Abstrak: Bencana industri merenggut ribuan nyawa setiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besar disebabkan oleh konstruksi atau desain fasilitas yang buruk atau kebakaran besar atau ledakan yang menghanguskan bangunan. Selain desain fasilitas yang buruk, keadaan darurat dapat terjadi diakibatkan oleh adanya Process safety event (PSE) yang melibatkan pelepasan/kehilangan penahanan bahan berbahaya yang dapat mengakibatkan konsekuensi kesehatan dan lingkungan dalam skala besar. Pada saat ini PT. J berada pada tahap desain industri petrokimia. Perusahaan akan memproses bahan kima dengan jumlah besar sehingga perusahaan memiliki bahaya yang tinggi dan berisiko menimbulkan bencana, oleh karena itu PT. J memerlukan suatu sistem manajemen kedaruratan yang dapat menanggulangi setiap potensi bencana yang muncul dan berdampak bagi perusahaan pada tahap operasional. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perencanaan manajemen keadaan darurat pada tahap desain industri petrokimia di PT. J, yang terdiri dari perencanaan sebelum terjadi keadaan darurat, saat terjadi keadaan darurat dan setelah terjadi keadaan darurat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik, dengan menggunakan desain studi kualitatif. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui survey lapangan dan Focus Gruop Discussion (FGD) menggunakan Emergency Management Assessment Checklist for Design Stage, yang telah dimodifikasi dari NFPA 1600 edisi 2019. Data Sekunder dikumpulkan melalui telaah dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT. J belum menerapkan siklus hidup manajemen keadaan darurat secara komprehensif. Pada tahap sebelum terjadi keadaan darurat, perusahaan belum memiliki perencanaan edukasi dan pelatihan, latihan dan uji coba. Pada tahap saat terjadi keadaan darurat diketahui bahwa perusahaan belum memiliki prosedur jadwal pengujian protokol peringatan, pemberitahuan, dan komunikasi saat terjadi keadaan darurat. Selain itu, pada tahap setelah terjadi keadaan darurat perusahaan belum memiliki perencanaan kontinuitas dan pemulihan yang meliputi rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi. Perusahaan telah melakukan dan memiliki beberapa perencanaan untuk mitigasi, kesiapsiagaan dan tanggap darurat. Perusahaan disarankan untuk mengembangkan rencana yang ada dan membuat rencana baru untuk memaksimalkan perencanaan manajemen keadaan darurat pada tahap desain untuk menghadapi peristiwa keadaan darurat di industri petrokimia pada tahap operasional PT. J.

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Industrial disasters claim thousands of lives every year around the world. Most are caused by poor construction or design of facilities or large fires or explosions that engulf buildings. In addition to poor design facility, emergencies can occur as a result of a Process safety event (PSE) which involves the release/loss of containment of hazardous materials which can result in large-scale health and environmental consequences. At this time PT. J is at the design stage of the petrochemical industry. The company will process chemicals in large quantities so that the company has a high hazard and the risk of causing an emergency event, therefore PT. J requires an emergency management system that can handle any potential emergency events that might arise and impact the company at the operational stage. The purpose of this study was to analyze emergency management planning at the design stage of the petrochemical industry at PT. J, which consists of planning before an emergency occurs, when an emergency occurs and after an emergency occurs. This research is an analytic descriptive research, using a qualitative study design. Primary data collection was carried out through field survey and conduct Focus Group Discussion (FGD) using the Emergency Management Assessment Checklist for Design Stage, which has been modified from the NFPA 1600 edition 2019. Secondary data was collected through document review. Based on the research results shows that PT. J has not implemented a comprehensive emergency management life cycle. At the stage before an emergency occurred, the company did not yet have planning for competency and training, drills and trials. At the stage when an emergency occurs, it is known that the company doesn’t have procedures for testing protocols for warning, notification, and communication during an emergency. In addition, at the stage after an emergency occurs, the company does not yet have a continuity and recovery plan that includes rehabilitation and reconstruction. The company has carried out and has several plans for mitigation, preparedness and emergency response. Companies are advised to develop existing plans and create new plans to maximize emergency management planning at the design stage to deal with emergency events in the petrochemical industry at the operational stage of PT. J.

