Ditemukan 36763 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Rendy Noor Salim; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Yuni Kusminanti
S-7007
Depok : FKM UI, 2012
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Mirza Saleh Khan; Pembimbing: Mila Tejamaya; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Mirsupi Usman
Abstrak:
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Tingginya tingkat penguapan dari benzene, toluene, dan xylene (BTX) dalam bensin membuat pekerja di stasiun pengisian bahan bakar umum (SPBU) berisiko tinggi terpajan BTX secara inhalasi. Adanya aktivitas pengisian bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor dan aktivitas pengisian tangki pendam (underground tank) membuat pekerja di SPBU berisiko tinggi kontak dengan bensin yang mengandung BTX secara dermal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai besarnya tingkat risiko kesehatan pada pekerja di SPBU X Beji Depok akibat pajanan BTX melalui rute pajanan inhalasi dan dermal. Design penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode CHRA dari DOSH Malaysia untuk menilai tingkat risiko kesehatan. Penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan inhalasi dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Sementara itu, penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan dermal dilakukan secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara terdapat 5 similar exposure group (SEG) untuk pajanan BTX secara inhalasi, yaitu Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, Operator Shift-3, Shift Leader, dan Supporting Team. Lalu, untuk pajanan BTX secara dermal terdapat 2 SEG, yaitu Operator dan Shift Leader. Untuk pajanan inhalasi benzene, SEG Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, dan Shift Leader memiliki tingkat risiko kesehatan tinggi (high risk), sedangkan SEG lainnya memiliki tingkat risiko moderat (moderate risk). Untuk pajanan aditif toluene dengan xylene secara inhalasi hanya SEG Operator Shift-3 yang memiliki tingkat risiko moderat (moderate risk), sedangkan SEG lainnya memiliki tingkat risiko rendah (low risk). Untuk pajanan secara dermal, kedua SEG memiliki tingkat risiko tinggi (high risk) akibat pajanan benzene, sedangkan akibat pajanan toluene dan xylene kedua SEG memiliki tingkat risiko moderat (moderate risk). Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah mengganti nozzle menjadi nozzle otomatis, memasang vapor recovery system, memasang rubber splash collars di sekitar nozzle, dan memberlakukan layanan self-service.
The high evaporation rate of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) in gasoline puts workers at public fuel stations (SPBU) at high risk of inhalation exposure to BTX. The existence of motor vehicle refueling activities and underground tank filling activities puts workers at high risk of dermal contact with BTX containing gasoline. This study aims to assess the level of health risk to workers at gas station X Beji Depok due to BTX exposure through inhalation and dermal exposure routes. The research design used was descriptive analysis using the CHRA method from DOSH Malaysia to assess the level of health risk. The health risk assessment of inhalation exposure route was done quantitatively. The health risk assessment of the dermal exposure route was carried out qualitatively. Based on observations and interviews, there are 5 similar exposure groups (SEG) for BTX inhalation exposure, namely Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, Operator Shift-3, Shift Leader, and Supporting Team. Then, for dermal BTX exposure, there are 2 SEG, namely Operator and Shift Leader. For benzene inhalation exposure, the SEG of Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, and Shift Leader have a high health risk level, while the other SEG have a moderate risk level. For inhalation exposure to toluene additive with xylene, only the SEG of Operator Shift-3 have a moderate risk level, while the other SEG have a low risk level. For dermal exposure, both SEG have a high risk level due to benzene exposure, while due to toluene and xylene exposure both SEG have a moderate risk level. Recommendations are to change the nozzle to an automatic nozzle, install a vapor recovery system, install rubber splash collars around the nozzle, and implement self-service.
