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Philip E. Castle
Abstrak: Persistent cervical infections by approximately 15 carcinogenic genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer and its immediate precancerous precursor, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or carcinoma in situ. As is shown in a meta-analysis by Koshiol et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2008;168:123–137), detection of carcinogenic HPV viral persistence could be used to identify women at the greatest risk of cervical precancer. Specifically, women who have carcinogenic HPV infection that persists for at least 1 year versus those whose infections clear are at significantly elevated risk of having or developing cervical precancer. However, before detection of HPV persistence can be used in cervical cancer screening, several considerations need to be addressed: 1) validation and Food and Drug Administration approval of a reliable HPV genotyping test, 2) rational clinical algorithms based on risk of precancer and cancer for the clinical management of HPV persistence, 3) clinician and patient acceptability of monitoring of HPV infections (including not responding excessively to the first positive HPV test and waiting 1–2 years for infections to either persist or resolve), and 4) patient compliance with recommended follow-up. Investigators will need to address these and other key issues in order to realize the potential utility of HPV viral monitoring for improving the accuracy of cervical cancer screening.
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AJE Vol.168, No.2
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : 2008
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Jill Koshiol, Lisa Lindsay, Jeanne M. Pimenta, Charles Poole, David Jenkins, Jennifer S. Smith
Abstrak: Detection of persistent cervical carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is used as a marker for cervical cancer risk in clinical trials. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between persistent HPV DNA and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and invasive cervical cancer (together designated CIN2-3/HSIL+) to evaluate the robustness of HPV persistence for clinical use. MEDLINE and Current Contents were searched through January 30, 2006. Relative risks (RRs) were stratified by HPV comparison group. Of 2,035 abstracts, 41 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Over 22,500 women were included in calculation of RRs for persistent HPV DNA detection and cervical neoplasia. RRs ranged from 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.5) to 813.0 (95% confidence interval: 168.2, 3,229.2) for CIN2-3/HSIL+ versus <CIN2-3/HSIL+; 92% of RRs were above 3.0. Longer durations of infection (>12 months), wider testing intervals, CIN2-3/HSIL+, and use of an HPV-negative reference group were consistently associated with higher RRs. Thus, HPV persistence was consistently and strongly associated with CIN2-3/HSIL+, despite wide variation in definitions and study methods. The magnitude of association varied by duration of persistence and testing interval. Precise definition and standardization of HPV testing, sampling procedure, and test interval are needed for reliable clinical testing. These findings validate HPV persistence as a clinical marker and endpoint.
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AJE Vol.168, No.2
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : 2008
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Asia-Pacific Jour. of PUblic Health ( APJPH), Vol.25, No.1, Jan. 2013 : hal. 19-31
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Jill Koshiol, Charles Poole, Haitao Chu, Jeanne M. Pimenta, Lisa Lindsay, David Jenkins, Jennifer S. Smith
AJE Vol.168, No.2
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : 2008
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Int. J. of Epid. (IJE), Vol. 37, No. 3, June 2008, hal.: 536-546
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
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Journal of Public Health, Vol.30, No.2, June 2008, hal. 171-177. ( ket. ada di bendel June - Dec. 2008)
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
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Epidemiologic reviews, Vol.8, 1986. hal. 129-142. ( ket. ada di bendel 1980-1986)
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
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Asia-Pacific Jour. of PUblic Health ( APJPH), Vol.25, No.3, May 2013 : hal. 248-259
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran-193, Vol.39, No.5, Mei 2012, hal. 351-354
[s.l.] : [s.n.] : s.a.]
