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Formulasi Kebijakan merupakan tahapan penting yang mempengaruhi Implementasi Kebijakan. Dalam proses Formulasi ditetapkan tujuan, strategi pencapaian, pertimbangan sumberdaya dan antisipasi konsekuensi dan resiko kebijakan yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini membahas proses formulasi kebijakan Registrasi Tenaga Kesehatan di luar dokter, dokter gigi dan tenaga kefarmasian dengan melihat konteks, konten dan aktor kebijakan dimana kebijakan akan diimplementasikan. Metoda penelitian adalah kualitatif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses formulasi kebijakan Registrasi Tenaga pertimbangan sumberdaya manusia, sarana dan prasarana serta metoda pelaksanaan uji kompetensi belum optimal sehingga pelaksanaan kebijakan terhambat. Kata kunci : Formulasi dan Kebijakan Registrasi, Tenaga Kesehatan di luar dokter, dokter gigi
Policy Formulation is the important phase that influences the policy implementation. Policy Formulation process defined objective, strategies,achievements, resources consideration and anticipation of consequences and risk of policy . This research looks at the process of policy formulation by and for government with looking at the context, content and actors in which a policy is implemented. The method of this research is qualitative approach. Result of this research showed that there is insufficientcy of human resources, infrastructure and method considerations which will lead to constrain in the implementation. Keywords: Formulation Process, Registration Policy, health Care Workforce beside Physician, dentist, Pharmacy Personnel.
Latar belakang: Tenaga kesehatan berpotensi untuk terkena Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Virus HepatitIs C, dan Virus Hepatitis B yang penularannya lewat darah. Tertusuk jarum suntik dapat membahayakan tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Tujuan: Diketahuinya riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya kejadian Hepatitis B atau C pada tenaga kesehatan di RS Dr.Kariadi Semarang Tahun 2008. Metode: Desain cross sectional dengan melakukan wawancara dan pengambilan darah pada 225 kelompok terpapar (kelompok riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali) dan 225 kelompok riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali). Analisis data univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan interaksi dan confounding. Hasil dan diskusi: Riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali berisiko 48,99 kali untuk mengalami Hepatitis B atau C dibandingkan dengan riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali dengan POR sebesar 48,99 95%CI (9,494-252,85) P value 0,000 dan terdapat satu variabel confounding yaitu frekuensi menyuntik yang dapat mendistorsi efek riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik dengan kejadian Hepatitis B atau C. Kesimpulan dan saran: Tenaga kesehatan yang riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali dalam 6 bulan memperbesar risiko mengalami kejadian Hepatitis B atau C bila dibandingkan dengan tenaga kesehatan yang riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali dalam 6 bulan, setelah dikendalikan oleh Riwayat Medis, Paparan Pekerjaan Modis, Unit kerja, Lama Kerja, Jenis Kelamin, Frekuensi Menyuntik, dan Kewaspadaan Universal di RS Dr. Katiadi Tabun 2008. Di anjurkan supaya tenaga kesehatan di RS Dr. Kariadi tidak sampai tertusuk lebih dari satu kali agar tidak terkena Hepatitis B atau C dengan cara meningkatkan praktek pencegahan infeksi, melakukan general check up dimana pemeriksaan Hepatitis B atau C termasuk didalamnya dan dilakukan setahun sekali, bagi tenaga kesehatan yang tertusuk jarum suntik lebih dan sekali sebaiknya segera memeriksakan diri secepatnya untuk mengetahui lebih dini apakah mengalami Hepatitis B atau C, dan sebaiknya tenaga kesehatan dalam sebulan menyuntik tidak lebih dari 8 kali agar tidak mengalami hepetitis B atau C.
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are potentially at risk for human immunodefiCiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HeV) infection through occupational exposures to blood and bloody body fluids. Needle stick injuries put healthcare workers at risk of life-threatening infections such as Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B. Aims: A study was designed to determine the risk of needle stick injuries of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among health care workers in Dr. Kariadi Hospital 2008. Method: Designed cross sectional by interview and blood examination on 225 exposed group (had needle stick injuries more than once in. 6 month ago) and on 225 unexposed group (had needle stick injuries less than twice in 6 month ago). Analysis of data univariate, bivariate and multivariate with interaction and confounding. Results: Needle stick injuries more than once related to Hepatitis B or C with POR 48,99 95%CI (9,494-252,85) P value 0,000 and frequencies of suturing is a confounder. Conclusion: Needle stick injuries more than once related to Hepatitis B or C after controlled by medical history, duration of working, exposure on medical occupation, workplace, sex, universal precautions. and frequencies of suturing. Suggested to health care workers in Dr. Kariadi Hospital do not get needle stick injuries more than once in order to prevent Hepatitis B or C by increasing universal precautions, do general check up including Hepatitis B and C, health care workers who had needle stick injuries more than once are supposed to immediately check up for early diagnostic Hepatitis B or C, and suggested to saturing not more than eight times in a month.
Dental and oral health disorders have a fairly high rate in Indonesia, becoming a risk factor for non-communicable diseases that can increase morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the countries with an abundant productive age population, so dental and oral health disorders that can affect productivity need to be addressed. This study aims to determine the proportion and determinants that influence the incidence of dental and oral health disorders in productive age people in Indonesia based on the results of the 2023 SKI. This study was a cross-sectional study design using data from the 2018 Indonesian Health Survey. A total of 486,994 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the multivariate analysis of the prediction model with cox regression showed that age, male gender, low education, frequent consumption of sweet foods, frequent consumption of sweet drinks, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and frequency of toothbrushing
One of the efforts to stop the COVID-19 pandemic is by vaccination. The first dose vaccination in DKI Jakarta has been done on January 14, 2021 and the second dose on March 1st, 2021. Health care workers that have been vaccinated with complete dose until the 28 of March were 120.490 people. However, the number of health care workers infected post vaccinated until June 6, 2021 is 724 people. A cross-sectional study has been done to observe the risk factors of Covid-19 infection on health care workers post vaccinated using secondary data (reports of DKI Jakarta health care workers who have received complete doses of vaccination from March-May 2021) and primary data (a questionnaire distributed to all health care workers who have received a complete doses of vaccination from March-May 2021). The result of this study shows us that there are 6 variables related to the incidence of COVID-19 infection in post-vaccination health care workers in DKI Jakarta, consist of: age (PR 0,63; p=0,002), hypertension (PR 1,52; p=0,009), face to face with patients (PR: 2,02; p=<0,0001), with the most dominant risk factor is a history of COVID-19 infection (PR: 2,16; p=0,001). Health care workers who are >37 years old, have a history of diabetes mellitus, a history of hypertension, a history of COVID-19 infection, face to face with patients, and using PPE level 1 in their daily work are prioritized to get a booster vaccinations