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Hubungan antara kualitas udara dengan masalah kesehatan pernapasan dan kardiovaskular su- dah banyak diteliti, tetapi studi mengenai kualitas udara dengan demam berdarah dengue masih terbatas. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, baik di wilayah tropis maupun subtropis. Studi ekologi dila- kukan di DKI Jakarta, salah satu wilayah yang memiliki jumlah kasus DBD tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, untuk meneliti hubungan antara Incidence Rate (IR) DBD dengan polusi udara, kece- patan angin, luas ruang terbuka hijau, serta kepadatan penduduk selama 2019–2023. Dilakukan pendekatan uji korelasi, uji Kruskal wallis, uji regresi linear berganda, dan analisis spasial. Ha- silnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin buruk kualitas udara, maka IR DBD cenderung menurun, dan sebaliknya pada uji korelasi, uji Kruskall-Wallis, dan regresi. Kecepatan angin, kepadat- an penduduk, dan luas ruang terbuka hijau memiliki hubungan negatif signifikan terhadap IR DBD di hampir seluruh wilayah di DKI Jakarta. Pada analisis spasial, IR DBD cenderung lebih tinggi di wilayah dengan polusi udara tinggi, luas ruang terbuka hijau rendah, dan kepadatan penduduk tinggi, sedangkan kecepatan angin menunjukkan variabilitas dan tidak tampak pola yang konsisten. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan bagi Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) untuk meningkatkan akurasi prediksi dini IR DBD di DKI Jakarta.
The associations between respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes with air quality have been well examined. Less conclusive are the studies assessing the relationship between air quality and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a mosquito-borne illness which remains a public health problem worldwide. We examined this relationship in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, where the burden of DHF is among the highest across South-East Asian region. We analyzed the correlation between dengue incidence rate and variations in air pollution, wind speed, vegetation greenness, and population density in DKI Jakarta from 2019 to 2023 using the ecological study method. The results indicated that poorer air quality was generally associated with lower dengue incidence rate, as shown in the correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression tests. Wind speed, population density, and green open space area showed significant negative relationships with dengue incidence rate across most areas in DKI Jakarta. In the spatial analysis, dengue incidence rate tended to be higher in areas with high air pollution, low green vegetation, and high population density, while wind speed showed variability and did not indicate a consistent pattern. Variations in the concentrations of these air pollutants may inform short-term DHF forecasts by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG)
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes who infected with dengue virus. DHF have been affecting more than 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world. Around 1.8 billion (more than 70%) of the population at risk of dengue fever worldwide live in countries of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific Region, including Indonesia. In 2016, DKI Jakarta was assigned the status of outbreak of DHF, with a total of 22,697 cases and an incidence rate (IR) of 220.8 per 100,000 population. West Jakarta is one of the regions with the highest DHF incidence rate compared to other cities in DKI Jakarta. This study aims to determine the spatial analysis of the incidence of dengue in West Jakarta in 2015-2019 by considering several factors such as demographics, climate, and larval free index. This study uses an ecological study with a spatial analysis approach and correlation analysis to see the strength of the relationship between the incidence of DHF with factors of population density, climate, and larvae free index. Spatially the incidence of DHF tends to occur in areas with high density and low larvae free index. Statistically, correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between population density, air humidity, and rainfall with the incidence of DHF. Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation between the air temperature and larvae free index with the incidence of DHF in West Jakarta. Result shows that from 56 urban villages in West Jakarta, there are 53 urban villages that are categorized as high vulnerability, and 3 urban villages categorized as medium vulnerability. The high problem of dengue cases in West Jakarta makes the authorities should increase efforts or planning and optimize community empowerment in eradicating dengue cases. Keywords: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Population Density, Climate, Larvae Free Index, Spatial Analysis.