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Widyorini Lestari Hardjolukito Hanafy; Promotor: Asri C. Adisasmita; Kopromotor: Bambang Dwipoyono, Sukwan Handali; Penguji: Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Ratna Djuwita, Syahrul Rauf, Primariadewi Rustamadji, M. Soemanadi
Abstrak:
Latar belakang: Kanker serviks masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang signifikan, dengan perkiraan 660.000 kasus baru dan 350.000 kematian setiap tahun. Di Indonesia, kanker serviks adalah masalah kesehatan utama, dengan 9,2% wanita diperkirakan menderita kanker serviks pada tahun 2020. Meskipun telah dilakukan histerektomi radikal, tingkat kekambuhan pada kanker serviks stadium awal (IA2-IIA2) tetap tinggi, sekitar 20-30% dalam tiga tahun pertama pasca pengobatan. Hal ini menunjukkan kemungkinan keterlibatan faktor prognostik lainnya, seperti genotipe DNA Human Papillomavirus (HPV) dan viral load HPV, yang belum dipelajari secara ekstensif pada kanker serviks stadium awal di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui genotipe HPV dan viral load HPV sebagai faktor prognostik untuk kekambuhan pada pasien kanker serviks dengan stadium IA2-IIA2. Metodologi: Studi ini memakai desain kohort retrospektif, dengan data dari rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais dari 2014-2019. Populasi studi adalah pasien kanker serviks stadium IA2-IIA2 yang menjalani histerektomi radikal dan limfadenektomi. Analisis molekuler untuk genotipe HPV dan viral load dilakukan pada tumor primer dan kelenjar getah bening (KGB). Analisis data melibatkan univariat, bivariat (Kaplan-Meier dan regresi Cox), dan analisis multivariat untuk menilai disease-free survival (DFS) dan mengidentifikasi faktor prognostik kekambuhan. Hasil: Sebagian besar pasien kanker serviks stadium IA2–IIA2 memiliki HPV16/18 pada tumor primer (75,9%) maupun KGB (66,5%), kelompok HPV unknown ditemukan sebanyak 18,2% dan 25,6%. Pada tumor primer (n=121), mayoritas HPV16/18 memiliki viral load tinggi (88,3%), sedangkan tipe non-16/18 umumnya rendah (79,4%); pola serupa terlihat pada kelenjar getah bening (84,2% dan 78,6%). Koinfeksi HPV16 dan 18 menunjukkan kecenderungan risiko lebih tinggi (aHR=1,79; 95%=CI 0,29–10,66). Pada kelompok non-metastasis KGB (n=82), koinfeksi 16 dan18 juga meningkatkan risiko kekambuhan (cHR 5,39; 95% CI 1,09–26,74; aHR 3,54; 95% CI 0,70–17,87). Infeksi HPV ganda merupakan faktor prognostik independen terkuat, meningkatkan hazard kekambuhan 4 kali lipat (95% CI 1,82–9,04) dan bahkan 6,63 kali pada subkelompok non-metastasis KGB (95% CI 1,71–25,69). Analisis stratifikasi menunjukkan kecenderungan tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) keras menurunkan efek genotipe dan viral load terhadap kekambuhan (log-rank p=0,046), namun belum dapat dipastikan sebagai efek modifikasi karena keterbatasan ukuran sampel. Kesimpulan: Temuan studi ini menyoroti pentingnya pemeriksaan genotipe HPV, terutama pada pasien yang ditemukan infeksi ganda, dan evaluasi komponen TILs sebagai panduan strategi tatalaksana klinis untuk pasien kanker serviks stadium awal.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health problem, with an estimated 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths annually. In Indonesia, cervical cancer is a major health burden, with 9.2% of women estimated to be affected in 2020. Despite radical hysterectomy, the recurrence rate in early-stage cervical cancer (IA2–IIA2) remains high, at approximately 20–30% within the first three years after treatment. This suggests the potential involvement of additional prognostic factors, such as Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotype and HPV viral load, which have not been extensively studied in early-stage cervical cancer in Indonesia. Objective: To determine the role of HPV genotype and HPV viral load as prognostic factors for recurrence in patients with stage IA2–IIA2 cervical cancer. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized medical record data from Dharmais Cancer Hospital from 2014–2019. The study population included patients with stage IA2–IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. Molecular analyses for HPV genotype and viral load were performed on primary tumors and lymph nodes. Data analyses included univariate, bivariate (Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression), and multivariate analyses to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and identify prognostic factors for recurrence. Results: Most patients had HPV16/18 in primary tumors (75.9%) and lymph nodes (66.5%), with HPV-unknown cases accounting for 18.2% and 25.6%, respectively. Among primary tumors (n=121), HPV16/18 infections predominantly showed high viral load (88.3%), whereas non-16/18 types mainly had low viral load (79.4%); similar patterns were observed in lymph nodes (84.2% and 78.6%). HPV16+18 coinfection demonstrated a tendency toward increased recurrence risk (aHR=1.79; 95% CI 0.29–10.66). In the non–lymph node metastasis subgroup (n=82), coinfection also increased recurrence risk (cHR 5.39; 95% CI 1.09–26.74; aHR 3.54; 95% CI 0.70–17.87). Multiple HPV infection emerged as the strongest independent prognostic factor, increasing recurrence hazard fourfold (95% CI 1.82–9.04), and up to 6.63-fold in the non-metastatic subgroup (95% CI 1.71–25.69). Stratified analysis suggested that high tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may reduce the effect of genotype and viral load on recurrence (log-rank p=0.046), although this potential effect modification remains inconclusive due to limited sample size. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of HPV genotyping, especially in patients with multiple infections, and evaluation of TIL components as a guide for clinical management strategies for patients with early-stage cervical cancer.
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