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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus tends to increase and will increase in several years in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the prevalence of obesity closely related to the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 has also increased and is expected to increase in few years later. The study as a retrospective cohort aims to find out the relationship between the combination of general obesity (body mass index/BMI) and central obesity (waist-toheight ratio/WtHR) with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Central Bogor Subdistrict, Bogor City year 2011-2018, using secondary data of Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM. The results showed the cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 18.3% and more than half (51.2%) of respondents were obese. The proportion of incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in each category was 24.7% for the combination of general obesity and central obesity; 12.5% for central obesity only; and 50.0% for general obesity only. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the combination of general obesity and central obesity (RR = 1.914; 95% CI 1.514-2.418; p = 0.000) and general obesity only (RR = 5.013; 95% CI 1.58215.889; p = 0.006) were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus after controlled by age and triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, the central obesity only was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR = 1.024; 95% CI: 0.7611.377). The results of this study are still reliable and influenced by several things, including the AUC value for the cut-off point of LP-TB ratio is not ideal; the minimum sample size for each category (both exposed and unexposed); lower power of study in certain categories; remaining chance effect; the possibility of misclassification; and selection bias because of loss to follow up
Kata kunci: Penatalaksanaan DM, Kepatuhan diet, Lokus Kendali Diri Untuk Sehat
According to WHO, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that have been concerned as public health problem because of the number of cases continuously increased for decades and contributed 4,2 million deaths in 2019 where the largest proportion are people with type 2 diabetes. In Indonesia, DM is one of the non-communicable disease that cause major death. Diet is one of the important components of DM management to prevent disease complications. Adherence to diet becomes a very important behavior and requires self control to perform it. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between health locus of control on internal, powerful others and chance dimensions with dietary adherence among patients with type 2 DM at Depok City Hospital in 2020 along with another influencing factors. This study used a cross-sectional design with quantitative approach and data collection carried out through convenience sampling on 52 patients with type 2 DM who visited internist poly. The instrument used in this study are dietary adherence questionnaire, multidimensional health locus of control form C, diabetes knowledge questionnaire and questionnaire from the previous research. The results of this study indicate that patients have adequate dietary adherence values of 66,23 from scale of 100. Pearson correlation test results indicate that there are a significant relationship between health locus of control internal dimension with moderate and positive relationship with dietary adherence (r= 0,46) followed by powerful-others dimension which show moderate and positive relationship with dietary adherence (r= 0,28) while chance dimension show moderate and negative relationship with dietary adherence (r= -0,28). The other variables such as age, level of education, occupation, duration of DM and knowledge did not show a significant relationship with dietary adherence. However, sex variables show a significant relationship with dietary adherence with p value (0,029) and thought to be a disturbing variable of the relationship between health locus of control with dietary adherence. Therefore, an intervention and education are needed to increase awareness and patient responsibility towards adherence to diet.
Key words: Diabetes Self-Care Behaviour, Dietary Adherence, Health locus of control
ABSTRAK Nama : Atik Ruli Winarti Program Studi : Magister Epidemiologi Judul : Potensi Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus Sebagai Risiko Depresi di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilandak Tahun 2019 Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. dr. Ratna Djuwita Hatma, MPH Diabetes merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang dapat menimbulkan keluhan penyerta, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kondisi psikologis pasien. Salah satu gangguan psikologis yang dapat mucul adalah depresi. Kehadiran depresi dan kecemasan pada pasien diabetes akan memperburuk prognosis diabetes, meningkatkan ketidakpatuhan terhadap perawatan medis, mengurangi kualitas hidup dan meningkatkan angka kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi penyakit diabetes mellitus sebagai risiko depresi yang berbasis pada pelayanan kesehatan dasar, karena Puskesmas Cilandak menerapkan aplikasi e-jiwa dalam android untuk pendeteksian dini gangguan kesehatan mental. Desain studi dalam penelitian ini adalah case control, dimana kriteria kasus dan kontrol adalah sama, kasus adalah subyek penelitian yang berobat jalan di Poli Umum dan Poli Penyakit Tidak Menular yang menjawab “iya” ≥ 5 nomor pada pertanyaan nomor 1-20 dan kontrol adalah yang menjawab “iya” ≤ 4 nomor pada pertanyaan nomor 1-20 pada SRQ 29. Hasil penelitian ini responden yang mengalami diabetes mellitus beresiko 2,34 kali untuk terkena depresi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mengalami diabetes mellitus setelah dikontrol tingkat pendidikan dan penghasilan (95%CI; 1,37-3,99). Puskesmas sebaiknya membuat program untuk masyarakat yang datang ke Posbindu jika GDS ≥ 200 mg/dl maka akan dilakukan skrining gangguan kesehatan mental dengan menggunakan aplikasi e-jiwa, kemudian jika hasil skrining kuning dan merah maka pasien dirujuk ke Puskesmas untuk pemeriksaan dan pendiagnosaan lebih lanjut oleh dokter umum di Poli Konseling dan mendapatkan layanan konseling dengan psikolog klinis. Untuk masyarakat yang berkunjung rawat jalan di Puskesmas, perlu adanya skrining e-jiwa dan konseling oleh psikolog klinis di Poli Penyakit Tidak Menular sesuai tatanan yang ada. Kata kunci: diabetes mellitus, SRQ 29, depresi
ABSTRACT Name : Atik Ruli Winarti Study Program : Master of Epidemiology Title : The Potential of Diabetes Mellitus As A Risk For Depression In Cilandak Sub District Health Center Counsellor : Prof. Dr. dr. Ratna Djuwita Hatma, MPH Diabetes is a chronic disease that can cause comorbid complaints, which can affect the psychological condition of the patient. One of the psychological disorders that can arise is depression. The presence of depression and anxiety in diabetic patients will worsen the prognosis of diabetes, increase non-compliance with medical care, reduce quality of life and increase mortality. This study aims to determine the potential of diabetes mellitus as a risk of depression based on basic health services, because the Cilandak Health Center implements e-jiwa applications in android. The study design in this study was case control, where the criteria for cases and controls were the same, the case was the subject of outpatient research at the General Poly and the Non-Communicable Disease Poly who answered "yes" ≥ 5 numbers in question and controls were those answer "yes" ≤ 4 numbers in question number 1-20 in SRQ 29. The results of this study respondents who have diabetes mellitus are at risk of 2.34 times for depression compared with respondents who did not have diabetes mellitus after being controlled by education and income levels (95% CI; 1.37-3.99). Puskesmas should make a program for Posbindu if GDS ≥ 200 mg / dl, then screening using e-jiwa application, then if the results of screening are yellow and red the patient is referred to the Puskesmas for further examination and diagnosis. General practitioner at Poli Counseling and get counseling services with a clinical psychologist. For people who visit outpatient care in Puskesmas, it is necessary to have e-jiwa screening and counseling by a clinical psychologist at the Poly NonCommunicable Disease according to the existing order. Key words: diabetes mellitus, SRQ 29, depression
