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ABSTRAK Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupatan Batu Bara merupakan wilayah endemis malaria dan masuk urutan tiga besar. Letak geografis wilayah puskesmas berada di wilayah pantai dari segi lingkungan rumah mempunyai kondisi yang berisiko sebagai jalan masuknya nyamuk anopheles antara lain kondisi dinding yang tidak rapat, tidak terapasangnya kawat kasa pada ventilasi dan tidak adanya plafon. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batu Bara tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Kasus dan kontrol adalah subjek yang berkunjung ke puskesmas yang ditentukan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis. Kasus adalah penderita berusia lima tahun keatas dengan gejala klinis malaria disertai dengan hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah menunjukan positif mengandung plasmodium. Kontrol adalah pengunjung puskesmas berusia lima tahun ke atas dengan gejala demam tetapi hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah menunjukan negatif malaria. Variabel lingkungan rumah yang diobservasi meliputi kondisi dinding rumah, keberadaan kawat kasa ventilasi dan keberadaan plafon. Variabel kovariat terdiri dari kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu, kebiasaan keluar malam, keberadaan tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, keberadaan semak. Analisis stratifikasi menunjukan ada modifikasi efek antara variabel lingkungan rumah dengan tiga variabel kovariat; kebiasaan keluar malam, keberadaan tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, keberadaan semak, dari empat variabel kovariat tidak ditemukan adanya confounder. Nilai OR hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria 2,22 (95% CI: 1,04 – 4,76), artinya responden dengan lingkungan rumah kurang baik berisiko 2,22 kali terkena malaria dibandingkan dengan responden dengan lingkungan rumah baik. Kesimpulan ada hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batu Bara
ABSTRACT Batu Bara district is a region of malaria endemic due to its geographic in a coastal area. Also the housing condition such as gap in the wall, ventilation without wire netting, and homes without ceiling make anopheles as malaria vector to break through into the house. Reseach objectives to determines relationship between housing condition and malaria incidence in Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram, Batu Bara District in 2011. This study uses a case-control design. The case were people over 5 years with clinical symptoms of malaria and the blood examination showed positif plasmodium results. The controls were people over 5 years who visited Puskesmas with fever symptom but blood examination showed negative ones. Housing condition variables that observed include the walls condition, the presence of wire netting ventilation and ceiling. Covariate variable studied include the habit of using bed nets, night outs habit, mosquitos breeding sites and the shrubs. Stratification analysis showed effect modification between housing condition variables with three covariates variables; night outs habit, the presence of mosquito breeding sites, the presence of shrubs, of four variables covariates did not find any confounder. OR value relationship of housing condition with malaria incidence is 2,22 (95% CI: 1,04 – 4,76), means respondent with poorly housing condition has 2,22 times more chance to suffer malaria than respondent with the good ones. Conclusion there is a relationship the housing condition and the incidence of malaria in Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram, Batu Bara District in 2011.
Malaria is still one of the leading public-health problems that can cause death primarily in high-risk groups, namely, infants, toddlers, and expectant mothers. In addition, malaria directly causes anemia and can lower labor productivity. In 2010, in Indonesia, 65% of endemic districts were at risk of contracting malaria. By 2020 there are 515 cases of malaria in Batu Bara, and by 2021 rising to 952. The purpose of this study is to know the risk factors in the incidence of malaria in the Batu Bara. It uses a case-control design. The responders are 12 years of age and above where the cases are those who visit the health center with fever symptoms and positive malaria and controls are those with symptoms of a fever with a malaria negative. From multivariat analysis involving all risk factors simultaneously, there is a significant variable affecting the incidence of malaria that is both the age and the existence of a cattle cage. According to the age category, it shows 12-17 year old respondents with the highest risk of contracting malaria (AOR = 3.85; 1.40-10.59) by those ages 18-40 (AOR= 1.79; 070-4.58). Those who claim that there is a corral in the neighborhood, having a three times greater risk of contracting malaria than those who not.
Kata Kunci : Kawat kasa, Kelambu, Kejadian Malaria.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that lives in the bloodthrough the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is still a problem inIndonesia since 2015 the total number of 217.025 of malaria cases. In 2015,Lampung province has the most number of cases after Papua, East Nusa Tenggara,West Papua, Maluku, North Sumatera amount of positive 3,991 cases in which theDistrict Pesawaran a malaria endemic districts. The main purpose of this study wasto determine the relationship of behavior and breeding places on the incidence ofmalaria after controlling for potential confounders. This study is a case-controlstudy with a sample size of 180 respondents, with 60 cases and 120 controls aged≥ 15 years, using incident data. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, stratificationand logistic regression. After adjusting confounding variables installation of wirenetting significant relationship with the incidence of malaria (OR : 3,15 ; 95% CI :1,099-9,074; p = 0,033). Out of the house at night, insect repellent, use of mosquitonets, mosquito breeding places and distances breeding places are not relationshipwith the incidence of malaria. Age is a modification effect on the relationshipbetween the use of mosquito nets and malaria. The people should take steps toprevent the installation of wire netting perform at every home ventilation and closeany holes in the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquitonetting when sleeping at night. The people should take steps to prevent malaria bydoing the installation of wire netting at each home ventilation and close any holesin the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquito netting whensleeping at night
Kata Kunci : Wire Netting, Mosquito Net, Malaria.
