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ABSTRAK Campak atau kerumut dalam bahasa Banjar adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi yang dapat di cegah dengan imunisasi dan masih masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit ini secara umum menyerang anak usia dibawah lima tahun (balita) yang di sebabkan oleh virus morbili. Di Kota Banjarmasin meskipun keberhasilan cakupan imunisasi campak telah mencapai lebih dari 90%, dan kelurahan yang telah mencapai UCI sebanyak 51 kelurahan, namun demikian berdasarkan laporan surveilans dinas kesehatan kota Banjarmasin selama 2011 dilaporkan telah terjadi kejadian luar biasa kasus campak sebanyak 5 kali, dengan 147 kasus. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian campak pada anak usia 0?59 bulan di Kota Banjarmasin Tahun 2011. Untuk itu digunakan pendekatan desain kasus kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor utama yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian campak pada anak usia (0?59 bln) adalah pendidikan Ibu (OR= 13,88), pendidikan bapak (OR =6,33), status imunisasi campak (OR= 4,64), umur anak (OR=2,46), sedangkan faktor yang bersifat protektif adalah vitamin A (OR=0,34), dan penghasilan keluarga (OR=0,18). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa anak yang di imunisasi campak mempunyai orang tua yang berpendidikan baik, berpenghasilan cukup dan mendapat vitamin A dua kali dalam setahun dapat mengurangi angka kejadian campak. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan untuk memperbaiki kebenaran cakupan imunisasi, memberikan pelatihan safe injection dan cold chain bagi petugas pelaksana di puskesmas, penyuluhan kesehatan dengan bahasa daerah, pemberian vitamin A dan memberikan prioritas peningkatan program pada daerah dengan tingkat pendidikan Ibu dan Bapak yang rendah, serta berpenghasilan kurang sebagai sasaran di Kota Banjarmasin untuk menurunkan angka kejadian campak pada anak (0-59 bulan).
ABSTRACT Measles or kerumut in Banjar is one of the infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization and health in Indonesia is still a problem. This disease generally attacks children under five years of age (infants) which is caused by a virus morbili. In the city of Banjarmasin despite the success of measles immunization coverage has reached more than 90%, and the village which has reached as many as 51 villages UCI, however, based on surveillance reports Banjarmasin city health department is reported to have occurred during the 2011 outbreak of measles cases as much as 5 times, with 147 case. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of measles in children aged 0-59 months in the city of Banjarmasin in 2011. For that use case-control design approach. The results showed that the main factors that influence the incidence of measles in children aged (0-59 months) is the mother of education (OR = 13.88), the father of education (OR = 6.33), measles immunization status (OR = 4.64 ), age of child (OR = 2.46), whereas protective factors are vitamin A (OR = 0.34), and family income (OR = 0.18). This study concluded that children who have measles immunization in the elderly are well educated, and have income sufficient vitamin A twice a year can reduce the incidence of measles. From these results it is advisable to fix the truth of immunization coverage, providing safe injection training and cold chain for executive officers at the health center, health education in local languages, provision of vitamin A and gives priority to improve the program in areas with high levels of education are low mother and father, as well as earn less as a target in the city of Banjarmasin to reduce the incidence of measles in children (0-59 months).
Measles is one of the leading causes of death among children although safe and cost-effective vaccines are available. By 2015, there are 134 200 deaths from global measles and about 367 deaths every day or 15 deaths every hour. Measles Vaccination resulted in a 79% reduction in measles deaths between 2000 and 2015 worldwide. Despite reaching the target of more than 90% coverage of measles immunization in Cigudeg and Ciampea villages, there is still an extraordinary incidence of measles in these two villages by 2016. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with measles incidence in the extraordinary incidence of measles in villages of Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016. The study design using case control study with a ratio of 1: 3 resulted in a sample consisting of 36 cases and 108 controls with a strength of 80% test having 95% confidence degree. The result of the analysis by using logistic regression was found that the risk factors associated with measles incidence in measles outbreaks in Villages Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016 were significantly immunized (OR = 3.44; 95% CI: 1.09 - P = 0,034), air ventilation area (OR = 4,7; 95% CI: 1.47 - 15.39: P value = 0.009) and contact history (OR = 28.6; 95% CI 9.06 - 90.42; P value = 0.000). Measles immunization coverage in villages Cigudeg and Ciampea has reached more than 90%, but not yet able to make the village has a group immunity against measles, so the need for further studies or research on it. Keywords: Measles, Outbreak, Immunization, Bogor District.
Metodologi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian DBD pada saat KLB di Kabupaten Tangerang, menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan analisis multivariat uji logistic regresion. Jumlah sampel 201 terdiri dari 67 kasus dan 134 kontrol. Kasus adalah penderita DBD pada saat KLB dengan konfirmasi medis yang berusia 5-44 tahun, kontrol adalah tetangga kasus yang berada pada radius 100 dari rumah kasus. Data diambil langsung kerumah kasus dan kontrol yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Mei 2016
Hasil penelitian, Kejadian DBD dipengaruhi oleh faktor umur OR: 22,87 (95% CI: 6,67- 78,51), jenis kelamin 3,62 (95% CI : 1,71-7,67), kebiasaan tidur siang OR: 2,47 (95% CI: 1,20-5,12), kontak dengan penderita OR: 2.22 (95% CI: 1,05-4,68) dan lingkungan rumah yang terdapat kebun/semak OR: 2,02 (95% CI: 0,99-4,14). Umur merupakan faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian DBD. Disarankan. Masyarakat disarankan lebih waspada terhadap penyakit DBD dan kepada pemerintah agar meningkatkan promosi kesehatan tentang penyakit DBD sehingga masyarakat dapat berperanan dan berpartisipasi aktif dalam upaya pengendalian penyakit DBD.
Kata kunci : DBD, karakteritik responden, faktor perilaku, faktor lingkungan rumah dan program pengendalian DBD
Background: Impact of climate change to high spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and also increasing number of DHF outbreak in some district or city in Indonesia. Outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Tangerang regency in January 2016.
Methods. The aim of this study was to determine influence factors of DHF outbreak incidence. This study was conducted in Tangerang Regency. A case-control study design with logistic regresion test of multivariate analysis. The total sample was 201, 67 cases of DHF and 134 controls. Cases were 5-44 years old DHF patients during an outbreak with medical confirmation. The control was a neighbor of cases who live in the radius of 100 meter. The study was conducted from February to May 2016 using the primary data.
Results, Incidence of dengue was influenced by age OR: 22.87 (95% CI: 6.67 to 78.51), the sex OR 3.62 (95% CI: 1.71 to 7.67), the habit of napping OR: 2.47 (95% CI: 1.20 to 5.12), contact with patients DHF OR: 2:22 (95% CI: 1.05 to 4.68) and a home environment there are gardens/shrubs OR: 2.02 ( 95% CI: 0.99 to 4.14) and DHF incidence. Age is the dominant factor affecting the incidence of DHF. Suggestion. Increasing the awareness of DHF in the community. The government increased health promotion on DHF so that people can contribute and participate actively to control DHF.
Keywords : DHF, characteristics of respondents, behavior factor, household environment factor, dengue fever control program.