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ABSTRAK Nama : Vina Giolisa Permata Sari Program Studi : Pascasarjana Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penurunan Berat Badan Ibu Postpartum di Kota Depok Tahun 2015 (Analisis Data Sekunder) Proses kehamilan akan menaikan berat badan ibu sekitar 6,8 - 18,40 kg. Setelah melahirkan, berat badan ibu hanya akan berkurang sekitar 5 - 6 kg. Penumpukan berat badan setelah melahirkan dapat membuat wanita menjadi overweight atau obesitas. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, banyak ibu postpartum yang melakukan diet pada masa menyusui agar kembali ke berat badan semula, sehingga asupan kalorinya kurang dari kebutuhan. Padahal kebutuhan ibu menyusui (2530 - 2600 kkal/hari) lebih banyak dibandingkan saat hamil (2380 - 2500 kkal/hari). Hal ini menyebabkan ibu gagal memberikan ASI eksklusif yang sebenarnya dapat membantu penurunan berat badan pasca melahirkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian Fikawati (2015) yang menggunakan desain penelitian kohort prospective pada ibu menyusui di Kota Depok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penurunan berat badan ibu postpartum. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 201 ibu menyusui yang dipantau hingga 6 bulan postpartum. Variabel yang diteliti terdiri dari usia, pendidikan, paritas, status bekerja, pemberian ASI eksklusif dan asupan energi selama menyusui. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 89% ibu mengalami penurunan berat badan pasca 6 bulan postpartum sedangkan sisanya sebanyak 11% justru mengalami kenaikan berat badan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan (p=0,041) dan pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,004) dengan penurunan berat badan postpartum. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi penurunan berat badan adalah ASI eksklusif. Setiap ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif pada bayinya, berat badannya akan berkurang sebanyak 1,792 kg setiap bulannya. Disarankan agar ibu tidak melakukan diet berlebih dan tetap memberikan ASI eksklusif 6 bulan kepada bayinya Kata Kunci : ASI eksklusif, Penurunan berat badan, Postpartum, Retensi Berat Badan
ABSTRACT Name : Vina Giolisa Permata Sari Major : Graduate Program Public Health Nutrition Title : Analysis of Factors Affecting Postpartum Weight Loss in Depok City 2015 (Secondary Data Analysis) Pregnancy will increase mother’s weight about 6.8 - 18.40 kg. After delivery, the weight decrease only about 5 - 6 kg. The retention of postpartum weight will made mother being overweight or obese. Based on these conditions, many postpartum mothers do diet during breastfeeding to return the weight as before pregnant, so that their calorie intake less than they needs. Though the needs of breastfeeding mothers (2530 - 2600 kcal / day) more than pregnant (2380 - 2500 kcal / day). This condition causes mother failed to give an exclusive breastfeeding that can actually help postpartum weight loss. This study used secondary data from Fikawati’s study (2015) with prospective cohort study designs in breastfeeding mothers in Depok City. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence postpartum weight loss. The sample of the study was 201 breastfeeding mothers which monitored for up to 6 months postpartum. The variables studied consisted of age, education, parity, working status, exclusive breastfeeding and energy intake during breastfeeding. The results showed about 89% of mothers lose weight after 6 months postpartum while the remaining 11% actually gained weight. There was a significant correlation between education level (p = 0,041) and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0,004) with postpartum weight loss. The most dominant factor influencing weight loss is exclusive breastfeeding. Every mother who exclusively breastfed her baby will lose weight as much as 1,792 kg monthly. It is recommended that mothers does not need to do extremely diet and give an exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months Keywords : Exclusive Breastfeeding, Postpartum, Retention, Weight Loss
This dissertation aims to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of a positive deviation of growth until the age of five months and experience the positive deviant behavior in families with low economic status. The research type is a combination of quantitative research (prospective cohort) with qualitative research (Rapid Assessment Procedure). The sample size was 61 infants of low birth weight (2000-2499 g) were born at term. Samples were obtained from 5 hospitals 7 midwife clinics in the city of Pekanbaru. The results showed that at the age of five months of positive growth deviation of 65.6%. Factors that influence breastfeeding, infant health and caring environment. Positive Deviants behavior is the frequency of breastfeeding within 24 hours more than 12 times, check the health of babies born after one week, mother to keep the house, father helped care for infants, a decision with his mother and grandmother in infant feeding.