S-11744
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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RD Ruli Dananjaya; Pembimbing: Hendra; Penguji: L. Meily Kurniawidjaja, Puji Supriyono
S-6671
Depok : FKM-UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Adji Swandito; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Heny D. Mayawati, Budiawan, Elsye As Safira
Abstrak:
Pekerja kontraktor bahan kimia di perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi PT. XYZ merupakan populasi berisiko terhadap pajanan Benzena disebabkan oleh aktifitas dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang memungkinkan terpajan oleh uap Benzena. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan tingkat risiko nonkarsinogenik dan karsinogenik disertai dengan analisis kemungkinan ketidaknormalan kadar darah akibat pajanan Benzena, untuk kemudian ditentukan manajemen risiko yang harus dilakukan. Penelitian merupakan studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap seluruh pekerja kontraktor bahan kimia di PT. XYZ yang berjumlah 22 orang ditambah dengan 22 orang sebagai pembanding dipilih dari karyawan perusahaan PT. XYZ pada lokasi yang sama.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi pekerja bahan kimia di PT. XYZ berisiko terhadap pajanan Benzena nonkarsinogenik (RQ = 1,7442) dan karsinogenik (ECR = 1,76 x 10-4) pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Diketahui hubungan yang bermakna antara pajanan Benzena terhadap normalitas kadar hemoglobin (p = 0,015) dan eritrosit (p = 0,000). Risiko ketidaknormalan kadar hemoglobin dan eritrosit berturut-turut pada populasi terpajan adalah 6,92 kali (95% CI:1,28?37,29) dan 21,53 kali (95% CI:4,46?103,90) dibandingkan populasi tidak terpajan. Selain itu juga diketahui hubungan yang signifikan antara kenaikan jumlah asupan Benzena terhadap penurunan kadar haemoglobin (rs = -0,433; p = 0,044) dan eritrosit (rs = -0,474; p = 0,026).
Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan nonkarsinogenik dan karsinogenik akibat pajanan Benzena pada populasi pekerja bahan kimia di perusahaan minyak dan gas PT. XYZ akan terjadi pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Terdapat hubungan antara pajanan Benzena dengan ketidaknormalan hemoglobin dan eritrosit.
Chemical contractor worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ is a population at risk to Benzene exposure due to its activities and work environment condition that possibly exposed by Benzene vapour. This research is aimed to estimate noncarsinogenic and carsinogenic risk level, complemented with blood counts abnormality analysisdue to Benzene exposure, then determining risk management shall be done. The research is cross sectional study was done to all chemical contractor worker at PT. XYZ, consist of 22 person, and additional 22 person as a control was selected from employee of PT. XYZ working at the same location. The research yield that chemical worker population at PT. XYZ is at risk to the noncarsinogenic (RQ = 1.7442) and carsinogenic (ECR = 1.76 x 10-4) Benzene exposure at the lifetime exposure duration.
Its known that there is a correlation between Benzene exposure with normality of haemoglobin (p = 0.015) and erythrocytes (p = 0.000). The risk of abnormality haemoglobin and erythrocytes counts is 6.92 times (95% CI:1.28?37.29) dan 21.53 times (95% CI:4.46?103.90) respectively compare to the non exposed population. In addition, its identified that there is a significant correlation between increased Benzene intake to the haemoglobin (rs = -0.433; p = 0.044) and erythrocytes (rs = -0.474; p = 0.026) counts reduction.
In summary noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk due to Benzene exposure in the population of chemical worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ will occure at the lifetime exposure duration. There is a correlation between Benzene exposure with abnormality of haemoglobin and erythrocytes.
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Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi pekerja bahan kimia di PT. XYZ berisiko terhadap pajanan Benzena nonkarsinogenik (RQ = 1,7442) dan karsinogenik (ECR = 1,76 x 10-4) pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Diketahui hubungan yang bermakna antara pajanan Benzena terhadap normalitas kadar hemoglobin (p = 0,015) dan eritrosit (p = 0,000). Risiko ketidaknormalan kadar hemoglobin dan eritrosit berturut-turut pada populasi terpajan adalah 6,92 kali (95% CI:1,28?37,29) dan 21,53 kali (95% CI:4,46?103,90) dibandingkan populasi tidak terpajan. Selain itu juga diketahui hubungan yang signifikan antara kenaikan jumlah asupan Benzena terhadap penurunan kadar haemoglobin (rs = -0,433; p = 0,044) dan eritrosit (rs = -0,474; p = 0,026).
Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan nonkarsinogenik dan karsinogenik akibat pajanan Benzena pada populasi pekerja bahan kimia di perusahaan minyak dan gas PT. XYZ akan terjadi pada durasi pajanan lifetime. Terdapat hubungan antara pajanan Benzena dengan ketidaknormalan hemoglobin dan eritrosit.
Chemical contractor worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ is a population at risk to Benzene exposure due to its activities and work environment condition that possibly exposed by Benzene vapour. This research is aimed to estimate noncarsinogenic and carsinogenic risk level, complemented with blood counts abnormality analysisdue to Benzene exposure, then determining risk management shall be done. The research is cross sectional study was done to all chemical contractor worker at PT. XYZ, consist of 22 person, and additional 22 person as a control was selected from employee of PT. XYZ working at the same location. The research yield that chemical worker population at PT. XYZ is at risk to the noncarsinogenic (RQ = 1.7442) and carsinogenic (ECR = 1.76 x 10-4) Benzene exposure at the lifetime exposure duration.
