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ABSTRAK Derajat kesehatan suatu Negara dilihat dari beberapa indikator kesehatan salah satunya adalah Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI). Sebagian besar penyebab utama kematian ibu di Indonesia (60-80%) adalah akibat komplikasi persalinan (perdarahan, diikuti oleh eklampsia, infeksi, komplikasi aborsi dan persalinan lama). Salah satu target Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adalah meningkatkan kesehatan ibu yaitu dengan mengurangi angka kematian ibu sampai tiga perempatnya antara tahun 1990 sampai 2015 Sekitar 80% penduduk Indonesia tinggal di daerah perdesaan yang pelayanan kebidanan masih banyak bersifat tradisional dan lebih dari 75% persalinan masih di tolong oleh dukun bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pelayanan antenatal dengan komplikasi persalinan wilayah perdesaan di Indonesia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Responden merupakan ibu yang pernah hamil dan melahirkan bayi berdasarkan data Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2007. Prevalensi kejadian komplikasi persalinan wilayah perdesaan di Indonesia adalah sebesar 43,5% dan prevalensi kualitas antenatal yang tidak sesuai kriteria adalah 67,5%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan kualitas pelayanan antenatal dengan komplikasi persalinan dengan PR=0,991 (pvalue<0,05). Analisis multivariat yang digunakan adalah cox regression. Hasil akhir hubungan kualitas pelayanan antenatal dengan komplikasi persalinan setelah dikontrol variabel paritas, komplikasi kehamilan dan penolong persalinan didapat prevalence ratio (PR) sebesar 0,933 (CI 95% : 0,868-1,003). Kondisi akses, infrastruktur jalan dan transportasi yang tidak memadai serta biaya yang tidak murah menyebabkan perlunya penempatan tenaga kesehatan di desa khususnya bidan di setiap desa dalam upaya mencegah komplikasi persalinan di perdesaan dengan memberikan asuhan antenatal seoptimal mungkin.
ABSTRACT One of several health indicator in every country is Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The most several factors of maternal mortality in Indonesia about 60- 80% because of delivery complications (excesive vaginal bleeding followed by eclampsia, infection, abortus complication and prolonged labour). One of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target is increase the mother?s health with decrease maternal mortality rate for almost three quarters from years 1990 until 2015. About 80% Indonesia citizen live in rural area with traditional maternal care and almost 75% delivery still help with traditional attendance. The purpose of this study to know the relationship between quality of antenatal care with delivery complication in rural area of Indonesia using Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey year 2007 data. Design study is cross sectional. Respondents of this study are mothers that have been pregnant and delivery. Prevalence of delivery complication in this study are 43,5% and bad quality of antenatal care prevalence are 67,5%. Bivariate analysis proven there is no relationship between quality of antenatal care and delivery complications with Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 0,991 (pvalue<0,05). Multivariate analysis using cox regression model analysis. The final result relationship between between quality of antenatal care and delivery complications after controlled by parity, pregnancy complications and delivery attendance show that prevalence ratio (PR) is 0,933 (CI 95% : 0,868-1,003). It is need policy to located minimal one midwife for one village to decrease the incidence of delivery complications with utilization of optimal antenatal care because of the poor access, infrastructure, transportation and expensive payment to reach health facility in rural area.
Kata Kunci : ASI eksklusif, gizi buruk (BB/U), anak usia 6-35 bulan
Indonesia has a nutritional problem is characterized by the magnitude of theprevalence of malnutrition among children under five. Malnutrition in childrenfrom birth to age three years will greatly affect the growth and development ofglial cells and brain myelination process, and therefore contributes to the qualityof his brain. In Karawang district proportion malnutrition (weight / age) infantsweighing in July 2013 was approximately 0.4 % , and 35.76 % of that number ischildren aged 6-35 months. The purpose of this study was to determine therelation of exclusive breastfeeding history with severe malnutrition status(weight/age) children aged 6-35 months in Karawang district in 2013 after beingcontrolled by the variable birth weight, child 's health status, dietary intake,maternal education, knowledge mother, maternal employment status, familyincome, number of family members and liveliness visit the neighborhood healthcenter. This study was conducted in August 2013 in Karawang district using case-control design. Cases were children aged 6-35 months in Karawang measuredweight on the weighing in July 2013 and have severe nutritional status (weight /age) and controls were children aged 6-35 months in Karawang measured weightonthe weighing in July 2013 and had a good nutritional status. In this study a totalsample of 276 (138 cases and 138 controls). Data were analyzed by multiplelogistic regression. The results showed a relation of exclusive breastfeedinghistory with severe malnutrition status (weight/age) children aged 6-35 months inKarawang districtin 2013. Children aged 6-35 months who had a history ofexclusive breastfeeding risk 0.26 times (95% CI 0,12-0,55) exposed to severemalnutrition (weight/age) compared with no history of exclusive breastfeedingafter controlled by food intake, maternal knowledge, and liveliness visit theneighborhood health center. History of exclusive breastfeeding decrease the riskof severe malnutrition (weight/age) in children aged 6-35 months in Karawangdistrict in 2013 by 74%.Efforts to prevent malnutrition in infants one of which isthe exclusive breastfeeding.Necessary of increases the health promotion ofexclusive breastfeeding with good and correct way to the target group effectivelyin order to get a good nutritional status.
