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HIV/AIDS has became a major health problem among Jakarta’s population. To cope with this problem, many VCT clinics has been established in Jakarta, one of which is Gambir VCT Clinic. This research was conducted using cross-sectional method by using entries from Gambir VCT clinic’s forms between January-December 2011. There was 95 clients from the entries, from which, 20 clients got HIV positive status. There is no significant association between HIV test result and age, education, work status, client status, reason for testing, and history of testing. The factors associated with HIV test result are: male(PR= 4,6, 95% CI= 1,67-12,84), has not married(PR= 3, 95% CI=1,39-6,62), IDUs(PR= 5,9, 95% CI= 2,51-13,81), sharing needles in past 6 months PR= 2,8, 95% CI= 1,31-6,13), got the information of testing from field officers(PR= 2,5, 95% CI= 1,18-5,27), having unsafe sex in past 6 months(PR= 0,22, 95% CI=0,1-0,49), and got the information of testing from doctors/midwives(PR= 0,39, 95% CI= 0,18-0,85). From those results, it is recommended to improve the recording and counseling system in the VCT clinic and also the health promotion regarding HIV/AIDS in Jakarta, it is also necessary to consider doing an advanced research with better design and more valid analysis to eliminate the probability of bias and confounding.
ABSTRAK Prevalensi HIV pada populasi umum di Tanah Papua telah mencapai 2,4 persen dan jalur penularan utama melalui hubungan seksual. Hal ini didukung dengan tingginya perilaku seksual berisiko yang terjadi di tengah masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia pertama kali berhubungan seks dengan risiko terinfeksi HIV pada klien klinik VCT RSUD Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah kasus-kontrol dengan jumlah sampel 180 orang. Populasi studi adalah mereka yang berusia 15 tahun keatas, berisiko secara seksual, dan bukan pekerja seks komersial. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan juni 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mereka yang melakukan hubungan seks pertama pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun berisiko 1,36 kali (95%CI: 0,63-2,98) untuk terinfeksi HIV dibanding yang melakukannya pada usia 20 tahun atau lebih, meskipun hubungannya tidak signifikan. Variabel lain yang berhubungan secara signifikan adalah mereka yang memiliki pasangan seks dua atau lebih, pasangan tidak tahu apakah pasangannya memiliki pasangan seks lain (OR 3,23), dan tidak pernah menggunakan kondom (OR 6,45), serta berstatus kawin atau cerai (OR 3,00). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan masukkan bagi stakeholders di Manokwari dalam mencarikan solusi terkait fenomena yang terjadi.
Abstract HIV prevalence in the general population in Papua has reached into 2.4 percent and the main route of transmission was through sexual intercourse. This situation is supported by the high risk sexual behavior that often occurs in the community. The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between age at first sex with the risk of HIV infection in VCT clinic clients Manokwari Hospital West Papua provinci. This study used case control design with total sample of 180 respondents. The inclusion criteria of the sample were those aged 15 years or older, sexually active, non-commercial sex workers. The data was recruited in June 2012. The result shows that those who had first sex at the aged of 20 years or less had 1.36 times risk of HIV infection (95% CI: 0.63-2.98) than those who did at age 20 years old or more, although the correlation was not significant. Variables that significantly correlated to risk of HIV infection were those who had 2 or more sexual partners, the couple who do not know that their partner had other sexual partners (OR 3.23), and never using condoms (OR 6.45), and also those who are married or divorced. This study is expected to be endorsed to stakeholders in Manokwari in order to find problem solving related to the phenomena.
Penyakit tuberkulosis (TBC) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang cukup besar yang sedang dihadapi Indonesia, karena jumlah penderitanya menduduki urutan ketiga di dunia. Pengobatan yang dimulai segera merupakan tindakan yang penting dalam program penanganan TBC yang efektif. Keterlambatan pengobatan TBC atau ketidaktepatan waktu memulai pengobatan oleh penderita TBC setelah didiagnosis BTA positif dapat menyebabkan keparahan dan kematian penderita TBC, memperpanjang transmisi dan dapat meperluas penyebaran penyakit ke komunitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proporsi ketidaktepatan waktu memulai pengobatan oleh penderita TBC paru setelah didiagnosis BTA positif, dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidaktepatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang, dilakukan dari 1 Januari 2007 ? 23 Desember 2008 di Kecamatan Ciracas. Ketidaktepatan berdasarkan form TB 01 dari penderita TBC paru baru BTA positif yang teregistrasi di Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciracas dan Puskesmas Kelurahan Ciracas. Ketidaktepatan didefinisikan sebagai waktu pengambilan OAT oleh penderita dalam atau lebih dari 1 (satu) hari, yang dihitung dari tanggal hasil pemeriksaan dahak akhir sampai pertama kali mengambil OAT. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan ketidaktepatan tersebut dianalisis dari perspektif penderita yang diperoleh melalui wawancara penderita dengan kuisioner terstruktur. Untuk menganalisis faktor risiko yang berhubungan bermakna secara statistik digunakan metoda statistik regresi logistik. Sejumlah 286 penderita TBC paru baru BTA positif (165 orang pria dan 121 orang wanita) telah berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Dari penelitian didapatkan 57,7% yang mengalami ketidaktepatan, dengan rata-rata dan median waktu ketidaktepatan berturut-turut 3,29 hari dan 2 hari. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor kelamin, umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, akses ke Pelayanan kesehatan, anggapan pasien terhadap penyakit dan pengetahuan tentang TBC dengan ketidaktepatan. Dengan analisis multivariat diperoleh faktor socioekonomi dan anjuran berobat merupakan faktor risiko yang berhubungan bermakna dengan ketidaktepatan. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan terdapat 57,7% penderita TBC paru baru BTA positif yang memulai pengobatan dalam atau lebih dari 1 hari setelah pemeriksaan dahak dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian tersebut adalah sosioekonomi dan anjuran berobat.
