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Faktor manusia (host) yang pcnling dalam pcnccgahan malaria adalah Faklor perilaku, seperti perilaku pencegahan dan pencarian pengobatan. Salah satu Faktor pencegahan malaria berkaitan dengan pcngcmbangan program kelambunisasi adalah keteraturan masyarakat untuk tidur mcnggunakan kelambu sepanjang malam. Penelitian ini bertujuan umuk mengetahui hubungan menggunakan kclambu dengan kejadian malaria, clengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor: umur, jenis keiamin, pendidikan, waktu bekerja, pengetahuan tentang malaria, penyuluhan lcelambu, kecukupan kelambu, lama tinggal, pemilikan temak besar, obat anti nyamuk, kassa, dan alat pellndung diri keluar mlam. Penelitian ini dilalcsanakan di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, dengan pertimbangan prevalensi klinis malaria di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan sangat fluktuatifl yaitu ll,5%0 tahun 2000, cenderung meningkat menjadi l3,65%¢ pada tahun 2003 dan menurun kembali menjadi ll,3%¢ di tahun 2004, scdangkan pada tahun 2005 kcmbali turun mcnjadi 9,67_ disamping, itu program kelambunisasi baru bcrjaan, lokasi pcnelitian adalah salah salu puskesmas lercndcmis di Kabupatcn Lampung Selalan, yaitu Puskcsmas Hanura. Berdasarkan pcnelitian ini didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara menggunakan kelambu dengan kejadian malaria, dimana respondcn yang tidak mcnggunakan kelambu berisiko 4,82 kali terkena malaria dibandingkan dengan responden yang leralur tidur menggunakan kclambu. Faktor resiko yang berpotensi menjadi konfounder sehubungan dengan keteraturan tidur mcnggunakan kelambu dengan kejadian malaria adalah pengetahuan responden tentang cara pencegahan malaria dan status penyuluhan tentang kelambu yang dilerima oleh responden. Respondcn yang tidak tahu cara pencegahan malaria berisiko 6,64 kali dibanding responder; yang tahu tentang cara pencegahan malaria. Variabcl umur responden kelompok muda < 15 tahun beresiko terkena malaria pemah menerima pcnyuluhan kelambu akan terlindungi dari malaria 2,37 kali dibandingkan dengan responden yang beumur > 15 tahun. Berdasarkan penclitian ini diketahui menggunakan kelambu sangal mcmpengamhi keberhasilan program pengendalian malaria jika dilaksanakan dcngan mempertimbangkan upaya pcningkatan pcngetahuan masyarakat temang pencegahan malaria Serta manfaat penggunaan kelambu. Oleh karcna itu kiranya perlu dilakukan penyuluhan ulang temang manfaal penggunaan kclambu dalam pcnccgahan tcrjadinya pcnularan malaria, karcna berdasarkan penclilian ini hal tersebut dapat mcningkalkan cakupun pcnggunaan kelambu di masyarakul.
An important human factor in malaria prevention activities is behavioral factor, such as prevention behavior and care seeking. One of prevention factor of malaria which is related with bednets program is the using of bednets by the community during night-rest time. This research aims to determine correlation between the using ot' bednets by the community with malaria incidence in Hanura Health Centre, South Lampung District. The correlation will be considered to variables, which are age groups, gender, educational level, working hours, the community knowledge regarding malaria prevention, health education, length stay, ownership of cattle, mosquito coils, kassa, the using of self protection clothes during night time. The prevalence of clinical malaria in South Lampung District is fluctuated, from ll.5%o in 2000 to l3.65%o in 2003 and decreases to ll.3%a in 2004 and 9.67%o in 2005. The location of this study is Hanura Health Centre due to thc most endemic malaria condition of this health center in South Lampung District. This research finds that there is statistical significant relationship between the using of bednets by the community with malaria incidence. Non using bednets group risks 4.67 times to have malaria infection compare to using bednets group. Confounder risk factors are knowledge of the community regarding malaria prevention efforts and health education to use bednets. Lack knowledge of malaria prevention respondents risk 6.64 times compares to good knowledge of malaria prcvcntion respondents. Responden age group is risk factor for malaria incidence. Age group responden < I5 years more risk 2,32 times compare to age group 2 IS years. In conclusion, successful bednets distribution program in malaria control activities should be followed with increasing the knowledge of malaria prevention among the community and increasing health education to use bednets. Therefore, malaria control program in South Lampung District should continue malaria health education program on regular basis for the community in Hanura Health Centre. The message could consist of malaria prevention activities and the using ofbednets.
Kata Kunci : Kawat kasa, Kelambu, Kejadian Malaria.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that lives in the bloodthrough the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is still a problem inIndonesia since 2015 the total number of 217.025 of malaria cases. In 2015,Lampung province has the most number of cases after Papua, East Nusa Tenggara,West Papua, Maluku, North Sumatera amount of positive 3,991 cases in which theDistrict Pesawaran a malaria endemic districts. The main purpose of this study wasto determine the relationship of behavior and breeding places on the incidence ofmalaria after controlling for potential confounders. This study is a case-controlstudy with a sample size of 180 respondents, with 60 cases and 120 controls aged≥ 15 years, using incident data. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, stratificationand logistic regression. After adjusting confounding variables installation of wirenetting significant relationship with the incidence of malaria (OR : 3,15 ; 95% CI :1,099-9,074; p = 0,033). Out of the house at night, insect repellent, use of mosquitonets, mosquito breeding places and distances breeding places are not relationshipwith the incidence of malaria. Age is a modification effect on the relationshipbetween the use of mosquito nets and malaria. The people should take steps toprevent the installation of wire netting perform at every home ventilation and closeany holes in the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquitonetting when sleeping at night. The people should take steps to prevent malaria bydoing the installation of wire netting at each home ventilation and close any holesin the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquito netting whensleeping at night
Kata Kunci : Wire Netting, Mosquito Net, Malaria.