Abstrak:

Pendahuluan : Komplikasi kehamilan dan atau adanya penyulit persalinan umumnya merupakan indikasi dilakukannya seksio sesarea (SS). Namun dari 15,3% angka SS hasil Riskesdas 2010, 13% diantaranya terjadi pada ibu melahirkan yang tidak mengalami komplikasi kehamilan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persalinan SS pada ibu tanpa komplikasi kehamilan dan atau penyulit persalinan di Indonesia. Metode : Menggunakan disain cross sectional dengan menganalisis jawaban dari 9.485 responden, menggunakan program SPSS versi 18, melalui uji regresi logistik. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Proporsi SS pada ibu tanpa riwayat komplikasi kehamilan dan atau penyulit persalinan di Indonesia adalah 12,3%. Faktor yang berhubungan adalah : umur saat melahirkan, pendidikan, pengeluaran bulanan RT, wilayah tempat tinggal, umur kehamilan, jumlah ANC, paritas dan ukuran lahir anak. Sedangkan faktor yang tidak berhubungan adalah : pekerjaan dan jarak persalinan. Adapun faktor yang paling besar pengaruhnya adalah pengeluaran bulanan RT kuintil 5 dibanding kuintil 2 & 1 (OR=2,32 {95%CI : 1,89?2,83}).

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  Introduction : Pregnancy and labor of complications is generally an indication of doing caesarean section (CS). But the figure of 15,3% CS outcome Riskesdas 2010, 13% of them occurred in mothers without experience of pregnancy and labor complications. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the factors associated with childbirth by CS in mothers without experience of pregnancy and labor complications in Indonesia. Methods : Using a cross sectional design to analyze the respons of the 9.485 respondents, using SPSS version 18, through logistic regression test. Results and Conclusions : The proportion of CS in mothers without experience of pregnancy and labor complications in Indonesia is 12,3%. Related factors were : age at delivery, educations, monthly household expenses, area of residence, gestational age, number of ANC, parity and size of the child was born. Unrelated factors are : occupational and distance delivery. The factors that most impact is the monthly household expenditure quintile 5 compared with quintile 2 & 1 (OR=2,32 {95%CI : 1,89 to 2,83}).

Abstrak: Sesuai anjuran WHO dan UNICEF, salah satu kunci utama untuk meningkatkan tingkat kesehatan anak di Indonesia adalah pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) secara Eksklusif tanpa makanan tambahan selama 6 bulan. Berbagai penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian makanan prelakteal, terutama susu formula, dapat berpengaruh buruk pada durasi dan eksklusifitas pemberian ASI.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan pemberian susu formula sebagai makanan prelakteal bagi bayi di Indonesia dengan analisis lanjutan dari data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010. Metode penelitian disesuaikan dengan metode Riskesdas 2010, yakni kros seksional, dengan total sampel 5562 Ibu di Indonesia yang memiliki anak terakhir berusia 0-23 bulan pada saat dilakukan wawancara.Prevalensi pemberian susu formula sebagai makanan prelakteal untuk bayi di Indonesia sebesar 34,1%. Pemberian susu formula sebagai makanan prelakteal berhubungan dengan pekerjaan ibu PR 1,1 (p-value 0,03), pendidikan ibu PR 1,4 (p-value <0,001), jumlah anak yang dimiliki PR 1,2 (<0,001), pengeluaran keluarga 1,3 (p-value <0,001), dan tempat tinggal 1,3 (p-value <0,001), usia kehamilan PR 1,4 (p-value <0,001), jenis persalinan PR 1,5 (p-value <0,001), berat badan lahir PR 1,3 (p-value 0,003), dan komplikasi persalinan PR 1,1 (p-value <0,001), jenis tempat persalinan PR 1,5 (p-value <0,001) dan penolong persalinan PR 2,1 (p-value <0,001).Perlu dilakukan pencerdasan bagi tenaga kesehatan agar tidak mendukung pemberian susu formula sebelum bayi mendapatkan ASI dan tenaga kesehatan diharapkan lebih mendukung ibu untuk dapat memberikan ASI secara eksklusif selama 6 bulan. Selain itu, para ibu juga perlu dibekali pengetahuan mengenai menyusui sebagai hak ibu dan anak, sehingga pemberian makanan prelakteal berupa susu formula dapat dicegah.

