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Konsep pelayanan kesehatan kerja pada Puskesmas di kawasan industri dikembangkan berdasarkan SK Menkes No 128/Menkes/SK/II/2004. Puskesmas yang dalam wilayah kerjanya terdapat kawasan industri mempunyai tanggung jawab mengembangkan pelayanan kesehatan yang dilakukan dengan melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat pekerja yaitu di Puskesmas sebagai tempat kerja yang memiliki risiko kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja bagi petugasnya. Selain itu Puskesmas di kawasan/sentra industri mempunyai tanggung jawab terhadap pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan kerja di sektor formal maupun non formal.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan cakupan pemenuhan program pelayanan kesehatan kerja di Puskesmas, sektor formal dan non formal dan melakukan analisa aspek input, proses dan output terhadap pemenuhan pelayanan kesehatan kerja di Puskesmas Kabil Kota Batam tahun 2010-2012. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi evaluasi yang menggunakan metode analisis konten dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk melihat pemenuhan dan tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan kerja pada Puskesmas Kabil.
Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa kebijakan, sumber daya dan perencanaan program pelayanan kesehatan kerja di Puskesmas Kabil masih kurang. Program pelayanan kesehatan kerja di Puskesmas Kabil masih memfokuskan pada upaya kuratif untuk penegakan diagnosa, pemeriksaan kesehatan dan pengobatan dari PAK/PAHK/KAK. Upaya promosi kesehatan kerja masih terbatas pada upaya sosialisasi dan SOP kesehatan kerja di lingkungan Puskesmas Kabil. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya peningkatan komitmen, kebijakan, sumber daya dan perencanaan program pelayanan kesehatan kerja dan kerjasama lintas sektoral di Puskesmas Kawasan Industri.
The concept of occupational health services at the Community Health Center in the industrial area developed based on Menkes (Ministry of Health) Decree No. 128/Menkes/SK/II/2004. The Community Health Center in its working area there is an industrial area has the responsibility to develop health services performed by implementing health services to workers communities at the Community Health Center as a workplace that has a health and safety risks for officers. In addition Community Health Centers in the industrial area has the responsibility for the implementation of occupational health services in the formal and non-formal sectors.
This type of research is a study of evaluation using the method of content analysis with a qualitative approach to see the fulfillment and the rate of successful of occupational health services implementation at Kabil Community Health Center.
The results of this research is that the policies, resources and occupational health services program planning at Kabil Community Health Center is still lacking. The Occupational health services program in Kabil Community Health Center still focused on curative measures for the enforcement of diagnosis, medical examination and treatment from PAK/PAHK/KAK. The effort of occupational health promotion still limited to the socialization efforts and Standard Operating Procedures of occupational health in the area of Kabil Community Health Center. Suggestion of this research is the need for increase of commitment, policies, resources and program planning of occupational health services and cross-sectoral cooperation in the Community Health Center of Industrial Area.
The quality of a hospital depends on two things, they are : services provides byhealth officer also facilities and supporting infrastructure of the building itself.Many Indonesian people (which is live in urban or border area) goes abroad onlyfor medical treatment reason. That is not because of the poor quality of servicesprovides by health officer but mostly because our hospital facilities andsupporting infrastructure is very poor, therefore the trust of our people forchoosing medical treatment within the country is decreasing. The objection of thisresearch is to evaluate the application of occupational health and safety in GeneralHospital of Tangerang City according to the standard stipulated in Minister ofHealth's Desicion No. 1087/ MENKES/ SK/ VIII/ 2010. Method of data analysisis descriptive qualitative. This research is perform during June 2014. Its facilitiesand supporting infrastructure have fulfilled the minimum requirements of Ministerof Health's Desicion No. 1087/ MENKES/ SK/ VIII/ 2010 while several parts ofthem need improvement.Keywords: hospital building evaluation, hospital facilities and infrastrusture,General Hospital of Tangerang City.
Abstrak
Penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (SMK3) adalah merupakan cara dalam mengelola resiko di tempat kerja yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang aman, selamat dan nyaman. Sejak tahun 1996 penerapan SMK3 menjadi ketentuan wajib bagi perusahaan berdasarkan Permenaker No. PER. 05/MEN/1996 tentang SMK3, namun jumlah perusahaan yang menerapkannya masih belum sebanding dengan jumlah perusahaan yang ada di Indonesia.
Tesis ini meneliti dan menganalisa tingkat pemenuhan penerapan SMK3 berdasarkan laporan audit eksternal badan audit tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2012. Penelitian ini merupakan study evaluatif terhadap data skunder sebanyak 793 perusahaan yang telah mendapatkan sertifikasi SMK3 dari Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi RI.
Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa perusahaan pada sektor industri pengolahan mempunyai tingkat kepatuhan terhadap peraturan yang lebih tinggi di banding sektor lain. Sedangkan perusahaan di sektor konstruksi tingkat penerapan K3 nya lebih rendah dibanding sektor yang lain. Faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam pemenuhan penerapan Sistem Manajemen K3 adalah permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan pembuktian kompetensi personil khususnya di bidang manajemen resiko.
Implementation of occupational safety and health management systems (SMK3) is a way of managing risks in the workplace that aims to create a safe working environment, safety and comfortable. Since 1996 the implementation of the provisions SMK3 become mandatory for companies based decree of the Minister of Manpower No. PER. 05/MEN/1996 about SMK3, but the number of companies that implement it are still not comparable to the total number of companies in Indonesia.
This thesis examines and analyzes the application of SMK3 level of compliance by the external audit agency audit report in 2010 until 2012. This study is an evaluative study on secondary data as much as 793 companies that have been certified SMK3 of the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration.
From the research shows that companies in the manufacturing sector have a level of regulatory compliance is higher than other sectors. While companies in the construction sector level of OSH implementation is lower than the other sectors. Factors which become obstacles in the fulfillment of the occupational safety and health management systems implementation is the problems related to proving the competence of personnel especially in the area of risk management.
Indonesia has higher work related accident than European Country. They were 171 workers fatally injured in England, meanwhile, they were 4.380 workers function disabilities, 42 has physical defect, and 2.144 died. At 1996, OSHA releases 5 core elements, one of them is evaluation of program effectiveness. PP no. 50, 2012 says occupational safety and health have to evaluated. Therefore, this research have done to evaluated OSH programs.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates that in year 2020 the rate of new cancer cases will increase up to 300% to an estimated 27 million people with 17 million estimated to die. At that time, there will be approximately 75 million people in the world who suffer from cancer where 70% of the cancer patients will be from developing countries. With the increasing amount of cancer patients throughout the world, the usage of radiotherapy will also increase. In reality, although the process has been very tightly controlled and supervised, accidents caused by an overdose of radiation exposure still occurs. From a number of radiation accidents, it has been found that the cause is not only due to technical factors, but that planning and administration also plays a role. This factor will be magnified with the increasing work load the radiotherapy operators have to handle with the total patients exceeding the capacity of the available equipment. The purpose of this research is to develop a work health and safety program at XYZ hospital, not only for the safety of the radiation technicians (occupational exposure) and public safety (public exposure) but also and especially for the patients safety (medical exposure). The development of the program is done by identifying all the dangers as well as conducting a risk analysis on each step of the process of providing radiotherapy services. To get an overall picture of the implementation of the health management and safety system, the evaluation is made against the OHSAS 1800:2007 and the IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3. Based on the risk analysis and the "gap" analysis with OHSAS 18002:2007 and the IAEA GS-R-3, to reduce the risks identified, the risk management recommendations made are more for the procedural management as well as the continuous development of the manpower competency.
Berdasarkan estimasi dari International Agancy for Research on Cancer (IARC) diperkirakan pada tahun 2020, kasus baru penyakit kanker akan meningkat hingga mencapai 300% yaitu sekitar 27 juta penderita dengan jumlah kematian sekitar 17 juta jiwa. Pada saat itu didunia akan terdapat sekitar 75 juta orang yang menderita penyakit kanker dimana 70 % dari penderita kanker tersebut akan terjadi dinegara yang sedang berkembang. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah penderita kanker diseluruh dunia maka jumlah pemanfaatan terapi radiasi juga semakin meningkat. Tapi kenyataannya, walaupun pengendalian dan pengawasan telah dilakukan dengan sangat ketat, kecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh paparan radiasi disebabkan dosis yang berlebih terhadap pasien masih tetap saja terjadi. Dari beberapa kasus kecelakaan radiasi, faktor penyebabnya tidak saja desebabkan oleh faktor teknis, faktor perencanaan maupun administrasi juga mempunyai peran. Faktor ini akan bertambah lagi dengan beban kerja operator radioterapi dalam menangani pasien yang jumlahnya melebihi kapasitas peralatan yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan suatu program kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di RS XYZ tidak saja untuk keselamatan pekerja radiasi (occupational exposure), keselamatan publik (public exposure) tetapi juga yang terutama untuk keselamatan pasien (medical exposure). Pengembangan program tadi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi seluruh bahaya yang ada dalam proses pelayanan radioterapi beserta kajian risiko untuk mengetahui level bahaya dari setiap tahap kegiatan. Evaluasi sistem yang ada juga dilakukan terhadap standar OHSAS 18001:2007 maupun IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3 untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara menyeluruh dari penerapan sistem manajemen kehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Dari hasil analisa Risiko dan hasil evaluasi OHSAS 18001:2007 dan Standard IAEA GS-3-R, dalam hal mengurangi risiko radiasi yang telah diidentifikasi, maka usulan pengendalian risiko lebih banyak diusulkan pada pengendalian secara prosedural disertai pengembangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia secara terus menerus.
