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Beberapa studi menunjukkan adanya penurunan rata-rata usia menarche di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Rata-rata usia menarche wanita di Amerika menurun sebesar 0,9 tahun dari tahun 1920 hingga 1980an (McDowell, 2007). Berdasarkan survei nasional pada tahun 1992 – 1995 rata-rata usia menarche remaja putri di Indonesia adalah 12,96 tahun dengan prevalensi menarche dini sebesar 10,3 % dan menarche terlambat sebesar 8,8 % (Batubara, 2010). Faktor determinan dari menarche dini dan menarche terlambat adalah status gizi, lemak tubuh, asupan makronutrien, asupan mikronutrien, sosial ekonomi, rangsangan psikis, hormonal, umur menarche ibu, outcome kelahiran, dan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2010 dan mengikutsertakan 5358 remaja putri (10-19 tahun) diseluruh wilayah Indonesia sebagai populasi eligible. Studi ini menggunakan metode penarikan sampel non simple random sampling, strata, dan cluster sehingga menggunakan desain complex sample dalam analisisnya. Analisis model akhir menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial. Pada hasil multivariat, faktor risiko untuk menarche dini adalah kegemukan/obesitas (POR 3.03, 95% CI 2.39-3.83), hormonal banyak (POR 1.57, 95% CI 1.21-2.05), umur menarche ibu cepat (POR 1.74, 95 % CI 1.39 – 2.19) dan jumlah anak dalam keluarga sedikit (POR 1.64, 95 % CI 1.21-2.23). Sementara itu faktor protektif untuk menarche dini adalah asupan energi kurang (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.56-0.94). Faktor risiko untuk menarche terlambat adalah usia menarche ibu yang lambat (POR 2.1 95 % CI 1.68-2.61). Sementara itu faktor protektif untuk menarche terlambat adalah kegemukan/obesitas (POR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.63), hormonal banyak (POR 0.7, 95% CI 0.62-0.95), asupan protein rendah (POR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.91), asupan lemak tinggi (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.59- 0.95), umur menarche ibu yang lebih muda (POR 0.6, 95 % CI 0.44 – 0.84), pendidikan bapak yang tinggi (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.57-0.92) dan jumlah anggota keluarga yang besar (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.57-0.99). Pentingnya upaya meningkatkan program pencegahan kegemukan/obesitas anak dan remaja serta meningkatkan program penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi dengan sasaran usia yang lebih muda yaitu murid sekolah dasar (SD) dan sekolah lanjutan tingkat pertama (SLTP) baik di unit pemerintah maupun swasta.
Several studies have shown a decrease mean age of menarche in the world, including in Indonesia. The mean age of menarche in U.S. women declined by 0.9 years from 1920 to the 1980s (McDowell, 2007). Based on National Suveys conducted in 1992-1995, the mean age of menarche in Indonesian girls was 12.96 years with prevalence of early menarche was 10.3% and late menarche was 8.8% (Batubara, 2010). Determinant factors of early and late menarche was nutritional status, body fat, macronutrient intake, micronutrient intake, social economy, psycological stimulate, height/hormonal, maternal age of menarche, birth outcome, family structural, and phisical activity. This study used data of Basic Health Survey 2010 and include 5358 girls (10-19 years) in all region of Indonesia as eligible population. This study used non simple random sampling, strata, and cluster sampling method so that the analysis using complex sample design. In multivariate, this study using multinomial logistic regression. The risk factors of early menarche is overweight/obesity (POR 3.03, 95% CI 2.39-3.83), more height girls (POR 1.57, 95% CI 1.21-2.05), early maternal age of menarche (POR 1.74, 95 % CI 1.39 – 2.19), small number of children in families (POR 1.64, 95 % CI 1.21-2.23). Meanwhile the protective factors of early menarche is low energy intake (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.56-0.94). The risk factors of late menarche is late maternal age of menarche (POR 2.1 95 % CI 1.68-2.61). Meanwhile the protective factors of late menarche is overweight/obesity (POR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.63), more height girls (POR 0.7, 95% CI 0.62-0.95), low protein intake (POR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.91), high fat intake (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.59-0.95), early maternal age of menarche (POR 0.6, 95 % CI 0.44 – 0.84), high level of father education (POR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.57-0.92), small number of families (POR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.57-0.99). So, this is important to improve prevention programs of child/adolescent obesity and reproductive health education for elementary and junior high school students both in government and private sectors.
West Papua Province ranks third in the highest cases of malaria in Indonesia. The number of positive malaria cases in 2020 totaled 254,050 cases, which increased in 2021 with 304,607 cases. There are several risk factors for the occurrence of malaria such as socio-demographic, environmental factors, and individual behavior in preventing the transmission of malaria. This study aims to assess the determinants of malaria incidence in West Papua Province, using the 2018 West Papua Province Riskesdas data source with a cross-sectional study design. This study used the cox regression statistical test on 2,602 samples in the province of West Papua, with statistical significance based on 95% confidence intervals. The results showed that the prevalence of malaria in West Papua Province was 37.2%. the highest proportion of malaria incidence was in males 42.5%, age 5 tahun 37.4%, last education SMP/SLTP 37.5%, work not at risk 37.8%, did not sleep using insecticide treated nets 41.2 %, not using repellents, not using mosquito coils 38.0%, using gauze on house ventilation 42.7%, destroying used containerized 39.5%, living in urban areas 46.5%, the type of main water facility used used for cooking, personal hygiene and washing purposes which were not at risk 38.3% and the type of main water facility used for drinking purposes which was not at risk 38.7%. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between gender (PR 1.295; 95% CI 1.141-1.469) and area type (PR 0.746; 95% CI 0.650-0.855). As well as factors that are considered related to the incidence of malaria, namely sleeping using insecticide-treated nets PR 1.102; 95% CI 0.965-1.258). The gender factor is the factor that most influences the incidence of malaria which gives a risk of 1.295 for the occurrence of malaria in men compared to women after controlling for the type of area and sleeping using insecticide-treated mosquito nets. It is necessary to promotion, education, monitoring and evalution of the use of insecticide-treated nets, especially in urban communities and at risk group (men).
Hypertension is increase systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic bloodpressure ≥ 90 mmHg which lasted for long time. Often has no symptoms so it isnot detected early, it was realized when causes disruption organ. Prevalence inLampung Province is quite high and likely increase. Purpose this study knownrelationship aging population, social support, population married, quality humanresources, productivity human resources, population density at society LampungProvince in 2013 after controled covariate variable age, type of sex, marital status,job, education, area residence. Research design ecology study carried out January-June 2016 at 21898 sample, using data from Central Bureau Statistics asindependent variables and covariate variables Riskesdas 2013. Analyzed usinglogistic regression. Results showed relationship increases hypertension atpopulation aging (POR=1,45,95%CI=1,32-160), quality human resources(POR=1,54, 95%CI=1,41-1,68), population density (POR=1,29,95%CI=1,19-1,40), while population married (POR=0,83, 95%CI= 0,76-0,91), productivityhuman resources (POR= 0,69, 95%CI=0,63-0,76) related to lower hypertension. Ittakes cooperation among relevant sectors, advocacy, IEC, screening high-riskgroups, to improve and enable Posbindu non communicable disease.Kata Kunci : Ecologi, Hypertension, RiskesdasRefrensi : 93 (1995-2015)