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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of retrovirus that infects and damages immune cells in the body. This virus targets and multiplies within CD4 lymphocyte cells, weakening and eventually destroying the immune system. Untreated HIV leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is associated with opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, in 2022 there were 90,956 HIV cases with 28,501 deaths reported. Cancer is a common disease among HIV patients, who have a 50-200 times higher risk compared to healthy individuals, highlighting the need to reduce cancer incidence through efforts such as providing HIV counselling services, administering ART treatment, and screening for opportunistic infections. This study aims to identify factors associated with cancer incidence in PLHIV using medical record data from Dharmais Cancer Hospital. The research employs a cross-sectional study design. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods, with chi-square tests and prevalence ratios (95% CI) presented. Based on the analysis, significant associations were found between total CD4 count, gender, and opportunistic infections. At Dharmais Cancer Hospital, the relative risk (OR) for total CD4 <200 was 3.843 (95% CI 1.741-8.484), for total CD4 200-499 was 0.595 (95% CI 0.348-1.007), for female PLHIV was 0.447 (95% CI 0.271-0.738), and for PLHIV with opportunistic infections was 0.327 (95% CI 0.248-0.431).
Latar belakang. Demam neutropenia merupakan salah satu adverse event yang sering terjadi pasien kanker payudara. Demam neutropenia yang tidak dapat dicegah dan ditangani dengan baik mengakibatkan komplikasi, kematian dan mempengaruhi efektivitas pengobatan. Olehkarena itu perlu diketahui faktor-faktor dominan apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya demam neutropenia agar kejadian demam neutropenia dapat dicegah. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel bebas usia, status performa, penyakit penyerta, jenis kanker payudara, stadium kanker payudara, pemberian kemoterapi sitotoksik, albumin, hemoglobin dengan kejadian demam neutropenia pada pasien kanker payudara di RS Kanker Dharmais Jakarta. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil. Proporsi demam neutropenia adalah 13,67%. Faktor risiko dominan penyebab demam neutropenia adalah variabel status performa pasien PR Crude 3,64 (95% CI 2,07-6,39, p-value 0,001), PR Adjusted 2,16 (95% CI 1,09-4,30, p-value 0,027); diabetes PR Crude 2,30 (95% CI 1,21-4,53; p-value 0,012), PR Adjusted 2,17 (95%CI 1,07-4,41; p-value 0,030); stadium tiga PR Crude 2,28 (95% CI 1,2-5,07; p-value 0,001) PR Adjusted 2,49 (95% CI 1,11-5,60; p-value 0,001), dan stadium empat PR Crude 3,93 (95% CI 1,72-8,97; p-value 0,001) PR Adjusted 3,6 (95% CI 1,45-8,93; p-value 0,001). Kesimpulan. Kejadian demam neutropenia pada pasien kanker payudara menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Upaya pencegahan menggunakan profilaksis G-CSF diperlukan untuk pasien dengan risiko tinggi mengalami demam neutropenia. Penelitian lanjutan terkait konsekuensi demam neutropenia perlu dilakukan. Kata kunci. Demam neutropenia, faktor risiko, kanker payudara, kemoterapi sitotoksis
Background. Febrile neutropenia is one of the adverse events that often occur in breast cancer patients. If it cannot be prevented and treated properly, it increases complications and mortality and decreases the effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, knowing the dominant factors that can affect febrile neutropenia is necessary, and febrile neutropenia can be prevented. Objective. To determine the relationship between independent variables of age, performance status, comorbidities, type of breast cancer, stage of breast cancer, regiment of cytotoxic chemotherapy, albumin, and hemoglobin with the incidence of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients at Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta. Method. Observational study with cross-sectional design. Results. The proportion of febrile neutropenia was 13.67%. The dominant risk factors causing febrile neutropenia are patient performance status PR Crude 3,64 (95% CI 2,07-6,39, p-value 0,001), PR Adjusted 2,16 (95% CI 1,09-4,30, p-value 0,027); diabetes PR Crude 2,30 (95% CI 1,21-4,53; p-value 0,012), PR Adjusted 2,17 (95%CI 1,07-4,41; p-value 0,030); stages three of breast cancer PR Crude 2,28 (95% CI 1,2-5,07; p-value 0,001) PR Adjusted 2,49 (95% CI 1,11-5,60; p-value 0,001); stage four of breast cancer PR Crude 3,93 (95% CI 1,72-8,97; p-value 0,001) PR Adjusted 3,6 (95% CI 1,45-8,93; p-value 0,001). Conclusion. The incidence of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients showed significant results. Prophylaxis G-CSF is needed for patients at high risk of developing febrile neutropenia. Further research related to the consequences of febrile neutropenia is required. Keywords. Breast cancer, cytotoxic chemotherapy, febrile neutropenia, risk factors
Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang paling banyak diderita oleh wanita di dunia, khususnya di Indonesia. Pengobatan yang lama dan berat memiliki dampak psikologis yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup pasien. Dukungan sosial penting untuk kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi longitudinal dan kualitatif dengan case study. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker payudara yang berobat dan tercatat pada di RS Kanker Dharmais periode bulan Agustus-Desember 2023 yang memenuhi syarat kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian sebanyak 190 pasien. Pengukuran kualitas hidup dengan kuesioner EORTC QLQ 30 dan BR-23 Pengukuran dukungan sosial dengan kuesioner Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Pengumpulan data kualitatif dengan kelompok focus group discussion (FGD) dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi logistik untuk pengukuran data berulang pada data kategorik dengan General Estimation of Equotion (GEE). Dukungan sosial mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara sebesar 3,9 kali (OR=3,9; 95% CI: 3,3-4,6) setelah dikontrol faktor umur dan stadium kanker payudara. Sumber dukungan yang paling berpengaruh yaitu dukungan keluarga (OR=5,2 CI 95% 2,8-7,6) dan tenaga kesehatan (OR=2,0 CI 95% 1,3-3,1). Bentuk dukungan sosial yang paling berpengaruh yaitu dukungan emosional (OR=5,3 CI 95% 3,0-9,0), nyata (OR=3,6 CI 95% 2,5-5,2), dan informasi (OR=2,4 CI 95% 1,4-4,3). Pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kualitas hidup berdasarkan waktu terdapat penurunan seiring berjalannya waktu. Diharapkan untuk peningkatan dukungan sosial dari keluarga, tanaga Kesehatan dalam bentuk dukungan emosianal, nyata dan informasi. Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais juga diharapkan untuk mengoptimalkan program paliatif dan NAPAK sebagai bentuk dukungan sosial terhadap pasien kanker payudara. Kata Kunci : Kualitas Hidup, Dukungan Sosial, Pasien Kanker Payudara
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting women worldwide, particularly in Indonesia. The lengthy and intensive treatment process often has psychological impacts that affect patients' quality of life. Social support plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of social support on the quality of life of breast cancer patients at Dharmais Cancer Hospital. A mixed-methods design was used, combining a quantitative longitudinal approach with a qualitative case study. The sample consisted of 190 breast cancer patients who were treated and registered at Dharmais Cancer Hospital between August and December 2023, and who met the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of life was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR-23 questionnaires, while social support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using logistic regression for repeated measurements, employing the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method for categorical data. The results showed that social support significantly influenced the quality of life of breast cancer patients, increasing the odds by 3.9 times (OR = 3.9; 95% CI: 3.3–4.6) after controlling for age and cancer stage. The most influential sources of support were family (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.8–7.6) and healthcare workers (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3–3.1). The most impactful forms of support were emotional (OR = 5.3; 95% CI: 3.0–9.0), tangible (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.5–5.2), and informational support (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4–4.3). However, the effect of social support on quality of life was found to decrease over time. It is therefore recommended to enhance social supports particularly from family and healthcare professionals through emotional, tangible, and informational forms. Dharmais Cancer Hospital is also expected to optimize its palliative care and NAPAK programs as a structured form of social support for breast cancer patients. Keywords: Quality of Life, Social Support, Breast Cancer Patients
Lymphedema is a chronic complication that commonly occurs after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and prediction model for lymphedema after ALND in advanced-stage breast cancer patients. This was a retrospective cohort design on 174 patients at Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Cox regression was used to identify significant risk factors for lymphedema. The prediction accuracy of the model was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The results showed that lymphedema was identified in 88/174 (50.6%) patients and most of them experienced lymphedema in the first 12 to 36 months after ALND. Risk factors associated with lymphedema include age, obesity, diabetes, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. The prediction model showed good sensitivity (80.2%) in the study population with an AUC value of 0.706 (95% CI 0.629-0.783; p-value < 0.05). It can be concluded that the prediction model developed in this study is good enough to be implemented by clinicians in estimating the risk of lymphedema, especially for advanced-stage breast cancer patients in our hospital.
