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Provider initiated testing and counseling (PITC) merupakan program penanggulangan HIV/AIDS yang tepat dilaksanakan di Rutan Klas I Cipinang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan PITC. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional survey dengan data primer melalui kuesioner pada 130 responden tahanan dan Napi yang berisiko HIV/AIDS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemanfaatan pelayanan PITC sebanyak 52 responden atau 40% belum memanfaatkan pelayanan PITC . Hubungan antara pemanfaatan pelayanan PITC dengan penerimaan stigma dan diskriminasi terkait HIV/AIDS merupakan hubungan yang paling signifikan (p value = 0,000 ,OR 20,781). Sedangkan keyakinan manfaat PITC (p value = 0,000, OR = 12,372), Dukungan keluarga dan institusi (p value = 0,000, OR = 9,993), kebutuhan Pelayanan PITC (P value = 0,001, OR = 6,587), pengetahuan PITC (p value = 0,002, OR = 6,130), mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan. Maka dari itu, diperlukan kerjasama lintas program petugas kesehatan dan petugas keamanan, dalam bentuk penyuluhan rutin bagi pihak keluarga tahanan dan WBP yang berisiko HIV/AIDS untuk mengurangi stigma dan diskriminasi yang timbul dari pihak terdekat.
Provider initiated testing and counseling (PITC) is the response to HIV / AIDS is the right place in Class I Cipinang Rutan. This study aimed to identify factors associated with utilization of PITC services. This study uses cross-sectional survey approach with the primary data through questionnaires to 130 respondents detainees and inmates at risk of HIV / AIDS. The results showed a picture of service utilization PITC as much as 52 respondents or 40% did not use PITC services. The relationship between service utilization PITC with the acceptance of stigma and discrimination associated with HIV / AIDS is the most significant relationship (p value = 0.000, OR 20.781). While the benefits of PITC confidence (p value = 0.000, OR = 12.372), family and institutional support (p value = 0.000, OR = 9.993), Service needs of PITC (P value = 0.001, OR = 6.587), knowledge of PITC (p value = 0.002, OR = 6.130), had a significant relationship. With the results of this study is expected to be important information for policy makers to make this study as a reference in applying the PITC so that service standards more quickly accessed and used by WBP-risk prisoners and HIV / AIDS.
This thesis aimed to analyze the impact of criminalization of people who use drugsrelated risk factors in the criminalization are analyzed through the Focus of theDiscussion Group with prisoners and in-depth interviews with prison staff . Thisstudy uses qualitative method case study conducted in Jakarta Narcotics Prison in2014. The policy factors that dualism between criminal and public health approach inthe content and implementation of the policy, environmental factors is overcapacityand lack of health care services, the individual factors that drugs dependence andrisky behavior among prisoners that affect each other and impact on increasedvulnerability to physical, mental and social health problems.Keyword : Criminalization , Impact, People who use drugs, Public Health
Indonesia telah mengadopsi kebijakan akses obat ARV bagi semua penderita HIV/AIDS (universal access) sejak tahun 2006 dengan target waktu pencapaian pada akhir tahun 2009. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilujukan untuk mengetahui kesiapan pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab di bidang kesehatan dalam melaksanakan kebijakan tersebut di Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2009, dengan pendekatan model sistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menggali informasi secara mendalam. Peningkatan validitas data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer maupun data sekunder sena triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab di bidang kesehatan belum dapat melaksanakan kebiiakan obal ARV bagi semua penderita HIV/AIDS (universal access) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta sesuai target waktu. Penelitian menyarankan implementasi kebijakan tersebut perlu memperhatikan komunikasi kebijakan yang intensif kepada Iintas sektor terkail, optimalitas penggunaaan sumber daya, ketersediaan insentif yang berdampak Iangsung bai pelaksana kebUakan, dan koordinasi yang kuat antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah serta tempat layanan obat ARV.
Since 2006, Indonesia has adopted universal access policy for antiretroviral drug which is targeted to be achieved by the end ot' 2009. Therefore, the thesis is focused on examining the readiness of government authority in health sector in implementing the policy in DKI Jakarta Province 2009 by using model system. The design of the research is a qualitative approach. It is intended to explore deeper information on the policy implementation process. To ensure data validity, the research was done by using primary data obtained from in depth interview and secondary data from document assessment. Furthermore, data triangulation was also conducted. The result of the research showed that govemment authority in health sector is not able to achieve universal access for antiretroviral drug by the target time yet. It is suggested that the iinplementation of universal access for antiretroviral drug should consider several factors, i.c. intensive policy communication among related stakeholders, optimality in utilizing the resources, the availability of appropriate incentive for policy implementer, and strong coordination between central and district government and with the health facilities that offer antiretroviral therapy as well.
One of the mandates of Law Number 40 Year 2004 that the community gets the benefits of health care and protection for Basic Health Needs (KDK), and if the community requires hospitalization then it is served according to standard inpatient room. This is stated in National Health Insurance (JKN) Roadmap 2012-2019, equality of medical and non-medical benefit packages for JKN participants in hospitals in 2019, but so far this has not been realized. The issuance of PP Number 47 Yearf 2021 regulates standard classes that will be implemented on January 1, 2023 and also regulates intensive rooms, isolation rooms and provisions for full-time human resources. The study aims to analyze the readiness of implementation standard inpatient room (KRIS), intensive rooms, isolation rooms and the provision of full-time human resources using a quantitative approach (a questionnaire designed 12 concepts of KRIS JKN criteria in November 2021) and qualitative approch (in-depth interviews using the theory of Donald van Metter and Carl van Horn) at 22 hospitals in the Tangerang district. The results of the study show that the readiness of hospitals at the end of year 2021 to implement KRIS is still less than 60% of hospitals fulfill the criteria for density room (area for bed, minimum distance between beds are 1.5m2, maximum number of bed in KRIS); hospitals fulfilled 23% for intensive care criteria, 36% for isolation room; and 15%-20% full-time specialist doctors in private hospitals and 100% in government hospitals (quantity not quality). Suggestions for this research: the hospital does a mapping of the current availability of inpatient rooms and adjustments are made after the KRIS JKN criteria are set by the government; the government immediately make implementing regulations including firmness on the type of participation and tariffs to be applied so that hospitals can prepare them properly, harmonize regulations, provide tax breaks for medical devices, allocate special funds for government hospitals, massive socialization to hospitals or the wider community, conduct mapping doctors then collaborate with educational institutions that produce specialist doctors; Private hospitals also prepare special funds independently for the preparation of the KRIS JKN; the implementation of KRIS JKN, intensive rooms and isolation rooms is carried out in stages over the next 2- 4 years