Abstrak: Pembangunan smelter aluminium merupakan proyek industri berisiko tinggi yang melibatkan interaksi kompleks antara manusia, organisasi, teknologi, lingkungan kerja, serta bahaya keselamatan proses. Pada tahap awal proyek, dokumen feasibility study berperan penting sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan investasi dan perencanaan implementasi. Namun, substansi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dalam feasibility study sering kali masih bersifat umum dan belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan aspek sistem kerja secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi aspek makroergonomi dalam dokumen feasibility study proyek pembangunan smelter aluminium PT XYZ. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif evaluatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui telaah dokumen feasibility study, dokumen acuan terkait studi kelayakan, K3, process safety, makroergonomi, dan industri non-ferrous, serta wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan informan ahli. Analisis dilakukan melalui coding deduktif-induktif, analisis tematik, dan sintesis gap berdasarkan empat aspek makroergonomi, yaitu organisasi dan manajemen kerja, sumber daya manusia dan kompetensi, sistem kerja dan teknologi, serta lingkungan kerja, K3, dan risiko smelter. Keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber, triangulasi metode, serta prinsip trustworthiness yang mencakup credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, dan reflexivity. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dokumen feasibility study telah memuat beberapa aspek teknis, organisasi, sumber daya manusia, dan K3, tetapi integrasinya belum sepenuhnya sistemik. Beberapa aspek masih cenderung dibahas secara parsial, terutama terkait kesiapan kompetensi operasi, integrasi human-machine interface, manajemen kelelahan, kesiapan organisasi operasi, contractor management, process safety management, serta pengendalian risiko khas smelter aluminium. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar dokumen feasibility study proyek smelter aluminium memperkuat integrasi aspek makroergonomi sejak tahap perencanaan melalui penguatan indikator SDM, organisasi kerja, teknologi, lingkungan kerja, K3, dan process safety. Dengan demikian, feasibility study tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai dokumen kelayakan teknis-ekonomi, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen awal untuk membangun sistem kerja yang aman, sehat, andal, dan berkelanjutan.

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The development of an aluminium smelter is a high-risk industrial project involving complex interactions among humans, organization, technology, work environment, and process safety hazards. At the early stage of a project, the feasibility study document plays a crucial role as the basis for investment decision-making and implementation planning. However, occupational safety and health aspects in feasibility studies are often presented in a general manner and are not fully integrated into the overall work system design. This study aims to analyze the integration of macroergonomic aspects in the feasibility study document of the aluminium smelter construction project at PT XYZ. This research employed an evaluative qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through document review of the feasibility study, relevant references on feasibility studies, occupational safety and health, process safety, macroergonomics, and the non-ferrous metal industry, as well as semi-structured interviews with expert informants. The data were analyzed using deductive-inductive coding, thematic analysis, and gap synthesis based on four macroergonomic aspects: organization and work management, human resources and competence, work systems and technology, and work environment, occupational safety and health, and smelter-related risks. Data trustworthiness was maintained through source triangulation, method triangulation, and the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and reflexivity. The findings indicate that the feasibility study document has addressed several technical, organizational, human resource, and occupational safety and health aspects; however, their integration remains insufficiently systemic. Several aspects are still discussed partially, particularly operational competence readiness, human-machine interface integration, fatigue management, operational organization readiness, contractor management, process safety management, and the control of specific risks associated with aluminium smelters. This study recommends strengthening the integration of macroergonomic aspects in aluminium smelter feasibility studies from the planning stage by incorporating human resource, work organization, technology, work environment, occupational safety and health, and process safety indicators. Therefore, the feasibility study should not only function as a technical-economic feasibility document, but also as an initial instrument for developing a safe, healthy, reliable, and sustainable work system.