Its known that there is a correlation between Benzene exposure with normality of haemoglobin (p = 0.015) and erythrocytes (p = 0.000). The risk of abnormality haemoglobin and erythrocytes counts is 6.92 times (95% CI:1.28?37.29) dan 21.53 times (95% CI:4.46?103.90) respectively compare to the non exposed population. In addition, its identified that there is a significant correlation between increased Benzene intake to the haemoglobin (rs = -0.433; p = 0.044) and erythrocytes (rs = -0.474; p = 0.026) counts reduction.
In summary noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk due to Benzene exposure in the population of chemical worker at the oil and gas company PT. XYZ will occure at the lifetime exposure duration. There is a correlation between Benzene exposure with abnormality of haemoglobin and erythrocytes.
T-4436
Depok : FKM UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Luthfiyyah Mufidah; Pembimbing: Mila Tejamaya; Penguji: Hendra, Mulyadi
Abstrak:
ABSTRAK Risiko terkait keselamatan dan kesehatan tidak hanya mengancam siswa, melainkan dapat terjadi pada karyawan sekolah. Penilaian yang salah tentang risiko akan menyebabkan pengambilan keputusan yang tidak sesuai dan memicu tindakan tidak aman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menilai persepsi karyawan sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Beji Depok terhadap risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja berdasarkan paradigma psikometrik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif berdesain cross sectional dengan jumlah responden yang terlibat sebanyak 199 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan paradigma voluntarines, risiko yang tidak bisa diterima secara sukarela adalah adanya tindak kekerasan dari murid ataupun orang tua. Berdasarkan paradigma immediacy effect, risiko yang memiliki efek segera adalah risiko terpeleset. Berdasarkan paradigma knowledge in experience, risiko yang sering dialami adalah kelelahan mata. Berdasarkan paradigma knowledge in science, risiko yang belum diketahui secara ilmu pengetahuan adalah terkena bahan berbahaya. Berdasarkan paradigma controllability, risiko yang tidak bisa dikendalikan adalah bencana alam. Berdasarkan paradigma newness, risiko yang baru diketahui adalah terkena bahan berbahaya. Berdasarkan paradigma chronic/catastrophic, risiko yang memiliki efek katastropik adalah bencana alam. Berdasarkan paradigma common/dread, risiko yang jarang terjadi dan membuat takut adalah bencana alam. Terakhir berdasarkan paradigma severity of consequence, risiko yang memiliki efek fatal adalah kebakaran dan bencana alam. Maka dari itu, perlu diadakan pelatihan khususnya terkait bencana alam untuk menambah pengetahuan karyawan sekolah. Kata kunci: Paradigma Psikometrik, Persepsi Risiko, Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Keselamatan Sekolah, Sekolah Dasar Safety and health risks are not only threatening to students, but can occur in school employees. A false assessment of risk leads to inappropriate decision making and unsafe act or human error. The purpose of this study was to assess risk perception of occupational safety and health on primary school employees in Beji Depok sub-district based on psychometric paradigm. The design of this study used a descriptive quantitative method with a cross sectional approach and the number of respondents involved as many as 199 people. The results of this study show that based on the voluntarines paradigm, the risk that can not be accepted voluntarily is the presence of violence from students or parents. Based on the immediacy effect paradigm, the risk that has an immediate effect is the risk of slipping. Based on the paradigm of knowledge in experience, the risk is often experienced eye fatigue. Based on the knowledge in science paradigm, the risks not yet known in science are exposed to hazardous materials. Based on the controllability paradigm, the uncontrollable risk is a natural disaster. Based on the newness paradigm, the newly discovered risk is exposed to hazardous materials. Based on the chronic / catastrophic paradigm, the risk of having a catastrophic effect is a natural disaster. Based on the common / dread paradigm, the risks that are rare and frightening are natural disasters. Last based on the severity of consequence paradigm, the risks that have a fatal effect are fires and natural disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct training especially related to natural disasters to increase knowledge of school employees. Key words: Risk Peceptions, Occupational Health and Safety Risks, Psychometric Paradigms, School Safety Elementary School.
