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ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar keempat di dunia setelah Republik Rakyat Cina, India dan Amerika Serikat. Pada tahun 2002 jumlah penduduk Indonesia sekitar 215 juta jiwa, dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk antara tahun 2000-2002 sekitar 1,25%, maka terjadi penambahan penduduk sekitar 7,3 juta setiap tahunnya. Indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan program KB adalah Tora! Fertility Rare (TER), TPR pada SDKI tahun 1997 sebesar 2,8 dan SDKI 2003 diketahui TFR sebesar 2,6, dan CPR (Contraceptive Prevalence Rafe) di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu dua dasawarsa terjadi peningkatan dua kali lipat dari tahun 1977 yaitu 26 menjadi 57 pada tahun 1997. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Iama kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi sejak pertama kali pemakaian daiam periode 1997-2002 dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Desain penelitian dengan menggunakan metode crossectional dibuat menjadi kohort retrospektf, karena uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji statistik analisis survival, dengan menggunakan data skunder SDKI 2002-2003, dengan jumlah sampel 5072 sampel. Hasil penelitian didapatkan lama kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi dalam periode 1997-2002 di Indonesia sejak pertama kali pakai hingga pemakaian 72 bulan adalah 50,32%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi adalah tingkat pendidikan ibu dan status pekerjaan ibu. Untuk meningkatkan kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi hendaknya kepada pembuat dan menentu kebijakan untuk lebih meningkatkan pengetahun akseptor melalui penyuluhan dengan berbagai cara baik melalui media cetak maupu elektronik.
ABSTRACT lt has been known that Indonesia is the fourth largest population in the world, alter People Republic of China, India, and United States. At the year of 2002, Indonesia total population is about 215 million, with a growth rate between 2000 and 2002 is about 1.25% then the number is added about 7.3 million people every year. The success of the Family Plarming Program is recognized by its indicators, namely Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR). The TFR at SDKI 1997 is 2.8 and in SDKI 2003 are 2.6. While CPR. for two decades has increasing double fold from 26 in 1977 to 57 in 1997. The study is carried out in order to know the length of continuation on contraception use since the first time, in the period of 1997-2002 and factors related. The design of the research is using a cross sectional method with a retrospective cohort, as one of statistic tests use is the survival analysis. Data is using a secondary data of SDKI 2002-2003 on 5,072 samples. The result of the study showed that contraception continuation since it first time until 72 months continuation is 50.32%. Factors related to the continuation are level of education and occupation of the mother. To increase the contraception continuation use, suggestion addresses to the decision and policy makers, in which should elevate the acceptor?s knowledge through IEC exposures of several ways, such as printed or electronic media.
Fertility in Indonesia provides stagnant at 2.6 and does not meet the national target of RPJMN 2015 of 2.1.The high TFR causes CBR to create an impact on the Indonesian HDI so that birth control efforts areneeded to realize other incidents. Contraception is believed to be one way of rotating birth rates. However,CPR Indonesisa in 2015 can decrease diangka 59.68. The purpose of this study is to prove the variablesthat influence the use and choice of contraceptives in Indonesia by determining the appropriate model forassessing user characteristic. This research is a cross sectional study using IFLS 5 data 2014/2015. Thisresearch uses econometric approach with Multinomial Logistick Regression analysis model. From theresult of the research, the risk factors that influence the use of MKJP contraception are education (1.89%),occupation (1.96%), income (80.32%), parity (2.06%), residence area (1, 78%), number of children(2.21%) and decision making of household contraceptive use (2.33%). The probability of factors affectingthe non-MKJP usage is age (17.1%), number of children (5.69%), decision making of householdcontraceptive use (9.98%). So it can be concluded that socio-economic factors, demography, norms andenvironment / health services have an effect on the use of contrasespi in IndonesiaKey words: Fertility, CBR, contraception.;;;, ]
