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Gangguan pendengaran karena bising merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang sering ditemui pada perusahaan manufaktur. Hazard yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran meliputi bising, zat kimia dan getaran. Ruang lingkup penelitian tesis ini adalah melihat dampak pajanan bising terhadap fungsi pendengaran pekerja yang terpajan bising diatas 82 dBA. Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional study yang meneliti hubungan faktor independen berupa dosisi pajanan dalam perhitungan leq, umur dan masa kerja serta faktor penggangu berupa pemakaian alat pelindung diri serta kebiasaan dengan fungsi pendengaran pekerja. Dari survei tingkat bising ditemukan departemen PVC, CDM, CDS dan CDB mempunyai tingkat kebisingan diatas nilai ambang batas yang diperbolehkan.
Hasil pemeriksaan audiometri ditemukan dua orang responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran satu orang berumur diatas 40 tahun, bekerja pada ruangan PVC dimana merupakan tingkat pajanan bising tertinggi di pabrik ini dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran lainnya merupakan pekerja yang berumur dibawah 40 tahun dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Dari hasil analisis statistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara Leq pajanan bising, faktor masa kerja, pemakaian alat pelindung diri dan kebiasaan merokok dengan gangguan pendengaran. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara umur dan gangguan pendengaran dengan OD ratio 7.99.
Noise induced hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases are often found in manufacturing companies. Hazard that can cause hearing loss include noise, chemicals and vibration. The scope of this thesis research on the impact of noise exposure on hearing function of workers exposed to noise above 82 dBA. This type of research is a cross-sectional study examining the relationship be an independent factor in the noise dose exposure (leq), age and working period and disturbance factors such as the use of personal protective equipment, smoking with hearing function. From the survey found noise levels PVC department, CDM, CDS and CDB have noise levels above the permitted threshold value.
Audiometric examination found two participant who suffered from hearing loss. Respondents who suffered from hearing loss a person aged over 40 years, working on PVC indoor noise exposure level which is the highest in the plant and it has been working for more than 5 years. Other participant who suffered from hearing loss is under the age of 40 years and has been working for more than 5 years. From the analysis found no statistically significant relationship between Leq noise exposure, working period, the use of personal protective equipment and smoking with hearing loss. Found a significant relationship between age and hearing loss with OD ratio 7.99.
Kata Kunci: bising, keluhan gangguan pendengaran
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is the most event that happen in industrial ofmanufacture. This event mostly associated by noise exposure. Many noise hazardin PT. NGK Busi Indonesia, Jakarta that sourced from machinery and otherworking equipment. This study designed by cross-sectional method againts dailynoise dose exposure and hearing loss complaints that there are confoundingfactors such as working period, ear protective equipment, smoking, shootinghobby, listening music with head-set, watching rock concert, discotic, history ofhearing illness, neurotoxic drugs, and degenerative illness. This study was usingtools such as result of daily noise dose exposure measurement and fullfillmentquestionaire. According to relationship analysis of two variable there is onlyfactor of smoking habit that have strongly associated with hearing loss complaintswith p-value <0,05. This should be improvement of Hearing Loss PreventionProgram Implementation such as initial audit, identification and analize noisesource, supervise enhancement of ear protective equipment utilization, periodicalaudiometry, education and motivation programs, documentation and programaudit of hearing loss prevention program.
Keywords: Noise, Hearing Loss Complaints
Kata Kunci: gangguan pendengaran, pajanan kebisingan, usia, masa kerja, pekerja industri
Exposure to noise is the most common cause of hearing loss, leading to noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). This study evaluated hearing loss associated with noise exposure related to age, length of employment, length of exposure, the use of personal protective equipment, smoking habits, hobbies associated noise and diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension in workers. This is a cross-sectional observational study examined the independent variable, the dependent variable, and confounding variables at the same time. Using the company secondary data, through observation, measurement and questionnaire. Noise measurement results indicate that the potential area of potential noise is 63 dBA as the lowest noise and the highest is 110, 6 dBA, field noise level area ranging from 84.88 - 93 dBA. Nonfield noise area 79.5 dBA. Exposure effective noise below 80 dBA, either in the field or nonfield area; 7.1% of workers worked > 20 years, working life > 20 years, the hearing loss of workers 5.6%, workers aged > 40 years 40 is 5%. 42.9% of workers have a smoking habit, not found a relationship between smoking behavior with hearing loss. HPD consumption levels in workers earned as much as 90.5% of the workers who always wear APT, there is no relationship between the use of HPD with hearing loss. There were no relationship between hobby with hearing loss. As well as no relationship found between workers health status such as lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides), worker glucose blood levels and blood pressure with hearing loss.
Keywords: hearing loss, noise exposure, age, years of service, industry workers
ABSTRAK Kecelakaan penggunaan alat transportasi laut yang bervariasi, serta penggunaan boat pancung sebagai satu-satunya alat transportasi Belakang Padang-Batam menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini, tujuannya ingin melihat bagaimana persepsi penumpang boat pancung terhadap penggunaan Life Jacket, meliputi persepsi penumpang terhadap kemungkinan mengalami tenggelam, dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh tenggelam serta manfaat penggunaan life jacket. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada penumpang boat pancung yang terpilih menjadi sampel. Dari 67 responden sebanyak 53 responden (79,1%) memiliki persepsi negatif terhadap kemungkinan mengalami tenggelam, 52 responden (77,6%) memiliki persepsi negatif terhadap dampak fatal akibat tenggelam,sementara sebanyak 41 responden (61,2%) memiliki persepsi negatif terhadap manfaat life jacket, kesadaran responden terhadap pentingnya life jacket kurang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya anggapan jarak tempuh yang dekat, responden memiliki kemampuan berenang, responden belum benar-benar merasakan manfaat life jacket, life jacket tidak tersedia, kalaupun ada tidak mencukupi jumlah semua penumpang, design life jacket yang berat dan membuat tidak nyaman saat mengenakannya, serta life jacket yang tidak terawat. Promosi, sosialisasi serta advokasi manfaat penggunaan life jacket dapat dilakukan oleh semua orang, contohnya pemegang program UKK (Unit Kesehatan Kerja) PUSKESMAS, PPMS, Organisasi Masyarakat, pihak Kecamatan dan Dinas Perhubungan.
ABSTRACT Accidents use varied marine transportation, and use of boat strike as the only means of transportation from Batam to Belakang Padang its background of the study, the objective would like to see how the passenger boat perception against the usage of the Life Jacket, including passenger perception of the possibility of having drowned, the impact caused by drowning and benefits of the use of life jackets. This research is a descriptive analytic, data collection is done by distributing questionnaires for passenger boat was elected to the sample. Of the 67 respondents, 53 respondents (79.1%) had a negative perception of the possibility of having drowned, 52 respondents (77.6%) had negative perceptions of the impact caused fatal sinking, while as many as 41 respondents (61.2%) had a negative perception the benefits of life jackets, less respondent awareness of the importance of life jackets. caused by the belief that short travel distance, the respondent has ability to swim, respondent not considering the benefits of life jackets, less availability of the life jackets for all passengers, the life jackets design are heavy and uncomfortable for the passengers , as well as life jackets are not fully maintained. Promotion, dissemination and advocacy of the benefits of the use of life jackets can be done by everyone, for example holder UKK program (Health Unit) Public Health, PPMS, Civil Society Organizations, the District and the Department of Transportation.