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S-9809
Depok : FKM-UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Analisis Faktor Risiko Psikososial Pada Karyawan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Di Universitas X Tahun 2022
Ira Risnawati; Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Hendra, Decy Situngkir, Ahmad Irfandi
Abstrak:
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Bahaya psikososial di tempat kerja adalah interaksi antara lingkungan kerja, job content, kondisi organisasi dengan kapasitas, kebutuhan, budaya, pertimbangan personal pekerja yang berpotensi mempengaruhi kesehatan, performa kerja dan kepuasan kerja. Risiko psikososial di tempat kerja berdampak pada kesehatan fisik, mental dan sosial para pekerja. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis faktor psikososial yang berhubungan terhadap tingkat risiko psikososial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas X pada karyawan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2022. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan sampel 188 responden. Data risiko psikososial diambil menggunakan instrumen Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale of COVID- 19 (PSS-10-C), data factor psikososial diambil menggunakan kuesioner yang telah melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas menggunakan instrumen COPSOQ III dan NIOSH Generic Job Questionnaire. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pada arena rumah dan sosial tidak terdapat variabel yang signifikan dengan tingkat risiko psikososial. Pada arena individu terdapat usia yang berhubungan signifikan terhadap tingkat risiko psikososial. Pada arena kerja variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan tingkat risiko psikososial adalah masa kerja, pola WFH, beban kerja, konflik peran, ketidakjelasan peran, job insecurity, work life balance. Variabel yang paling berhubungan adalah pola WFH, konflik peran, dan work life balance.
Psychosocial hazards in the workplace are interactions between the work environment, job content, organizational conditions with capacities, needs, culture, and personal considerations of workers that have the potential to affect health, work performance and job satisfaction. Psychosocial risks in the workplace have an impact on the physical, mental and social health of workers. The purpose of this study is to analyze psychosocial factors related to the level of psychosocial risk. This research was conducted at University X on employees in January-May 2022. This research is quantitative using a cross sectional study design with a sample of 188 respondents. Psychosocial risk data was taken using the Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale of COVID-19 (PSS-10-C) instrument, psychosocial factor data was taken using a questionnaire that had passed the validity and reliability test using the COPSOQ III instrument and the NIOSH Generic Job Questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that in the home and social arenas there are no significant variables with the level of psychosocial risk. In the individual arena, age is significantly associated with the level of psychosocial risk. In the work arena, the variables that are significantly related to the level of psychosocial risk are years of service, WFH pattern, workload, role conflict, role ambiguity, job insecurity, work life balance. The most related variables are WFH pattern, role conflict, and work life balance.
T-6485
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Franciskus Hutasoit; Pembimbing: Chandra Satrya; Penguji: Robiana Modjo, Ellen Happy Forever
S-6755
Depok : FKM UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Yudi Handradika; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Budiawan, Heni D. Mayawati, Elsye As Safira
Abstrak:
Pekerja di lapangan migas, khususnya di lepas pantai memiliki risiko yangtinggi terhadap pajanan BTX di area kerja. Pajanan bersumber dari aktifitas yanglangsung bersentuhan dengan uap dan gas hidrokarbon yang sifatnya mudahmenguap pada suhu kamar (Volatile organic compounds - VOC) sehinggamemungkinkan terhisap oleh para pekerja dan menimbulkan efek kesehatan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan tingkat risiko nonkarsinogenik dankarsinogenik dari Pajanan BTX terhadap pekerja lepas pantai beserta manajemenrisiko yang harus dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintangmenggunakan pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL) yangmeliputi 4 langkah penting: identifikasi bahaya, analisis dosis-respon, analisispajanan dan karakterisasi risiko. Jumlah sampel berupa 95 orang pekerja tetap diperusahaan hulu migas X. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara danpengukuran langsung, tingkat risiko dihitung dengan cara membagi asupandengan dosis referensi BTX. Sebagai pembanding (control) dilakukan jugaperhitungan terhadap 7 orang pekerja lepas pantai yang bekerja hanya di kantor(office). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan risiko pajanan benzene non karsinogenikharus diwaspadai bagi pekerja lepas pantai dimana dari perhitungan diketahuinilai RQ (Risk Quotient) yang lebih dari satu baik untuk pajanan realtime (ada21,05% pekerja) maupun pajanan lifetime (61,05% pekerja). Sementara untukrisiko pajanan non karsinogenik dari toluene dan xylene termasuk rendah. Iniditunjukkan dari hasil perhitungan RQ untuk realtime maupun lifetime yangsemuanya (100%) bernilai kurang dari satu (RQ <1). Untuk risiko kesehatanpajanan karsinogenik benzene, diperoleh bahwa 20% pekerja lepas pantaimemiliki efek karsinogenik pada pajanan realtime dan 60% pekerja pada pajananlifetime. Disimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan manajemen risiko terhadap pajanansenyawa benzene di lingkungan kerja lepas pantai, agar pekerja terhindar daririsiko kesehatan baik risiko nonkarsinogenik dan risiko karsinogenik jangkapanjang.