Keyword : Exclusive breastfeeding, severe malnutrition status, childrenaged 6-35 months
ABSTRAK
BBLR merupakan indikator multidimensi yang penting untuk mengukur masalah kesehatan di masyarakat. Di Indonesia, prevalensi BBLR mengalami penurunan yang lambat padahal BBLR memberi beban ekonomi yang tinggi bagi negara. Komplikasi kehamilan dianggap sebagai determinan penting terjadinya BBLR di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kejadian BBLR pada anak terakhir yang lahir hidup di Indonesia tahun 2007 setelah dikontrol seluruh confounding. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional seperti desain sumber data SDKI 2007. Populasi sumber penelitian ini diambil dari 33 provinsi yang diambil dengan metode stratified two stage cluster sampling, sehingga peneliti melakukan analisis Complex sampling. Study participants dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 9.339 responden (11.839 responden sebelum dilakukan pembobotan).
Hasil analisis
diketahui prevalensi BBLR sebesar 5,3%, prevalensi komplikasi kehamilan 11,5% (1,3% mules sebelum 9 bulan, 2,2% perdarahan, 0,6% demam tinggi, 0,1% kejang dan pingsan, 5,8% komplikasi lainnya, dan 1,2% mengalami lebih dari 1 komplikasi kehamilan), dan prevalensi BBLR pada ibu yang mengalami komplikasi kehamilan sebesar 11,5%. Analisis multivariat Logistic regression didapatkan adanya peningkatan PR komplikasi kehamilan terhadap BBLR sebesar 3,184 (CI 95% 1,058 - 4,112) setelah dikontrol variabel confounder umur ibu saat melahirkan, jarak kelahiran, status paritas, riwayat BBLR, pendidikan ibu, tempat tinggal, lahir kembar dan jumlah kunjungan ANC serta mempertimbangkan interaksi antara komplikasi kehamilan dengan status paritas. Jenis komplikasi kehamilan yang paling mempengaruhi terjadinya BBLR adalah demam yang tinggi (POR 6,098 CI 95% 0,4206 ? 7,3606), mules sebelum 9 bulan (POR 5,113 CI 95% 0,22984 ? 6,05784).
ABSTRACT
Low birth weight is an important indicator to measure multidimensional health problems in the community. In Indonesia, the prevalence of low birth weight decreased slowly while LBW become a high economic burden for the country. Complications of pregnancy considered as an important determinant of the LBW in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the effect of pregnancy complications to LBW in Indonesia on 2007 after controlling all confounders. This study use cross-sectional design as the data source IDHS 2007. The source population of this study were taken from 33 provinces which drawn with a two-stage stratified cluster sampling, so the researchers conducted an analysis Complex sampling to prevent bias. Study participants in this study were 9.339 respondents (11.839 respondents prior to weighting).
Results of analysis
show LBW prevalence was 5.6%, 11.5% prevalence of pregnancy complications (1.3% abdominal contraction before 9 months, 2.2% bleeding, 0.6% of high fever, 0.1% seizures and fainting, 5,8% other complications, and 1.2% had more than one pregnancy complication), and 11.5% LBW in women with pregnancy complications. Pregnancy complications were associated with low birth weight. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pregnancy complications women were 34 times more likely to delivered LBW (POR 2,507, 95% CI 1,982-3,173). LBW also associated with maternal age, birth interval, previous abortion, maternal education, wealth index, twins and antenatal visit. Types of pregnancy complications that mostly affecting the LBW are high fever (POR 6,098 CI 95% 0,4206 ? 7,3606), abdominal contraction before 9 months (POR 5,113 CI 95% 0,22984 ? 6,05784).
This study uses cross sectional design which aims to obtain picture characteristics and the factors associated with the condition do not receive treatment with anti malaria program in Indonesia year 2007. Research with a quantitative study involving 14 229 subjects were drawn from the data Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2007. From multivariate analysis showed seven variables significantly associated. The variables are: gender, education, socioeconomic status, source of medical expenses, and travel time to the nearest health service, place and type of outpatient areas.
