factors that affect the use of outpatient services in JKN participants with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. This study uses secondary data from BPJS Kesehatan contextual tuberculosis sample data in 2022. The data were analyzed univariately, bivariately and multivariate with a Negative Binomial regression model. The results of the statistical test showed that there was a significant relationship between age groups, marital status and discharge status in FKTP services and the use of outpatient services. The effect of the type of membership on the utilization of outpatient services was significant in RJTP and RJTL services where PBI participants were more in utilizing RJTP services while Non-PBI participants were more in utilizing RJTL services.
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap pasien multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang, mengetahui factor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, dan untuk mengetahui estimasi nilai rata-rata pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang bagi pasien peserta multiguna. Dan akan dihasilkan suatu nilai estimasi yang menjadi standard acuan untuk melakukan utilisasi review. Dilakukan dengan rancangan cross sectional dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien peserta multiguna yang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat terlihat bahwa visite rate rawat jalan pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang adalah 1,3 kali yang mana hampir sama dengan visite rate pasien peserta Jamkesda di Kota/Kabupaten lain. Visite rate rawat inap pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang hanya 0,03 kali, dan ini masih rendah dibandingkan dengan visite rate rawat inap peserta Jamkesda Kota/Kabupaten lainnya. Rata-rata biaya rawat jalan dan ALOS pasien peserta multiguna hampir sama dengan tariff rawat jalan dan ALOS INADRG RS Tipe B, Kelas 3 dan Poli Biasa. Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap pasien peserta multiguna di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang di pengaruhi oleh umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan dan diagnose penyakit pasien. Peneliti menyarankan agar di dalam menyusun anggaran untuk peserta kartu multiguna bidang kesehatan ini hendaknya diperhatikan factor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan tersebut. Kata Kunci : pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, utilisassi review, standard acuan, visite rate, alos.
ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to describe of utilization of health service outpatient and inpatient by Multiguna’s patient in The General Hospital of Tangerang, knowing the factors associated with utilization of health services, and to determine an average value of health care utilization of outpatient and inpatient in The General Hospital of Tangerang for Multiguna’s patient that will be estimate the gold standard to conduct the utilization review. Performed with a cross-sectional design using quantitative approach. Population was all Multiguna’s patients who utilize health care outpatient and inpatient at The Genaral Hospital of Tangerang. The result of research showed visite rate of outpatient is 1,3 times which is almost the same visite rate outpatient of Jamkesda participants in the other city. Visite rate of hospitalization only 0,03 times, still low compared with visite rate of hospitalization Jamkesda participants in the other city. The average cost of outpatient care and ALOS multiguna’s patient almost equal with rates of outpatient and ALOS of INA-DRG Type B Hospital, Class 3 and ordinary clinic. The results showed that the utilization of outpatient health services and inpatient care by the multiguna’s patient in the general hospital of Tangerang influenced by age, sex, marital status and diagnosis of patient illness. From this study obtained a standard of reference for utilization review. The research suggested that in preparing the budget for health sector of Multiguna are to be considered factors related to the utilization of health services. Key words: utilization of health services, utilization review, reference standard, visite rate, average length of stay.
