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Kata kunci: Antibiotik, Informasi, Pemantauan, Puskesmas, Sistem
Antibiotics are the drugs most widely used and about 40-62% of antibiotics areused inappropriately, among others, to diseases that actually do not requireantibiotics. Improper use of antibiotics will affect the occurrence of bacterialresistance to antibiotics, morbidity and mortality as well as a negative impact oneconomic and social high. One of the policies to address the problem ofinappropriate antibiotic use is the monitoring of the use of antibiotics by usingindicators based on indicators of the use of prescription drugs that have beendeveloped by WHO. In Indonesia, monitoring of antibiotic use in health centerscommitted against non-pneumonia ARI and non-specific diarrhea.This study was done to make the design of information systems in health centersmonitoring the use of antibiotics that can be used to facilitate the health centermanagement in evaluating the use of antibiotics.The study was conducted using a qualitative research design to prototypingapproach to build a model of the information system model. This study resulted inthe design of databases and the design prototype of information systemmonitoring antibiotic use in health center pharmacy. Antibiotic Usage MonitoringInformation System Health Center can be implemented gradually adapted to theconditions and the ability of health centers. In the first stage can be developed onthe prescription drug space as a source of data and evaluation process carried outby analyzing the document in the medical record if the indicator antibiotic use inhealth centers has exceeded the established standards.
Key words: Antibiotic, Information, Monitoring, Primary Health Centre, System
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Usia Harapan Hidup (UHH) diperkirakan pada 2014 sudah mencapai 72 tahun. Peningkatan tersebut akan berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah lansia. Pada tahun 2050 mencapai 2 milyar lansia. Meningkatnya jumlah lansia menjadi perhatian kita semua, baik pemerintah, lembaga masyarakat maupun masyarakat itu sendiri. Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indonesia telah menetapkan indikator dalam pelayanan kesehatan lanjut usia. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, target indikator tersebut masih belum tercapai, terutama skrining kesehatan pada 100% lansia di panti werdha.
Tujuan : Mengembangkan sistem informasi pemantauan status kesehatan lansia agar dapat memonitoring status kesehatan lansia.
Metode : menggunakan metode kualitatif dan System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Hasil : Dengan dikembangkannya sistem informasi pemantauan status kesehatan lansia berbasis panti werdha, maka panti werdha dapat memberikan informasi capaian skrining kesehatan lansia dipanti kepada puskesmas dan suku dinas kesehatan. Selain itu, keluarga lansia juga dapat memonitoring status kesehatan lansia.
Kesimpulan : Pengembangan sistem informasi ini menghasilkan data status kesehatan individu lansia dilevel panti terkait capaian indikator skrining kesehatan pada 100% lansia dipanti yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh puskesmas, suku dinas kesehatan maupun keluarga lansia.
ABSTRACT
Background: life expectancy estimated in 2014 has been reached 72 years. The increase will have an impact on the increasing number of elderly. In 2050 will be reached 2 billion elderly. The increasing number of elderly being attention for government, community agencies and the community itself. Indonesian republic's ministry of health has set an indicator in elderly health care. But in practice, the target indicator is still not achieved, especially at 100% health screening elderly in nursing homes.
Objective: develop monitoring health status information systems to elderly.
Methods: using qualitative methods and System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Results: developed of monitoring information system based on the health status of elderly nursing homes, can provide performance indicator of elderly health screening to the primary health care and district of health. In addition, elderly relatives can also monitor the health status of elderly.
Conclusion: these information system development to produce health status data of elderly individuals associated performance indicators nursing homes at 100% health screening elderly in nursing homes, which can be used by primary health care, district of health and elderly families.