Penyakit diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama karena angka mortalitas dan morbiditas masih tinggi dan sering menimbulkan KLB. Angka kesakitan diare di Kecamatan Sepatan dan Paku Haji berfluktuasi dan terjadi KLB tahun 2005, 2007 dan 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko kesehatan lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare di Kecamatan Sepatan dan Paku Haji. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Sepatan dan Paku Haji dengan metode kasus kontrol. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, pengamatan, dan pengambilan sampel. Kasus dan kontrol diperoleh dari pasien yang datang berobat ke puskesmas yang ada di wilayah tersebut dan dilakukan matching terhadap variabel umur. variabel yang diamati adalah kualitas air bersih, tingkat risiko pencemaran sumber air bersih, sarana pembuangan kotoran, sarana SPAL, dan sarana pembuangan sampah. Untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kesehatan lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare digunakan conditional logistic regression. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare di Kecamatan tersebut adalah adalah tingkat risiko pencemaran sumber air bersih dengan OR 10,64 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel sarana pembuangan kotoran dan perilaku cuci tangan. Untuk mencegah diare diperlukan upaya perbaikan sarana air bersih melalui perbaikan sarana sumber air bersih untuk mengurangi risiko pencemaran, penyediaan sumber air bersih melalui PDAM dan peningkatan program pencegahan diare di puskesmas. Kata kunci : kasus kontrol, matching, diare, faktor risiko kesehatan lingkungan
Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, because the mortality and morbidity remain high, and often cause outbreaks. Diarrhoea morbidity in Sepatan and Paku Haji fluctuate and the outbreak in 2005, 2007 and 2009. This study aims to know environmental health risk factors associated with the incidence of diarrhoea in Sepatan and Paku Haji. The study was conducted in District Sepatan and Paku Haji with case-control methods. Collecting data through interviews, observation, and sampling. Cases and controls obtained from patients who came for treatment to community health centre in the area and do the matching on age variables. observed variable is the quality of clean water, the risk level of contamination of sources of clean water, excreta disposal, wastewater facilities, and waste disposal facilities. To determine the environmental health risk factors associated with diarrhea using conditional logistic regression. Risk factors related to the incidence of diarrhoea in the risk level of contamination of water sources or 10.64 after an adjustable amount of waste water and handwashing behaviour. To prevent diarrhea necessary efforts to improve water supply by improving the means of clean water sources, to reduce the risk of contamination, clean water through the PDAM and the expansion of programmes for the prevention of diarrhoea in community health centres. Key words: case-control, matching, diarrhea, environmental health risk factors.
Kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada balita di Wonosobo meningkat dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Kejadian tertinggi adalah 348 per 1.000 balita pada tahun 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan fisik rumah terhadap ISPA, dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua balita di Kabupaten Wonosobo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah 2012. Sampel dipilih secara acak sederhana berdasarkan cluster mewakili perbedaan ketinggian di Wonosobo, selanjutnya pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan cara Propobability proportional to Size (N = 250). Studi ini menemukan prevalens kejadian ISPA sebesar 60,80%, lingkungan fisik rumah berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pengetahuan ibu. Proporsi kejadian ISPA 68,47% dari balita yang tinggal pada kondisi rumah kurang, sedangkan 27,66% balita tinggal dalam kondisi baik (PR= 2,47, 95% CI: 1,545-3.967). Diperlukan upaya promosi kesehatan dan tindakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan terutama kondisi rumah untuk mencegah ISPA.
The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) on children under five in Wonosobo was increasing in the last 3 years. The highest was 348 per 1.000 children under five in 2010. The study aimed to determine the influence of house condition to ARI. This was an analytic cross sectional study. The population was all of under five In Wonosobo District, Central Java Province 2012. Sample was selected by cluster simple random sampling, the cluster was representing the altitude of Wonosobo, then the selection of subject study using propobabilty proportional to size (N=250). This study found a prevalence of 60.80% of ARI, the house physical environment associated with the incidence of ARI home after the controlled of maternal knowledge variable. proportion of ARI incidence 68.47% of children who live on bad house conditions, while 27.66% children under five living in good conditions (PR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.545 to 3967). Need a health promotion and an action to increasing the health environments especially the house conditions to prevent ARI.