Tuberculosis (TB) disease remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, which is the third highest burden of TB globally. Immediate initiation of treatment are essential for an effective tuberculosis (TB) control program. A delay of TB treatment commencement is significant to both disease prognosis at individual level and transmission within the community. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of TB patients who had delayed in treatment commencement after diagnosis, and to analyze the factors affecting the delay. A Cross sectional study was conducted from 1 January 2007 to 23 December 2008 in Ciracas district. The study was based on TB 01 form of registered patients in Primary health center of Ciracas district and Ciracas sub district. A delayed treatment was defined as time interval between diagnosis and start of DOTS treatment attained within or more than 1 days. Associated risk factors of treatment delay was analyzed from patient perspective. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Logistics regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors of the delay. A total of 286 newly smear positive diagnosed pulmonary TB patients (165 males and 121 females) participated in this study. Approximately 57.7% of patients were treated within and more than 1 days after sputum diagnosed. The mean and median delayed treatment were 3.29 days and 2 days, respectively. No significant association was found between delayed treatment and sex, age, education, occupation, access to Primary health center, perceived of disease and TB knowledge. However, using the multivariate analysis, socio-economic and treatment advice were significant risk factors for delayed treatment. To sum up, there are 57.7% newly smear positive diagnosed pulmonary TB patients who treated within and more than 1 days after sputum diagnosed. Socio-economic and treatment advice were the associated risk factors.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis situasi masalah kesehatan, jumlah kasus diare di Kabupaten Kebumen dalam lima tahun terakhir menunjukan tren yang meningkat, dan dilihat dari angka kasus dan CFR diare masih sangat tinggi. Kemudian dari hasil evaluasi sistem surveilans diare diperoleh bahwa pelaksanaan sistem surveilans diare di Kabupaten Kebumen belum berjalan optimal, ini terlihat dari hasil persentase ketepatan waktu laporan mingguan diare tahun 2009 baru mencapai 20%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor motivasi petugas terhadap timeliness laporan mingguan diare. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 35 responden (total populasi). Faktor motivasi yang diteliti adalah motivasi intrinsik (pengetahuan, pendidikan, lama bertugas), dan motivasi ekstrinsik (insentif, fasilitas, tugas rangkap, sistem pelaporan, kumpulan bidan desa, SK Tim KLB, dan pelatihan). Hasil penelitian pada 35 responden diperoleh sebanyak 21 (60%) responden yang pengiriman laporan mingguan diare dari bulan Januari s/d Juni 2010 tidak tepat waktu (terlambat). Faktor-faktor motivasi yang berpengaruh terhadap timeliness laporan mingguan diare adalah beban tugas rangkap (OR=19,06; p=0,015; CI=1,771-205,139), tingkat pengetahuan (OR=15,92; p=0,02; CI=1,485170,750), dan sistem pelaporan (OR=5,72; p=0,064; CI=0,902-36,238). Kata Kunci : Timeliness, Motivasi, Intrinsik, Ekstrinsik, Diare.
Based on the results of situational analysis of health problems at Kebumen Distric, the number of cases of diarrhea shows increased at Kebumen in the last five years. Recently its the morbidity and mortality rate were still high. Mean while results of diarrhea surveillance system evaluation shows that performance of diarrhea surveillance system at Kebumen not optimal. Such as timely weekly reports of diarrhea in 2009 reached 20% (target ≥ 80%). This study aims to determine the relationship between motivation of surveilance officers and timeliness in diarrhea surveillance. This study uses cross sectional study design with a total sample of 35 respondents (total population). Motivation factors study were group in to intrinsic motivation (knowledge, education, length of duty), and extrinsic motivation (incentives, facilities, work loads, the reporting system, midwives meeting, decree of outbreaks team, and training). The results shows 21 (60%) respondents are sending weekly reports of diarrhea from January to June 2010 does not on time . Motivation factors which assosiated with timeliness diarrhea weekly reports are work loads (OR = 19.06; p=0,015; CI=1,771-205,139), knowledge (OR = 15.92; p=0,022; CI=1,485-170,750), and electronic reporting systems (OR=5.72; p=0,064; CI=0,902-36,238). Keywords : Timeliness, Motivation, Intrinsic, Exstrinsic, Diarrhea.
The succesful of TB patient treatment most depends on patient compliance in
treatment process in term of medication regurally, cure, and repeated
laboratorium confirmation test. Failer in treatment could lead into multi drug
resistant. Hence, monitoring patient contracting the disease in early stages can
help to predict that dotb motivator roles very important. The focus of this study
is to understanding the influence of Muhammadiayh Aisyiyah TB motivator
activities in the patient compliance in treatment process at early stages. This
study takes place at koja and cilincing sub district, North Jakarta starts from
januari 2009 to mei 2010. The research method is using restrosfective cohort.
The subject of study group divides into two groups. One group accompanied
with TB motivators and another without TB motivators. The subject comes from
the same register. . Sample selected by total sampling with a total of 110 patiens.
Data analysis was descriptive, bi-variate, stratification and causal model by
multivariate. Exellent TB motivators in TB treatment process have a bigger
proportion (77,9%) than fair TB motivator (57,14%). Each motivator has a
relationship with compliance for example promoting, counseling, PMO, and
motivator assistance. Multivariate analysis result gives an information the
relationship between motivator role and high compliance treatment after
controlling confounding variables such as age and knowledge. An excellent
motivator has 2,11 times to increase compliance compare with fair motivator
(95% CI 0,87 – 5.11)
Keywords: Motivator, TB, Compliance,