Tingkat pemakaian kontrasepsi pil di kalangan wanita PUS cukup tinggi, hal itu terlihat dari data pemakaian kontrasepsi pil hasil SDKI 2002103 sebesar 13,2 % . Tingginya prevalensi pemakaian kontrasepsi pil tersebut tidak dibarengi dengan tingginya tingkat kelangsungan pemakaian, hasil SDKI 1997 tercatat 34 % pemakai pit tidak menggunakan lagi setelah sate tahun_ Angka putus pakai (drop out) pil ini merupakan yang kedua tertinggi setelah kondom. Tingkat kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi pil arnat dipengaruhi oleh kedisiplinan dan kepatuhan akseptor dalam memakainya. Hal tersebut dimungkinkan bila akseptor memiliki pengetahuan dan informasi yang cukup yang dapat diperoleh melalui konseling yang dilakukan oleh petugas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konseling kontrasepsi dengan tingkat kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi pil. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder SDKI 2002103. Disain penelitian adalah crossectional dengan kajian statistik analisis survival. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi pil adalah 31 bulan dengan median survivalnya 37 bulan. Probabilitas kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi pil setelah bulan ke-12 adalah 62 % dan probabilitas kelangsungan setelah bulan ke-60 adalah 31 %. Probabilitas kelangsungan pernakaian kontrasepsi pil setelah bulan ke-12 pads kelompok yang mendapat konseling kontrasepsi adalah 66%, sedangkan pada kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan konseling kontrasepsi 56 %. Risiko untuk putus pada akseptor pil yang tidak mendapatkan konseling adalah 1.6 kali bila bertempat tinggal dikota dan 1.5 kali bila tinggal didesa. Risiko untuk putus pada akseptor pil yang tidak konseling adalah 1.6 kali bila tidak ada efek camping dan menjadi 2 kali bila ada efek samping. Tingginya risiko putus pemakaian kontrasepsi pil di wilayah perkotaan perlu mendapatkan perhatian dari pengelola program Keluarga Berencana. Dugaan sementara hal ini dijumpai didaerah kota pinggiran atau daerah kumuh, untuk itu kegiatan konseling kontrasepsi yang lebih intensif terkait dengan akseptor di daerah tersebut hares ditingkatkan misalnya melalui kunjungan petugas yang lebih sering ke rumah diharapkan dapat menurunkan risiko putus pakai. Kegiatan konseling pada prinsipnya dilakukan untuk mengurangi kekhawatiran akseptor akan efek sarnping yang ditimbulkan kontrasepsi selama pemakaiannya.
Prevalence of pill contraception used among reproductive woman are high, it can seen at SDKI 2002/03 which is about 13,2 %. This height prevalence is not followed with the-continuity rate, only 34 % of women still used pill contraception within 12th month recorded in SDKI 1997. This rate as highest secondly after condom. The pill contraception continuity rate is influenced by discipline and compliance of acceptor in using it.That things is possible when acceptor have enough knowledge and information about contraception usage which they can get it from councelling by family planning officer. This study is aimed to gain information on relationship of contraception counselling with the period of time pills uses. This study uses secondary data SDKI 2002/03. Study design used is crossectional with statistical survival analysis. The result study shows that mean of pill contraception continuity rate are 31 month with median survival are 37 month. The Probabilities of pills continuity rate after 12th month are 62 percent and probabilities of pills continuity rate after 60th month are 31 percents. Probabilities of pills continuity rate after 12'h month in whom that receive counsellings are 66 percents, men while the group whom that not receive counselling only 56 percent. The risk of drop out among the pills acceptbr whom that not receive counsellings are 1,6 times if they lives at the city and 1,5 times if they lives at the village. The risk of drop out pills among acceptor whom that not receive counsellings are 1,6 times if they not have side effect and it can be 2 times if they have side effects. The height risk of drop out pills among acceptors in urban region need to get more attentions from the organizer of family planning program. Momentary, assumption whereas this matter is met in marginal town area or slum region, for that more intensive program of counselling contraception related to acceptor in the are, for example more regular follow up to the acceptors whom lives at this area and had side effect. The principle of counseling is to lessen the worried feeling of the acceptor with the side effects generated by contraception during its usage.