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As recommended by WHO and UNICEF, key to improving the health of children in Indonesia is exclusive breastfeeding is with no additional food for 6 months. Various studies have shown that prelacteal feeding , especially infant formula, may adversely affect the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding.This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with formula feeding as food for infants in Indonesia prelakteal with further analysis of the data of Health Research (Riskesdas) 2010. Research method is adapted to the method Riskesdas 2010, which is cross-sectional, with a total sample of 5562 mother in Indonesia, who has the last child aged 0-23 months at the time of the interview.The prevalence of formula feeding as prelacteal food for infants in Indonesia is 34.1%. Formula feeding as food prelakteal is associated with maternal occupational PR 1.1 (p-value 0.03), maternal education PR 1.4 (p-value <0.001), the number of children who owned PR 1.2 (<0.001), family expenses 1.3 (p-value <0.001), and shelter 1.3 (p-value <0.001), gestational age PR 1.4 (p-value <0.001), type of delivery PR 1.5 (p-value <0.001), birth weight PR 1.3 (p-value 0.003), and complications of childbirth PR 1.1 (p-value <0.001), type of delivery place PR 1.5 (p-value <0.001) and childbirth helper PR 2.1 (p-value <0.001).Need to empower health professionals to not support formula feeding before the baby is getting milk and more health professionals are expected to be able to support mothers to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Furthermore, mothers need to know that breastfeeding is mother and baby’s right. So, formula feeding as prelacteal food can be prevented.

Abstrak: Nama : Sri Ulfa Alriani Program Studi : Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persalinan sectio caesarea darurat di Indonesia tahun 2012-2017 (analisis data SDKI 2017) Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. dr. Ratna Djuwita, M.Ph. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persalinan sectio caesarea berdasarkan analisis data SDKI 2017. Sampel 18.164 wanita usia subur 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak dalam periode 5 tahun terakhir sebelum survei dilaksanakan. Hasil akhir analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan cox regression didapatkan variabel-variabel yang berhubungan dengan persalinan sectio caesarea darurat yaitu umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, wilayah tempat tinggal, status ekonomi, kehamilan kembar, jarak kelahiran, ukuran bayi, paritas, kepemilikan JKN, komplikasi kehamilan (perdarahan, muntah dan baal di bagian wajah, ketuban pecah sebelum waktunya, hipertensi dan hipotensi pada masa kehamilan), dan komplikasi persalinan (ketuban pecah 6 jam sebelum bayi lahir, dan tidak kuat mengejan). Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan persalinan SC darurat di Indonesia pada tahun 2012-2017 adalah hipertensi atau hipotensi pada masa kehamilan dengan p value 0,000 dan PR=2,76. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, persalinan sectio caesarea darurat Determinants Related to Emergency Caesarean Delivery in Indonesia 2012-2017 (Analysis of 2017 IDHS Data) Abstract This study aims to determine the factors associated with caesarean sectio delivery based on analysis of the 2017 IDHS data. Sample 18,164 women of childbearing age 15-49 years who gave birth to children in the last 5 years before the survey was conducted. The final results of multivariate analysis using cox regression found variables related to emergency caesarean delivery are maternal age, maternal education, area of residence, economic status, multiple pregnancies, birth interval, baby size, parity, JKN ownership, pregnancy complications ( bleeding, vomiting and numbness in the face, premature rupture of membranes, hypertension and hypotension during pregnancy), and complications of labor (water broke early 6 hours before the baby is born, and not pushing strongly). The most dominant factor related to emergency caesarean delivery in Indonesia in 2012-2017 was hypertension or hypotension during pregnancy with a p value of 0,000 and PR = 2.76. Keyword : emergency caesarean; hypertenstion during pregnancy Determinants Related to Emergency Caesarean Delivery in Indonesia 2012-2017 (Analysis of 2017 IDHS Data) Abstract This study aims to determine the factors associated with caesarean sectio delivery based on analysis of the 2017 IDHS data. Sample 18,164 women of childbearing age 15-49 years who gave birth to children in the last 5 years before the survey was conducted. The final results of multivariate analysis using cox regression found variables related to emergency caesarean delivery are maternal age, maternal education, area of residence, economic status, multiple pregnancies, birth interval, baby size, parity, JKN ownership, pregnancy complications ( bleeding, vomiting and numbness in the face, premature rupture of membranes, hypertension and hypotension during pregnancy), and complications of labor (water broke early 6 hours before the baby is born, and not pushing strongly). The most dominant factor related to emergency caesarean delivery in Indonesia in 2012-2017 was hypertension or hypotension during pregnancy with a p value of 0,000 and PR = 2.76. Keyword : emergency caesarean; hypertenstion during pregnancy Determinants Related to Emergency Caesarean Delivery in Indonesia 2012-2017 (Analysis of 2017 IDHS Data) Abstract This study aims to determine the factors associated with caesarean sectio delivery based on analysis of the 2017 IDHS data. Sample 18,164 women of childbearing age 15-49 years who gave birth to children in the last 5 years before the survey was conducted. The final results of multivariate analysis using cox regression found variables related to emergency caesarean delivery are maternal age, maternal education, area of residence, economic status, multiple pregnancies, birth interval, baby size, parity, JKN ownership, pregnancy complications ( bleeding, vomiting and numbness in the face, premature rupture of membranes, hypertension and hypotension during pregnancy), and complications of labor (water broke early 6 hours before the baby is born, and not pushing strongly). The most dominant factor related to emergency caesarean delivery in Indonesia in 2012-2017 was hypertension or hypotension during pregnancy with a p value of 0,000 and PR = 2.76. Keyword : emergency caesarean; hypertenstion during pregnancy