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ABSTRAK Kesetaraan gender adalah suatu konsep yang masih diupayakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk mencapai kondisi yang ideal. Disparitas gender, dimana pemberdayaan perempuan belum maksimal, secara langsung maupun tidak langsung mempengaruhi hal-hal dimana wanita memegang peranan baik sebagai pengambil keputusan maupun sebagai pelaku di berbagai bidang dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Keterlibatan wanita dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan harus diperhitungkan, terlepas apakah kesetaraan gender dan pemberdayaan perempuan sudah mencapai kondisi yang ideal atau tidak. Kondisi pemberdayaan perempuan Indonesia di setiap provinsi berbeda-beda. Pemberdayaan perempuan sendiri diukur melalui sikap menolak ‘kumpul’ dengan suami pada kondisi tertentu, keterlibatan dalam pengambilan keputusan rumah tangga, dan sikap istri atas pemukulan suami terhadap istri. Berdasarkan SDKI 2007, kondisi pemberdayaan perempuan di Indonesia, apabila dilihat dari sikap setuju terhadap pemukulan suami terhadap istri, persentase Provinsi NTT masih lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan DI. Yogyakarta. Kemudian untuk sikap setuju dengan semua alasan penolakan ‘kumpul’ dengan suami untuk kondisi tertentu, persentase yang setuju untuk semua alasan di DI. Yogyakarta sebesar 81,9 %, sedangkan di NTT sebesar 63%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi pemberdayaan wanita di DI. Yogyakarta lebih baik daripada di NTT. Selain itu, TFR DI. Yogyakarta pada tahun 2007 sebesar 1,8, dan NTT sebesar 4,2. Desain penelitian ini cross sectional dengan menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2007 dengan memilih 1654 responden perempuan yang memiliki anak lahir hidup dan masih terikat dalam ikatan perkawinan. Analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) digunakan untuk melihat hubungan sikap menolak ‘kumpul’ dengan suami pada kondisi tertentu, keterlibatan dalam pengambilan keputusan rumah tangga, dan sikap istri atas pemukulan suami terhadap istri dengan jumlah anak lahir hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tidak setuju dengan sikap menolak ‘kumpul’ dengan suami pada kondisi tertentu maka semakin tinggi fertilitas, semakin rendah keterlibatan perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan rumah tangga maka semakin tinggi fertilitas. Dari persamaan yang terbentuk, sikap menolak ‘kumpul’ dengan suami pada kondisi tertentu, keterlibatan dalam pengambilan keputusan, dan umur kawin memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap fertilitas (R2=0,049).
ABSTRACT Gender equality is a concept that is still being pursued by the Indonesian government in order to achieve the ideal conditions. Gender disparity, where the empowerment of women is not maximized yet, affects the things in which women play a role both as decision makers and subjects in various fields, either directly or indirectly. The involvement of women in various aspects of life must be taken into account, regardless of whether gender equality and empowerment of women have reached the ideal condition or not. Indonesian women empowerment conditions in each province vary. Empowerment of women is measured by their refusal to have sexual intercourse with their spouses, involvement in household decision-making, and the wives’ acceptance of physical abuse committed by their husbands. According to 2007 IDHS, the condition of women's empowerment in Indonesia; measured by acceptance of husband’s physical abuse, shows that NTT province’s rate is still higher compared to DI. Yogyakarta’s. On the other hand, concerning the agreement to all the reasons for refusing sexual act with the husbands to certain conditions, the percentage of respondents who agreed to all the reasons in DI. Yogyakarta reaches 81.9%, while in NTT province is 63%. It can be concluded that the condition of women empowerment in DI. Yogyakarta is better than in NTT. In addition, the TFR IN. Yogyakarta in 2007 was 1.8 and NTT was 4.2. This study design is cross-sectional, using data Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2007 with 1654 respondents consist of women who have children born alive and are still married. Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the relationship between refusal to have sexual intercourse with their spouses in certain circumstances, involvement in household decision-making, the wives’ stand regarding physical abuse committed by their husbands and the number of babies born alive. The results show that the less of refusal to have sexual act with spouses in certain circumstances, the higher the fertility rate ; the less women’s involvement in household decision-making, the higher the fertility rate. Based on the equations formed, the refusal act to have sexual intercourse with husband in certain circumstances, involvement in decision-making, and the marriageable age have the most impact on fertility (R2 = 0.049).
One of the factors that can increase the success of the family planning program is the increasing number of women who use contraception and the reduced number of unmet need for contraception. It is known that the percentage of unmet need for contraception in NTT (17.6%) and DIY (6.3%) is the highest and lowest among the ten main national family planning provinces. This study was conducted to determine whether there are determinants of the unmet need for contraception in NTT and DIY. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and uses secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. The number of samples in this study was 1,043 women (513 in NTT and 530 in DIY). The results showed that the proportion of women experiencing unmet need for contraception in NTT was 17.6%, of which 9.8% were for thinning and 7.7% for restriction. Meanwhile, the proportion of women who experienced unmet need for contraception in Yogyakarta was 6.3%, of which 1.8% for thinning and 4.4% for restriction. Factors related to unmet need for contraception in NTT were discussions with husbands (RO = 1.790; 95%CI = 1.24-2.58). Meanwhile, there are no factors related to the unmet need for contraception in DIY.