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Kata kunci : Kebisingan, gangguan non-auditory, gangguan fisiologis, gangguan psikologis, gangguan komunikasi.
Health and safety at work are rights of every worker. However, it cannot be denied that the physical condition of the environment in the workplace which is used to be a place for workers to do their daily activities is still potential to cause many hazards, one of which is the danger of noise. Noise can occur in the workplace both industrial and non-industrial. Exposure that occurs continuously and not in accordance with the provisions can cause various health problems both auditory and non-auditory. Therefore, this study wants to find out the relationship between the level of noise exposure and subjective (non-auditory) complaints which include assessment of physiological, psychological and communication disorders of 84 workers in the production unit area of the flour mill PT.X Cilegon, Banten. The results of this study indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between years of service, age, smoking habits, use of ear protection equipment, habit of using earphones, habit of listening to loud music, and also training with physiological, psychological and communication disorders. However, the incidence of physiological, psychological and communication disorders among workers showed a fairly high rate, namely as many as 26.2% of workers experiencing physiological disorders, 47.6% of workers experiencing psychological disorders, and as many as 48.8% of workers experiencing communication disorders. Therefore, companies still need to follow up related to this noise problem so as not to pose risks and also greater health problems in the future.
Keywords : Noise, non-auditory disorders, physiological disorders, psychological disorders, communication disorders
Abstrak
Kebisingan adalah bunyi yang tidak dikehendaki dan dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan, salah satunya dapat mengakibatkan kenaikan tekanan darah dan apabila terjadi terus menerus akan berakibat pada hipertensi. Hipertensi adalah salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan yang serius saat ini, dimana 27,5% penduduk di Indondesia menderita hipertensi. Kasus hipertensi di DKI Jakarta terbanyak terdapat di Wilayah Jakarta Timur yaitu 75.099 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah sesudah kerja pada pekerja di PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 196 orang.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara umur (5,97; 3,03–11,76) dan kebiasaan merokok (5,85; 2,91–11,77) dengan kejadian peningkatan tekanan darah. Besar risiko yang dialami oleh pekerja yang berumur > 40 tahun dan memiliki kebiasaan merokok dalam satu hari > 2 batang untuk mengalami kejadian peningkatan tekanan darah adalah 7,87 kali dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang berumur ≤ 40 tahun dan memiliki kebiasaan merokok dalam satu hari ≤ 2 batang.
Noise is unwanted sound and can cause health problems, one of which can result in increased blood pressure and the event will continue to result in hypertension. Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases are a serious health problem today, where 27,5% of the population suffers from hypertension in Indondesia. Cases of hypertension in Jakarta are the highest in the East Jakarta District 75.099 cases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with increased blood pressure after work on workers at PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja in 2013. This study uses cross-sectional design with a sample of 196 people.
The results showed a significant relationship between age (5,97; 3,03-11,76) and smoking (5,85; 2,91-11,77) with an increased incidence of blood pressure. Major risks faced by workers aged > 40 years and have a habit of smoking in one day > 2 sticks to experience an increased incidence of blood pressure was 7,87 times compared with workers aged ≤ 40 years and has a habit of smoking in one day ≤ 2 sticks.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 37 pekerja (44%) mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengaran tinggi. Berdasarkan uji chi square, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebisingan > 85 dBA (p value=0,039, OR=2,8), usia (p value=0,012, OR=3,457) dan penggunaan alat pelindung telinga (APT) (p value=0,046, OR=2,761) dengan keluhan gangguan pendengaran. Sedangkan variabel masa kerja, riwayat penyakit telinga, riwayat hipertensi, riwayat diabetes, merokok, dan hobi terpajan bising tidak menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan.
Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan diatas NAB memiliki risiko 4,512 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan dibawah NAB setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia. Pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan berisiko untuk mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengeran. Pekerja yang berusia lebih dari 40 tahun dan tidak menggunakan APT saat berkeja memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengaran.
Kata kunci: Industri Tekstil, Kebisingan, Keluhan Gangguan Pendengaran
PT X is a textile industry in Indonesia with a variety of machinery and equipment generating high-intensity noise in several areas. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between noise intensity higher than 85 dBA with hearing loss complain on workers of spinning, weaving, and dyeing department at PT X. The method used in this study was quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study was 84 workers chosen by proportionate stratified random sampling method. The independent variable in this study was noise level while the dependent variable was hearing loss complaints, with confounding variables included characteristic and worker behavior.
The study result shows that 37 workers (44%) experienced hearing loss complaints. Based on the chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between noise > 85 dBA (p value = 0.039, OR = 2.8), age (p value = 0.012, OR = 3.457) and hearing protection device (HPD) utilization (p value = 0.046, OR = 2.761) with hearing loss complaints. Meanwhile, variables of the working period, ear disease history, hypertension history, diabetes history, smoking history, and noise exposure do not show a significant relationship.
The multivariate result shows that workers exposed to noise above TLV possess 4.512 times higher risk than the workers exposed to noise under TLV after being controlled by age variable. Noise-exposed workers are at risk of experiencing complaints of hearing loss. Workers who are over 40 years old and do not use HPD while working have a greater risk of experiencing hearing loss complaints.
Keywords: Hearing Loss Complain, Noise, Textile Industry