There are many factors influenced birth weight, include infant sex, maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, socioeconomic status, nutrition, antenatal care, and physical activity during pregnancy. Studies that have examined the relations between maternal physical activity and birth weight have often yielded conflicting result due to different method of physical activity measurement. This study was aimed to assess the effect of maternal physical activity on birth weight by using questionnaire validated by time and motion observation. The prospective study was conducted among pregnant women at 12 ? 16 gestational weeks in Sliyeg, Indramayu Regency. The main exposure was physical Activity Level (PAL) measured in Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of physical activity during pregnancy on birth weight. Path analysis was used to assess the direct and indirect effect of physical activity on birth weight. The result of the study showed that the BMR range value influenced birth weight was 1,71 ? 1,95 BMR (moderate activity category). The assessment showed that observation method was valid and reliable to measure physical activity. The study has also proved that heavy physical activity will reduce birth weight to 153 gram. Mostly the mechanism of physical activity effect on birth weight was through weight gain, the other possibility mechanism was through physical stress and posture. This findings conclude that working too heavy/too light through pregnancy significantly reduces birth weight so pregnant women should do moderate activity. Future research should focus on the effect of physical stress and posture on birth weight. Key words: physical activity, birth weight, basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity level (PAL), weight gain, pregnancy
A good understanding of the role of men in the formation of an ideal family and reproductive health planning can have a good impact in a family planning program. This study seeks to the predictors of modern contraceptive use and fertility preference among sexually active men in Indonesia. The data source is the nationally representative 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) of men aged 15-54 years. The analysis is restricted to 9,277 men who reported being sexually active in the past 12 months prior to the survey, have a married status, and living with his wife. This research use bivariate and multinominal logistic regression to access predictors that influence modern contraceptive use and fertility preference among sexually active men. Bivariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted and statistical significance was set at p-value<0.05. From a total of 9,277 sexually active men in Indonesia, 309 (3,3%) used male modern contraception methods and 8,968 (96,7%) didn't use modern contraception. Besides that, from the total sample, 4,383 (47,2%) is the fertility preference of male that didn't want another child and 4,894 (52,8%) men indecisive or still want another child. Findings from the bivariate and multinominal logistic regression indicate that education (OR=3,02; 95% CI: 1,72-5,31 ), residence (OR=1,75; 95% CI: 1,18-2,58), wealth index(OR=3,57; 95% CI: 1,87-9,50), currently working (OR=13,32; 95% CI: 1,83-96,76), living children (OR=2,1; 95% CI: 1,35-3,24), istri menggunakan KB (OR=0,07; 95% CI: 0,05-0,11), access to media (OR=1,83; 95% CI: 1,23-2,72), disscuss with health worker (OR=0,47 ; 95% CI: 0,30-0,72), disscuss with wife (OR=2,71; 95% CI: 1,94-3,79), knowledge (OR=1,69; 95% CI: 1,23-2,32), dan fertility preference (OR=1,72; 95% CI: 1,22-2,43) were all significantly associated with modern contraceptive use among sexually active men. Other result finding that age (OR=4,55; 95% CI: 3,87-5,34), education level (OR=0,77; 95% CI: 0,67-0,89), residence (OR=1,26; 95% CI: 1,10-1,45), living children (OR=13,2; 95% CI: 10,45-16,68), wife using contraceptive (OR=1,32; 95% CI: 1,15-1,51), access to media (OR=0,83; 95% CI: 0,72-0,96), disscuss with wife (OR=0,86; 95% CI: 0,75-0,98), and knowledge (OR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,11-1,48) were all significantly assosiated with fertility preference in a men who didn't want another child. These findings suggest that future policies and programs should focus on interventions and promoting men's contraception in media, addressing regional disparities in accessibility and availability of modern contraceptive, and interventions family planning in the middle of level education.