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ABSTRAK Nama : Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program Studi : Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Asosiasi Pajanan Benzene Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin (Studi Pada Pekerja Laki-Laki Di Industri Sepatu Informal Cibaduyut, Jawa Barat) xvi + 85 halaman, 16 tabel, 9 gambar Benzene merupakan senyawa yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Dampak nonkarsinogenik yang diakibatkan diantaranya anemia dan pensitopenia. Pada pajanan benzene ditingkat rendah, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dampak hematologi. Kadar hemoglobin merupakan salah satu parameter awal yang digunakan untuk mengetahui dampak hematologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengtahui asosiasi pajanan benzene terhadap kadar hemoglobin. hasil penelitian. Metode penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel mengggunakan cluster satu tingkat. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 71 pekerja laki-laki responden. Pengukuran benzene menggunakan metode NIOSH 1501, pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan automated hematlogy analyzer. Lama kerja, usia, status merokok, konsumsi alkohol dan riwayat infeksi diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pajanan benzene adalah 0,34 ppm dan kadar hemoglobin pekerja laki-laki adalah15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pajanan benzene ≤ 0,50 ppm adalah 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) dan pada pajanan benzene 0,51 – 1 ppm adalah g/dL 15.55 (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Pekerja dengan lama kerja lebih dari 6 tahun memiliki kadar hemoglobin lebih rendah 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13) dibandingkan pekerja dengan lama kerja kurang dari 6 tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pajanan benzene di bawah 1 ppm tidak ada asosiasi yang signifikan terhadap kadar hemoglobin, namun pekerja terdapat indikasi bahwa durasi pajanan yang diukur dengan lama kerja berasosiasi dengan penurunan hemoglobin. Kata kunci: benzene, hemoglobin, pekerja laki-laki
ABSTRACT Name : Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program of Study : Master of Public Health Title of Thesis : Association of benzene exposures and hemoglobin (Study among the footware male workers in Cibaduyut West Java) xvi + 85 pages, 16 tables, 9 pictures Benzene is one of the chemical substances which can cause some health effect. Noncarcinogenics effect can caused by benzene is anemia and pancytopenia. Benzene at lower concentrations have is conflicting evidence on potential hematological effects. Hemoglobin is one of hematological paramaters of hematological effects. The purpose of this study to explain association benzene exposure and effect of hemoglobin. Cross sectional study design was used, and 71 male workers selected by cluster random sampling. Benzene measurement used NIOSH 1501 method and hemoglobin measurement used by automated hematalogy analyzer. Confounding factors such as work duration, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and history of infection measurements by questionnares. The results showed that means of benzene exposure is 0,34 ppm and means of hemoglobin is 15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Statistical analysis showed that means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure ≤ 0,50 ppm is 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) and means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure 0,51 - 1 ppm is 15.55 g/dL (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Male-workers that work duration more than 6 yearshave decreased of hemoglobin 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13). The conclution is benzene exposure below 1 ppm statistically not association with hemoglobin. However long-time exposure of benzene that measure with work duration statistically significant with decreased of hemoglobin. Keywords: benzene, hemoglobin, male workers
Metal smelting workers are at risk of health effects due to their exposure to particulate matter (PM2,5). The purpose of this study is to estimate the risk due exposure of PM2,5 in ambient air in the work environment of the Small Industrial Village (PIK) of Kebasen Village, Talang District, Tegal Regency. This study used primary data with 42 respondents and 5 air sample points by using the Dusttrak II TSI tool. The method used is an environmental health risk analysis that produces daily intake and risk quotient (RQ) values based on PM2,5 concentration, exposure patterns, and body weight. Respondents in this study had an average weight value of 56,926 kg and had an average inhalation rate of 0,6017 mg/m3. The median value for exposure time is 8 hours/day, the median frequency of exposure is 273,5 days/year, and the median duration of real-time exposure is 8,5 years. Some workers begin to be at risk (RQ>1) at the time of real time exposure with a minimum concentration of 254 µg/m3.
Benzene can be enzymatically increasing the formation of Reactive OxygenSpecies (ROS) that affect the cells and cause oxidative damage. Malondialdehyde(MDA) is the end product of lipid peroxidation and is one indicator of oxidativestress caused by free radicals. S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) be the parameterof benzene exposure in humans. This study aimed to analyze the associationSPMA against MDA in shoe workers. The research method uses design analyticcross-sectional study. Selection of the sample using one level cluster to informalindustry. The samples in this study are 64 workers. The results showed thatmedian levels concentration of SPMA is 10.24 mg/g creatinine or 20 respondents(31.2%) had a concentration of SPMA urine above the value of biologicalexposure index (BEI) (> 25 mg / g creatinine), and median levels of serum MDAworkers are 6.38 μmol/L. Based on statistical test, we know that have a significantassociation for concentration of SPMA to increase MDA after controlling by age,length of employment, smoking status, alcohol habits, exercise habits and habit ofeating vegetables and fruits (R2: 0133, p-value: 0.039). This study shows thatexposure to benzene giving adverse effects on oxidative stress in addition toworkers by age workers.Keywords: Benzene; Small Scale Industry; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress;S-phenylmercapturic acid;
Kata Kunci : PM2,5, Analisis risiko, industri semen, pekerja industri, fungsi paru
