Sungai Cilemahabang merupakan sungai yang terdapat di Kabupaten Bekasi yang mengalir dari Cikarang bagian Selatan menuju Cikarang bagian Utara yang menjadi lokasi penelitian. Cikarang dikenal sebagai Kota industri terbesar di Asia Tenggara, dengan berkembangnya industri dan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, sungai Cilemahabang terindikasi adanya pencemaran, sebagaimana hasil dari survey awal yang menunjukkan adanya konsentrasi merkuri dalam air sungai. Mengingat potensi bahaya kesehatan dari pajanan merkuri sehingga dilakukan penelitian yang dapat menganalisis risiko kesehatan terhadap masyarakat melalui air tanah (sumur) yang dikonsumsi masyarakat di sekitar wilayah aliran sungai Cilemahabang Desa Waluya dan Desa Karangraharja Kecamatan Cikarang Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) dengan sampel subjek sebanyak 110 orang melalui kuesioner dan sampel lingkungan yaitu air tanah (sumur) sebanyak 8 sampel dianalisis di laboratorium. Selain itu, dilakukan pengambilan sampel air sungai pada bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir Sungai Cilemamahabang untuk melihat pola distribusi di lingkungan. Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa terdapat konsentrasi merkuri pada air tanah (sumur) sebesar 0,0027 mg/l yang telah melebih nilai baku mutu berdasarkan Permenkes Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 pada air minum dan konsentrasi merkuri pada air sungai juga telah melebihi nilai baku mutu berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Nilai Risk Quetient (RQ) secara realtime pada masyarakat masih dinyatakan tidak berisiko dengan RQ≤1, namun setelah diproyeksikan hingga 40 tahun kedepan, dinyatakan berisiko dengan nilai RQ>1. Sedangkan untuk RQ individu, terdapat 15% yang sudah berisiko. Sehingga tetap perlu dilakukan pengelolaan risiko untuk meminimalisir dampak kesehatan masyarakat jangka panjang.

Cilemahabang River is a river in Bekasi Regency that flows from the southern part of Cikarang to the northern part of Cikarang, the research location. Cikarang is known as the largest industrial city in Southeast Asia. With industrial development and population growth, the Cilemahabang River has become polluted, and the initial survey results revealed elevated concentrations of mercury in the river water. Considering the potential health hazards of mercury exposure, this study was conducted to analyze the health risks to the community through groundwater (well water) consumed by residents living near the Cilemahabang River Basin in Waluya Village and Karangraharja Village, North Cikarang District. This study used the ARKL method with a subject sample of 110 people through a questionnaire and environmental samples, namely groundwater (well) as many as 8 samples analyzed in the laboratory. In addition, river water samples were taken at the upstream, middle, and downstream of the Cilemamahabang River to see the environmental distribution pattern. Laboratory results show that there is a mercury concentration in groundwater (wells) of 0.0027 mg/l, which has exceeded the quality standard value based on Permenkes Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 in drinking water, and the mercury concentration in river water has also exceeded the quality standard value based on PP Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. The real-time Risk Quetient (RQ) value in the community is still declared not at risk with RQ≤1, but after being projected for the next 40 years, it is stated at risk with an RQ>1 value. As for the individual RQ, 15% are already at risk. So, it is still necessary to carry out risk management to minimize long-term public health impacts.

PM2.5 are fine particulate matters smaller than 2.5 micrometres that can be inhaled deep into the lungs’ alveoli and enter the bloodstream. In 2023, Bogor City recorded the highest average PM2.5 concentration in Indonesia. SMA X Kota Bogor is a high school located in the center of Bogor City, adjacent to a major road with high traffic volume, making it potentially exposed to PM2.5 emissions from motor vehicles. Given the heavy traffic, there is concern that ambient PM2.5 particles may infiltrate classrooms during teaching activities. PM2.5 exposure poses risks to students' cognitive function and respiratory health due to its ability to penetrate deep into the lungs. This study aims to estimate the health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure among students at SMA X Kota Bogor in 2025 using an Environmental Health Risk Assessment approach. PM2.5 concentrations were measured in classrooms using the SORA (Sensor Observasi Udara) device, and anthropometric and activity data were collected from 94 students. Conducted in April-June 2025, the study found that the average PM2.5 concentration (24.79 µg/m3) was below the threshold set by Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023 (25 µg/m3). Risk Quotient (RQ) calculations showed RQ ≤ 1 for all samples and individuals, indicating no significant health risk. 

Pencemaran udara merupakan risiko lingkungan terbesar yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan. Kondisi kualitas udara dalam ruang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan penghuninya. Salah satu polutan yang terdapat dalam udara adalah partikulat. Partikulat ini memiliki ukuran yang tidak terlihat oleh kasat mata. Salah satunya PM 2,5 yang memiliki ukuran 25 mikron. Partikulat tersebut dapat terhirup oleh manusia dan masuk ke sistem pernapasan manusia. Partikulat ini terbentuk dari berbagai bahan kimia, biologi, dan fisik yang toksisitasnya belum dapat ditentukan secara pasti. Penduduk yang tinggal di area padat penduduk dan dekat dengan jalan raya dan pabrik pada kawasan industri menjadi kelompok rentan yang dapat menghirup PM 2,5, sehingga diperlukan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan untuk mengetauhi tingkat risiko kesehatan pajanan PM 2,5 pada penduduk. Sebanyak 72% penduduk di lima kecamatan di DKI Jakarta memiliki perhitungan risiko non karsinogenik lebih dari 1 sehingga dapat dikatakan tidak aman.

Air pollution is the biggest environmental risk that can impact health. Indoor air quality conditions can affect the health of the occupants. One of the pollutants found in the air is particulates. These particulates have sizes that are invisible to the naked eye. One of them is PM 2.5 which has a size of 25 microns. These particulates can be inhaled by humans and enter the human respiratory system. These particulates are formed from various chemical, biological and physical substances whose toxicity cannot be determined with certainty. Residents who live in densely populated areas and close to roads and factories in industrial areas are a vulnerable group who can inhale PM 2.5, so an environmental health risk analysis is needed to determine the level of health risk of exposure to PM 2.5 in the population. As many as 72% of residents in five sub-districts in DKI Jakarta have a non-carcinogenic risk calculation of more than 1 so they can be said to be unsafe.