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Kebisingan lalulintas jalan merupakan masalah utama masyarakat di daerah perkotaan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan, diantaranya gangguan kesehatan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebisingan lalulintas jalan terhadap gangguan kesehatan psikologis anak SDN Cipinang Muara Kecatamatan Jatinegara dan pengaruh faktor risiko lainnya seperti jarak, lama pajanan, lama sekolah dan umur. Disain penelitian adalah Kasus-kontrol, dengan populasi adalah anak sekolah dasar kelas IV, V dan VI. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 240 anak yang terdiri dari 80 kasus dan 160 kontrol. Cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan rancangan sampling bertingkat. Data Kebisingan diukur di dalam kelas, menggunakan Noise Logging Dosimeter Q-400/500. Analisis bivariabel dengan uji beda proporsi dengan kai kuadrat dan analisis multivariabel dengan uji regresi logistik ganda.Analisis bivariabel diperoleh ada pengaruh kebisingan, jarak dan lama pajanan dengan gangguan kesehatan psikologis, sedangkan lama sekolah dan umur tidak berpengaruh. Hasil analisis multivariabel mengindikasikan, bahwa anak sekolah dasar yang menerima kebisingan lalulintas jalan > 61,8 dBALeq dalam lingkungan sekolah berisiko 10,9 kali mengalami gangguan kesehatan psikologis dibanding dengan anak sekolah dasar yang menerima kebisingan lalulintas jalan ≤ 61,8 dBALeq secara bersama-sama dengan variabel jarak dan variabel lama pajanan. Perlu dilakukan sosialisasi dan penerapan peraturan perundangan tentang kebisingan dan dampaknya secara tegas dan konsisten. Pembinaan dan pengawasan dengan melakukan penyuluhan dan pemantauan kebisingan dan dampaknya secara berkala yang melibatkan lintas program dan sektor terkait. Untuk memastikan adanya inferensi kausal temporality, perlu dilakukan penelitian sejenis dengan disain studi kohort atau eksperimental, meningkatkan jumlah variabel yang secara substansi berpengaruh serta lokasi penelitian yang lebih tepat agar dapat menggambarkan kondisi lapangan yang lebih mantap.
The Effect of Road Traffic Noise on Psychological Health Disorders of School Children at Cipinang Muara Elementary School, Jatinegara Sub District, East Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta Province, 2005. The traffic noise is the main issue of the community who live in urban area because it may cause an adverse human health and psychological effects. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of road traffic noise to psychological health disorders on school children of Cipinang Muara elementary school at Jatinegara Sub District, and other risk factors such as distance, length of exposure, learning periode in school, and age. This research applied a case-control study with sample population of elementary school students from grade 4 to 6. Total samples were 240 children, including 80 cases and 160 controls. Data were collected through a multistage of random sampling. Data analysis used a computer program of univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Road traffic noise data measure in the classroom using noise logging dosimeter Q-400/500. Bivariate analysis (Chis-Square) and multiple logistic regression analysis are applied in the analysis. Bivariate analysis showed that there were a significantly effect of traffic noise, distance of seat, and length of exposure towards psychological health problems. On the other side, the length of school period and age of respondents did not have any significantly effect to the psychological health problems on the elementary school students. Multivariate analysis indicated that the elementary school students exposed to traffic noise more than 61.8 dBLAeq in the school area having a risk of psychological health problem 10.9 higher than those who were exposed to traffic noise less than 61.8 dBLAeq, a long with the distance variable and the length of noice exposure. It is required to socialize and apply the regulation on noise control and its impact in a consistently manner. Also, it is necessary to conduct health promotion and integrated monitoring both with inter-sector and inter-program. At last, to ensure the presence of inferential causal temporality, it is required to conduct further study with design of cohort or experimental study. This includes the increase of variable number and location of study in order to describe the real condition.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 37 pekerja (44%) mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengaran tinggi. Berdasarkan uji chi square, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebisingan > 85 dBA (p value=0,039, OR=2,8), usia (p value=0,012, OR=3,457) dan penggunaan alat pelindung telinga (APT) (p value=0,046, OR=2,761) dengan keluhan gangguan pendengaran. Sedangkan variabel masa kerja, riwayat penyakit telinga, riwayat hipertensi, riwayat diabetes, merokok, dan hobi terpajan bising tidak menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan.
Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan diatas NAB memiliki risiko 4,512 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan dibawah NAB setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia. Pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan berisiko untuk mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengeran. Pekerja yang berusia lebih dari 40 tahun dan tidak menggunakan APT saat berkeja memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengaran.
Kata kunci: Industri Tekstil, Kebisingan, Keluhan Gangguan Pendengaran
PT X is a textile industry in Indonesia with a variety of machinery and equipment generating high-intensity noise in several areas. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between noise intensity higher than 85 dBA with hearing loss complain on workers of spinning, weaving, and dyeing department at PT X. The method used in this study was quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study was 84 workers chosen by proportionate stratified random sampling method. The independent variable in this study was noise level while the dependent variable was hearing loss complaints, with confounding variables included characteristic and worker behavior.