Kata kunci:Analisis Risiko, BTX, Pekerja Lepas Pantai
This research has objective to predict carsinogenic and non carcinogeniceffect of BTX exposure to offshore workers and the risk management required. Itis cross sectional study which utilize the environmental health risk assessmentapproach. Sample consists of 95 offshore workers in upstream oil and gascompany X. research data is compiled from direct interview and companymeasurement data. As a control, 7 administrative workers are involved incalculation. The result of this research is non carcinogenic exposure of benzenemust become a high concern which has risk quotient - RQ 21.05% at realtimeexposure and 61.05% at lifetime exposure. There is little risk related to tolueneand xylene. Its respectively RQ is lower than 1 for both of them. For carcinogenichealth risk of benzene, 20% of offshore workers and 60% of offshore workers hascarcinogenic effect to their health risk.It can be concluded that risk management isrequired for being applied in order to minimize the benzene health effect tooffshore workers.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, BTX, Offshore worker.
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Kata kunci:Analisis Risiko, BTX, Pekerja Lepas Pantai
This research has objective to predict carsinogenic and non carcinogeniceffect of BTX exposure to offshore workers and the risk management required. Itis cross sectional study which utilize the environmental health risk assessmentapproach. Sample consists of 95 offshore workers in upstream oil and gascompany X. research data is compiled from direct interview and companymeasurement data. As a control, 7 administrative workers are involved incalculation. The result of this research is non carcinogenic exposure of benzenemust become a high concern which has risk quotient - RQ 21.05% at realtimeexposure and 61.05% at lifetime exposure. There is little risk related to tolueneand xylene. Its respectively RQ is lower than 1 for both of them. For carcinogenichealth risk of benzene, 20% of offshore workers and 60% of offshore workers hascarcinogenic effect to their health risk.It can be concluded that risk management isrequired for being applied in order to minimize the benzene health effect tooffshore workers.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, BTX, Offshore worker.
T-4438
Depok : FKM UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Delfina Siagian; pembimbing: Sjahrul Meizar Nasri; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Devie Fitri Octaviani
S-8285
Depok : FKM UI, 2014
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Putri Noer Haliza; Pembimbing: Mila Tejamaya; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, M. Rifki Al Ikhsan
Abstrak:
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Pekerja pada unit produksi minyak dan gas bumi berisiko terpajan berbagai bahaya kimia. Salah satu komponen bahan kimia dari minyak bumi adalah volatile organic compounds (VOC), dengan contoh bahan yang terkenal akan toksisitasnya adalah benzene, toluene dan xylene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan terkait pajanan benzene, toluene dan xylene pekerja kilang minyak san gas di PT. X. Penelitian ini menganalisis data sekunder pajanan personal BTX melalui rute inhalasi menggunakan active sampler. Dengan menggunakan metode Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) dari Department of Safety and Health, Malaysia ditemukan bahwa risiko pajanan benzene pada SEG CDU (crude distillation unit) terkategori risiko sangat tinggi. Untuk pajanan toluene dan xylene berada pada tingkat risiko kesehatan rendah pada hampir seluruh SEG. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperlukan pengendalian yang tepat untuk mengatasi pajanan benzene, toluene dan xylene. Salah satu pengendalian yang direkomendasikan adalah meningkatkan konsistensi penggunaan alat pelindung diri, monitoring pajanan secara kontinu, melaksanakan biomonitoring dan pemeriksaan sel darah tepi.
Workers in oil and gas production units are at risk of exposure to various chemical hazards. One of the chemical components of petroleum is volatile organic compounds (VOC), with examples of materials known for their toxicity being benzene, toluene and xylene. This study aims to analyze health risks related to exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene of oil and gas refinery workers at PT. X. This study analyzes secondary data on personal exposure to BTX via the inhalation route using an active sampler. Using the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) method from the Department of Safety and Health, Malaysia, it was found that the risk of benzene exposure in the SEG CDU (crude distillation unit) was categorized as very high risk. Exposure to toluene and xylene is at a low health risk level in almost all SEGs. Based on the research results, appropriate control is needed to overcome exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene. One of the recommended controls is increasing the consistent use of personal protective equipment, continuous monitoring of exposure, carrying out biomonitoring and examining peripheral blood cells.
S-11650
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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