Borax is toxic to all cells. The effect on the body depends on theconcentration achieved. Because the highest levels achieved on time excreted thekidney is the organ most affected compared to other organs. Borax fatal dose ofbetween 0.1-0.5 g / kg body weight. Many case reports of poisoning hazard borax.The incidence of poisoning occur anywhere due to swallowing food insecure.Borax must be prevented because the content of toxcity. Explanation andawareness about the dangers of borax is indispensable because it is so easyconsumer exposure through food contain borax.The main purpose of research is to determine the factors that affect thebehavior of the use of borax from meatballs traders in South Tangerang City Year2016. This study used a case control design with a sample size of 150 sellers whoproduce their own meatballs. This study was conducted in April-June, 2016.The results of this study showed no statistically significant associationbetween the use of behavioral factors predipose with borax, namely the trainingvariable has P value = 0,960, P value of knowledge = 0539, and P value ofattitudes = 0.464. Reinforcing factors relating to the behavior of the use of boraxis coaching, P value = 0.045, odds ratio (OR) = 2,528 (95% CI: 1091-5858). Thisindicates that respondents who receive coaching, 2,528 times more for not usingborax compared with respondents who did not receive coaching. Multivariateanalysis as a whole, then the use of borax in the respondent can be predicted bythe availability of borax and coaching. Coaching will reduce the use of borax by2.198. Advice can be given that, there should be an increase in guidance andtougher of government to monitor illicit circulation of foodstuffs especially borax.Keywords: borax, behavior, meatballs, traadders.
Menstruasi pertama atau menarche adalah tanda dimulainya haid yaitu keluamya cairan darah berupa luruhnya lapisan dinding dalam rahim yang banyak mengandung pembuluh darah. Secara umum menarche merupakan dimulainya kematangan kapasitas reproduksi seorang wanita dengan ditandai berkembangnya karakteristik seksual sekunder seorang wanita. Keadaan ini menandakan kesiapan seorang wanita untuk berhubungan seksual, hamil dan melahirkan. Jika dalam usia remaja telah terjadi kehamilan maka akan terjadi kompetisi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi antara kebutuhan untuk bertumbuh remaja itu sendiri dengan kebutuhan gizi untuk janin yang dikandungnya. Dengan demikian akan terjadi kekurangan gizi diantara keduanya, akan terjadi gizi kurang dan anemia untuk ibunya sedangkan untuk bayi akan lahir dengan berat badan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan diperolehnya informasi tentang hubungan faktor berat badan lahir, status gizi (IM1) dan pola konsumsi iemak, persen lemak tubuh, sosial ekonomi orangtua, umur menarche ibu keterpaparan media massa dan aktivitas olahraga dengan umur menarche remaja putri 9- 15 tahun di Perunmas Kp Baru Kota Pariaman. Waktu penelitian pada bulan Maret - April 2007 dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional dan bersifat deskriptif analitik. Besar sampel sebanyak 255 remaja putri. Analisis data dilakukan secara bertahap dimulai dari univariat untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi masing-masing variabel, bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan masing-masing variabel independen dengan variabel status menarche (chi square) dan multivariat untuk mengetahui fuktor yang paling dominan dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 255 responden sebanyak 158 orang (61,9 %) telah menarche. Rata- rata umur menarche adalah 12,1 ± 0,91 tahun. Umur menarche termuda 9,2 tahun dan tertua adalah 14 tahun. Berat badan lahir responden lebih besar atau sama dengan 2.500 gram (86,5 %), status gizi responden kategori normal (78,8 %), persen lemak tubuh kategori normal (62,4%) , FFQ konsumsi lemak dengan kategori sering berturut-turut !auk hewani, !auk nabati dan makananjajanan (53,3 %, 50,5% dan 52,6 %), pendidikkan orangtua SLTA (41,2 %). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara berat badan lahir, status gizi, persen lemak tubuh, Frekuensi lauk nabati, uang jajan, status pekerjaan ayah dan aktivitas olahraga dengan status menarche. Dari basil uji multivariat terdapat 4 variabel independen berhubungan secara be!lilllkna dengan status menarche yaitu variabel status gizi, frekuensi lauk nabati, berat badan lahir, dan persen lernak tubuh dengan status menarch. Status gizi rnerupakan faktor yang paling dominan. Rernaja dengan status gizi baik lebih cepat menarche 11,320 kali dibandingkan remaja dengan status gizi kurang setelah dikontrol oleh, persen lemak tubuh, berat badan lahir dan frekuensi !auk nabati. Oleh sebab itu disarankan untuk rneningkatkan program promosi kesehatan khususnya kebutuhan gizi remaja untuk menanggulangi kekurangan gizi yang berakibat teljadinya berat badan lahir rendah. Program promosi gizi dan kesehatan reproduksi sudah harus diberikan sedini mungkin, karena remaja mernerlukan persiapan gizi yang baik untuk menjadi calon ibu untuk dapat melahirkan anak dengan berat badan bayi lebih besar dari 2.500 gram.
First menstruation or menarche is a sign of menstruation started when blood drew from process of uterus partition shedding which have some blood vessel. In general menarche is a maturity of women's reproduction capacity which signed by women's secondary sexual grow. In this condition, women ready for sexual activities, pregnant and get birth. This a faster women get menarche the sooner they can do active sexual activities, pregnant and birth deliveri. If young girls had pregnant can be competition in nutrient need between young girl's needed and fetoes needed that hers pregnancies on the other hand. So can be malnutrition all of them, calories protein malnutrition and anemia for young girls and giving low birth weight for the baby. This research's aim to have some information about the relation of birth weight, nutrition status (BMI), body fat percentage, fat consumption, the girls snack cost, mother's menarche age, parent's social economic (education, occupation, income of parents,have children, nwnber of family size, cost of day food) explanted of information of adult's mass media and sport activities with menarche status of young girls 9 - 15 years old in Perumnas Kp Baru Pariaman City. Research Period on March - April 2007 by cross sectional design and descriptive analytic. The nwnber of samples are 255 young girls is taken randomly from the estate. The data analysis including univariate, bivariate (chi square) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression). The finding of result are found that 255 respondent, 158 samples (61,9 %) have menarche. The average of the age of menarche 12,1± 0,91 years. The youngest age of menarche 9,2 years old and the oldest is 14 years. Birth weight respondent 2.500 grams (86,5 %), nutrition status respondent in normal category (78,8 %), body fut percentage in normal category (62,4 %), Frequency fat conswnption with category often in succession animal fat, vegetables fut and snack (53,3 %, 50,5 %, and 52,6 %), parent's education categories are senior high school (41,2 %). Bivariat analysis result shows significant relation between birth weight, nutrition status, body fat percentage , Frequency of vegetable fat, the girls snack cost, father job's status and sport activities with menarche status. According to result of multivariate research, there's 4 independent variable that significant relation with menarche status that are birth weight, nutrition status variable, frequency of vegetable fat and body fat percentages with menarche status. The dominant factor is nutrition status because the Odds Ratio value of nutrition status is the highest than others variables. Young girls whose good nutrition status occurring of menarche 11,320 times than young girls whose under nutrition status after controlled birth weight, body fat percentages and frequency of vegetables fat variables. We suggest to promote teenager nutrient needs and the risks/ danger of food lack and teenager reproduction health information has known in earlier age,because young girls needs good nutrition preparing tobe good mother whose have a baby birth weight more than 2.500 grams.