The study result shows that 37 workers (44%) experienced hearing loss complaints. Based on the chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between noise > 85 dBA (p value = 0.039, OR = 2.8), age (p value = 0.012, OR = 3.457) and hearing protection device (HPD) utilization (p value = 0.046, OR = 2.761) with hearing loss complaints. Meanwhile, variables of the working period, ear disease history, hypertension history, diabetes history, smoking history, and noise exposure do not show a significant relationship.
The multivariate result shows that workers exposed to noise above TLV possess 4.512 times higher risk than the workers exposed to noise under TLV after being controlled by age variable. Noise-exposed workers are at risk of experiencing complaints of hearing loss. Workers who are over 40 years old and do not use HPD while working have a greater risk of experiencing hearing loss complaints.
Keywords: Hearing Loss Complain, Noise, Textile Industry
Industri kayu terutama yang memproduksi mebel menjadi salah satu primadona penghasil devisa negara selain minyak dan gas bumi. Namun dalam proses produksinya industri mebel seringkali menimbulkan masalah terhadap kesehatan kerja karena lingkungan kerja yang tercemar debu, terutama debu respirabel. Debu respirabel dapat memberikan resiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru berupa kelainan paru restriktif, obstruktif dan campuran keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi debu respirabel dengan gangguan fungsi paru pekerja yang terpajan debu di industri mebel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan disain cross sectional yang dilakukan terhadap 235 pekerja yang tersebar di 36 industri mebel yang ada di Kelurahan Jatinegara Kecamatan Cakung Jakarta Timur. Pengukuran konsentrasi debu respirabel menggunakan alat Personal Dust sampler using Cyclone yang dimasukkan ke dalam kaset filter holder untuk debu dengan diameter 3,7 micrometer. Alat ini diletakkan pada area pernafasan pekerja selama 8 jam kerja dengan teknik pengukuran menggunakan metode gravimetri. Dari hasil analisis diketahui rata-rata konsentrasi debu respirabel sebesar 2,95 mg/m3, dengan konsentrasi terendah 0,53 mg/m3 dan tertinggi 8,8 mg/m3, 25% industri mebel konsentrasi debu respirabel telah melebihi NAB. Prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru pekerja industri mebel 36,6% dengan katagori restriktif 48,8%, obstruktif 10,5% dan rest-obstruktif 40,7%. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata konsentrasi debu respirabel antara responden yang mengalami gangguan fungsi paru dengan respoden yang tidak mengalami gangguan fungsi paru. Bila variabel lain dianggap konstan maka pekerja yang bekerja di ruang kerja dengan konsentrasi debu tinggi akan memiliki resiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru 1,4 kali dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang bekerja di ruang kerja dengan konsentrasi debu rendah. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hubungan debu respirabel dengan gangguan fungsi paru adalah lama kerja dan penggunaan APD. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis komposisi debu respirabel dari industri mebel dengan bahan dasar kayu yang diawetkan, sehingga dapat diketahui berapa besar pengaruh debu respirabel di lingkungan kerja terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pekerja.
Wood industry especially producing furniture become one of most important producer of state's stock exchange besides gas and oil. But in their production process of furniture industry oftentimes generate problem with health work because of the working environment impure of dust, especially respirable dust. Respirable dust can be risk the happening of lung function disorder in the form disparity of paru restriktif, obstruktif and mixture of both. This research aim to know relation between concentration of dust respirabel with lung function disorder of worker which exposure of dust in furniture industry. This research was an observasional study with cross sectional design conducted to 235 worker which is spreadly at 36 furniture industry in Village of Jatinegara by Subdistrict of Cakung East Jakarta. Measurement of Concentration respirable dust use appliance of Personal Dust sampler using Cyclone entered into cassette of filter holder for dust with diameter 3,7 micrometer. This appliance is placed at area of exhalation of worker during 8 of working hours with technique of measurement use gravimetric method. From analysis known mean concentration of respirable dust is 2,95 mg/m3, with minimum concentration 0,53 mg/m3 and maximum concentration 8,8 mg/m3, 25% industry concentration of respirable dust have exceeded NAB. Prevalence of lung function disorder of industrial worker [of] furniture 36,6% by katagori restriktif 48,8%, obstruktif 10,5% and rest-obstruktif 40,7%. There is difference which significan of mean concentration of respirabel dust between responden having lung function disorder by respoden which is not having lung function disorder. If other variabel are constantly assumed so the worker who work in workroom with high concentration of dust will own risk the happening of lung function disorder 1,4 times compared by the worker who work in workroom with low concentration of dust. Other factor influencing of respirabel dust with lung function disorder is long time of work and use of work self protector. Need furthermore research to analyse composition of respirabel dust from furniture industry with elementary substance of conserved wood, so we know how big influence of respirabel dust in working environment to lung function disorder of worker.