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Background: Infant’s survival is still low on Indonesia, it based on high IMR level on Indonesia. IMR on Indonesia is higher compared to other ASEAN country and still on intermediate rock condition and multiplicity among the area, which are 32 per 1000 birth on urban and 52 per 1000 birth on rural. From previous researches which more concentrate on factors relate to infant mortality, and few analyze on infant’s survival age, and not comparing infant’s survival on urban and rural. Objektive: This research’s aim is to describe infant’s survival probability also analyzing faktors relate to infant’s survival on Indonesia and based on the urban and rural area. Methods: This research is using SDKI 2002-2003 data. Cross sectional data on SDKI 2002-2003 can be analyze by survival analyses because it contain time and event information, with survey period from infant’s birth until less than one year age. Sample’s amount 11.588 infant, consist of 4.769 infant on urban and 6.819 infant on rural. Data analysis using survival analysis application with life table and Cox regression also time independent covariate if variabel doesn’t meet proportional hazard ratio assumption. Result: Probability infant’s survival on urban (98,59%) higher than on rural (97,54%). On rural infant’s mortality proportion is twice higher than on urban. Infant’s survival time probability decline on first month age (neonatal mortality), for higher age infant’s survival time probability is still low, but not as low as the first month age. According to the area, on urban infant’s survival time probability is even lower than on rural. Faktors related to infant’s survival time probability on urban are birth weight, breast feeding period, birth assistance and interaction between birth assistance with birth weight after controlled by antenatal service visit frequency faktor, birth weight, birth assistance, birth queue number, breast feeding period, bearing place, birth assistance interaction with breast feeding period after controlled by birth distant faktor and gender. Conclusion: Infant’s survival determinant faktor is infant condition when the baby born, besides the antenatal service visit frequency. As a dominant faktor is breast feeding period. Midwife or birth assistance is a precondition faktors of infant’s weight effect and breast feeding on infant effect to infant survival time. Appropriate intervention is needed for problem that found on each city and rural area. Main intervention effort is increasing early breast feeding as soon as the infant born which also an advantage for lessening birth interval, beside it also improves birth assistance ability on BBLR infant process, and helps mother on breast feeding as soon as the baby born, increase antenatal service coverage, and increase birth delivery coverage by health worker. Keyword: Infant, Infant Survival, Survival Analysis, Rural and Urban, Proportional Hazard Model.
The prevalence of LBW in Indonesia based on the 2013 Basic Health Research was 10.2% with the proportion of LBW in urban and rural areas 9.4% and 11.2%. This study aims to analyze the dominant factors on LBW occurrence in urban and rural areas in Indonesia. This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. Respondents in this study were 11,188 woman of childbearing age divided into 5,852 in urban areas and 5,336 in rural areas. The results of research in Indonesia showed a significant relationship between respondent’s education level (p = 0,000; OR = 1,471; 95% CI = 1,252-1,730), the frequency of antenatal care (p = 0,000; OR = 1,713; 95% CI = 1,317-2,229 ), gestational age at first examination (p = 0.026; OR = 1,246; 95% CI = 1,031-1,505), and total iron tablet consumption (p = 0,000; OR = 1,312; 95% CI = 1,131-1,621) with LBW. While in urban areas, factors related to LBW are parity (p = 0.039; OR = 1,258; 95% CI = 1,018-1,555), respondent’s education level (p = 0.001; OR = 1,542; 95% CI = 1,199-1,983) and total iron tablet consumption (p = 0.020; OR = 1,283; 95% CI = 1,044-1,576), and in rural areas is respondent’s education level (p = 0.002; OR = 1,423; 95% CI = 1,145-1,769), the frequency of antenatal care ( p = 0,000; OR = 1,878; 95% CI = 1,345-2,622), place of antenatal care (p = 0.037; OR = 0.781; 95% CI = 0.622-0.980), and total iron tablet consumption (p = 0.010; OR = 1.336 95% CI = 1,075-1,660). The most dominant factor for LBW occurrence in Indonesia and rural areas is the frequency of antenatal care, while in urban areas is the education level of respondents. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that socialization and education related to pregnancy such as regular pregnancy checks, increasing formal education level of woman of childbearing age, and regular consumption of TTD.
Latar belakang: Kematian bayi dua pertiga nya terjadi pada periode neonatal. Pelayanan antenatal adalah pelayanan yang diberikan kepada ibu hamil secara berkala untuk menjaga kes*hatan ibu dan janinnya yang terdiri dari pemeriksaan kehamilan dan koreksi terhadap penyimpangan yang ditemukan, pemberian intervensi dasar, serta mendidik dan memotivasi ibu hamil agar dapat merawat dirinya selama hamil dan mempersiapkan persalinannya. Perawatan neonatal yang memadai diperlukan selain perawatan antenatal dan pertolongan persalinan yang adekuat dalam upaya menurunkan kematian bayi karena infeksi pasca lahir seperti tetanus neonatorum dan sepsis, hipotermia dan asfiksia. Tujuan: Diketahuinya kelangsungan hidup bayi selama 28 hari serta perbedaan kelangsungan hidup bayi selama 28 hari berdasarkan kunjungan ANC dan perawatan postnatal. Metode: Desain kohort retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data SDKJ tahun 20022003 berjumlah 13.240 sampel. Analisis data univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan interaksi. Hasil dan Diskusi: Kelangsungan hidup bayi pada periode neonatal probabilitasnya secara keseluruhan sebesar 98,75% ; probabilitas kelangsungan hidup bayi pada periode neonatal berdasarkan kunjungan ANC yang baik sebesar 99,47% ; probabilitas kelangsungan hidup bayi pada periode neonatal berdasarkan perawatan postnatal yang baik sebesar 98,79% ; sedangkan probabilitas kelangsungan hidup bayi pada periode neonatal berdasarkan kunjungan ANC dan perawatan postnatal yang baik sebesar 98,15%. Kesimpulan dan Saran: Meningkatkan kunjungan ANC dan perawatan postnatal karena akan memberikan probabilitas kelangsungan hidup bayi yang besar. Serta peningkatan jumlah dan kualitas serta pemerataan penempatan tenaga kesehatan dan juga meningkatxan akses masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan.
Background: Two third of infant mortality are occurred in neonatal period. Antenatal service is a service which is given to pregnant women periodically to maintain and improve the health status of pregnant women and their fetus. Antenatal service consist of checking the pregnancy and correcting any deviation found in the pregnancy, also giving health education and motivating the mother to keep on caring themselves and prepare for the delivery. Beside adequate antenatal care and delivery attendance, adequate neonatal care is also needed as part of effort to decrease neonatal mortality due to post-natal infection such as tetanus neonatorum and sepsis, hypothermia and asphyxia. Aims: To identity the neonatal survival and the difference of neonatal survival based on ANC visit and postnatal care. Design: Retrospective cohort design using DHS data in 2002-2003 which is consist of 13,240 samples. Methodology: The data are analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate with interaction. Results: The probability of infant survival in neonatal period is 98.75%; the probability of infant survival in neonatal period based on ANC visit is 99.47%; the probability of infant survival in neonatal period based on postnatal care is 98.79%; whereas the probability of infant survival in neonatal period based on ANC visit and posinatal care is 98.15%. Conclusion: ANC visit and post natal care should be increased since they will increase the probability of neonatal survival. Quantity, quality and distribution of health workers should be improved, and the accessibility of health facilities towards the community should also be increased.