Gizi buruk yang melanda balita pada suatu daerah meskipun kejadiannya hanya pada 1 nak merupakan pertanda telah terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) gizi di daerah tersebut. Upaya penanggulangan gizi buruk dapat dilakukan didahului oleh informasi dari sistem surveilans gizi pada daerah tersebut, salah satu kegiatan sistem ini adalah Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) balita di posyandu setiap bulannya. Tidak hanya gizi buruk yang dapat diamati dari kegiatan ini, kelainan gizi yang lainpun dapat dideteksi. Hasil penelitian padakota Bengkulu menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi kegiatan PSG balita setiap bulannya di posyandu tidak dapat memberikan informasi tentang besaran masalah kelainan gizi pada balita tetapi dapat memberikan informasi tentang tingkat pencapaian indikator SKDN sebagai bagian dari informasi pelaksanaan program penanggulangan Kekurangan Energi dan Protein (KEP) pada balita di posyandu. Rendahnya kualitas data disebabkan oleh sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan oleh puskesmas dilakukan secara manual disamping alat ukur timbang yang tidak sama tingkat kalibrasinya antar posyandu, dirnana untuk anak umur di atas 2 tahun diukur dengan timbangan injak yang berbeda merek dan tahun penggunaan antar posyandu, sedangkan anak umur 2 tahun ke bawah diukur menggunakan dacin. Penyebab lain tidak dapatnya kegiatan PSG balita di posyandu memberikan informasi tentang besaran masalah gizi di daerah ini adalah karena rendahnya tingkat pemanfaatan posyandu oleh masyarakat sasaran. Perihal di atas menimbulkan kebijakan akan perlunya survei PSG dilaksanakan satu kali setiap tahunnya. Pelaksanaan survei tidak efisien dalam memperoleh informasi besaran masalah gizi pada balita selagi sistem surveilans gizi melalui kegiatan PSG setiap bulannya di posyandu dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik. Penelitian ini menjawab akan perbaikan masalah di atas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tersusunnya model sistem informasi yang adekuat, efektif dan efisien yang menghasilkan informasi untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam rangka penyelenggaraan program penanggulangan KEP balita dalam lingkup dinas kesehatan kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan siklus hidup pengembangan sistem yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, analisis, perancangan dan pelaksanaan. Tahap pelaksanaan hanya sampai pada kegiatan dokumentasi sistem. Pengumpulan data dan informasi melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi dokumen. Unit analisis adalah Sub Dinas Kesehatan Keluarga dan Pengelola Program Gizi Puskesmas dalam lingkup Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototipe program aplikasi basis data yang dapat digunakan dalam menunjang proses analisis, pelaporan dan penyajian informasi secara cepat, tepat dan akurat, oleh karena itu penelitian ini merekomendasikan akan perlunya seorang validator sistem sebagai pengendali pemasukan data basil penimbangan yang dilakukan oleh petugas. Komitmen petugas untuk teliti dalam memasukkan data dengan benar adalah faktor utama keberhasilan sistem. Adekuatnya sebuah sistem informasi kegiatan PSG balita di posyandu setiap bulannya tidak terlepas dari peran lintas sektor untuk menggairahkan posyandu untuk terus melakukan aktivitasnya dan selalu dimanfaatkan oleh seluruh masyarakat sasaran setiap bulannya sebagaiman Surat Edaran Menteri Dalam Negeri dan Otonomi Daerah tentang Pedoman Umum Revitalisasi Posyandu No. 411.311116ISJ Tanggal 13 Juni 2001. Berjalannya sistem informasi ini dengan baik membutuhkan komitmen dan kebijakan yang kuat dari penentu kebijakan, aturan yang jelas tentang organisasi pelaksana, penegakan sistem reward dan punisment secara kontinu dan konsisten, motivasi yang kuat dari pelaksana dan dukungan dana yang berkesinambungan.
One case of severe malnourished child found in a community could be the sign of an Outbreak. Effort to combating malnutrition can be prior done by nutritional surveillance system in that particular area, which one of the activities is monitoring of nutritional assessment in posyandu regularly every month. Within these activities we could earlier detect other sign of diseases instead of malnutrition. Result research done in Bengkulu City have showed that information system on monitoring of nutritional assessment was unable to give a broad information on the magnitude of malnutrition, however it give information for indicator achievement. Early warning system (SKDN) is known as part of implementation program information to overcome malnutrition among underfive children in posyandu. Low data qualities are caused by manually reporting and recording system by puskesmas staff instead of diverse weighing scale calibration degree among posyandu. The fact that children above 2 years old were measured by standing weighing scale with different branch and year, while those children under 2 years old were measured by dacin. Others causes were low utilization rate of posyandu by target community. Therefore according to the above explanation, policy on monitoring of nutritional assessment seemed very important to be implemented for once a year. Survey execution was inefficient in gathering information of magnitude of malnutrition among underfive children if surveillance system by monitoring of nutritional assessment every month could be regularly done. This study has answered those issues. The objective of the study was to create adequate, effective and accurate system information model that aimed to obtained information in support decision maker for combating malnutrition among underfive children in Health District office in Bengkulu City. The methodology used for this study was life cycle approach on system development which consist of planning, analysis, development and implementation phase. The implementation phase only reached on the documentation system activities. Data collection and information were gathered through in depth interview and observation. Analysis unit was Family Health Department and Nutrition Program Management within Health District office in Bengkulu City. This study have resulted program prototype on application data-based used to support analyses process, report and information presentation in efficient, precise and accurate. Therefore the results recommend the need of validation system as controller of aniropometric data done by puskesmas staff. Staff commitment to correctly input data is a major factor for the success of the system later on. Adequate information system on monitoring of nutritional assessment for underfive children in posyandu every month is not the out reached of corporation with other sectors to revitalize continuing posyandu activities and being used regularly by target community for every month. As state in letter of Ministry of General Affair and District Autonomy General Guideline for posyandu revitalization No. 411.3/1 1 16/SJ on June, 13 2001. Good Implementation of information system is required strong commitment from decision maker, clear rule on the organization, reward and punishment system with continue and consistent, strong motivation from the implementer and lastly continues financial support.