Abstrak: Objectives: We examined individual- and community-level influences on domestic violence in Uttar Pradesh, North India.

Methods: Multilevel modeling was used to explore domestic violence outcomes among a sample of 4520 married men.

Results: Recent physical and sexual domestic violence was associated with the individual-level variables of childlessness, economic pressure, and intergenerational transmission of violence. A community environment of violent crime was associated with elevated risks of both physical and sexual violence. Community-level norms concerning wife beating were significantly related only to physical violence.

Conclusions: Important similarities as well as differences were evident in risk factors for physical and sexual domestic violence. Higher socioeconomic status was found to be protective against physical but not sexual violence. Our results provide additional support for the importance of contextual factors in shaping women's risks of physical and sexual violence.

Abstrak: The present study investigates the prevalence of reproductive health morbidities, treatment-seeking behavior, and its association with sociodemographic correlates among unmarried and married adolescent girls of Sikkim. The study sample includes 1250 adolescent girls randomly selected from both urban and rural blocks of the State. Information on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, prevalence of reproductive health morbidities, and treatment-seeking behavior was collected using standard pretested questionnaires.

Results: of the study indicate that the prevalence of reproductive health morbidities among both married and unmarried girls is quite high. Age, media exposure, and economic status emerged as significant correlates of treatment-seeking practices among both married and unmarried girls. High prevalence of reproductive health morbidity in this vulnerable group, particularly in rural settings, requires urgent intervention of health planners. This study reinforces an indirect and mediatory role of socioeconomic and demographic factors in the prevalence of reproductive health morbidities and associated treatment-seeking behaviors.