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Pencemaran udara merupakan masalah yang terjadi di area industri seperti salah satunya di pabrik semen, di mana hal ini dapat menyebabkan timbulnya gangguan kesehatan pada karyawan. Gangguan kesehatan berupa penyakit saluran pernafasan yang dapat terpicu oleh pencemaran udara salah satu di antaranya adalah Asma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kecenderungan prevalensi Asma serta untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada karyawan di sebuah pabrik semen di Jawa Barat. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi potong lintang (Cross Sectional) dilakukan selama 3 bulan Mei-Juli dilakukan wawancara terhadap 142 orang karyawan. Prevalensi asma di sebuah pabrik semen di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2008 adalah sebesar 9,2%. Asma pada karyawan tidak terkait langsung dengan faktor-faktor demografi, perilaku dan lingkungan kerja tetapi lebih pada faktor keturunan yang dibawa sejak sebelum bekerja di pabrik semen tersebut. Penanggulangan dapat dilakukan dengan penerimaan dan penempatan karyawan sesuai dengan syarat kesehatan yang telah ditetapkan.
Air pollution is a problem commonly in any industry area such as cement factory, and cause various respiratory problem like Asma. This study aims to description prevalence of asthma occurence, as well as to determine the correlation between any factor influencing of employees of a cement factory in West Java during 2008. This study is descriptive in nature and is a cross sectional study in design among three months during May-July to 142 respondents by interview. Asthma prevalence of employees of a cement factory in West Java during 2008 is 9.2%. Asthma of the employees is not be direct related with demography factors, behavioral and the environment work but mostly caused degraded by their parents or genetic factor since before working in this factory. Means to minimize the number of cases can be done with employees location and acceptance as according to health condition which have been specified.
Kusta merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting karena Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki posisi ketiga sebagai negara terbanyak pengidap kusta. Di Propinsi Jawa Timur penyakit kusta tersebar di 14 Kabupaten/Kota , diantaranya Kabupaten Gresik. Jumlah kasus kusta di Kabupaten Gresik terdiri dad 174 kasus tahun 2004 menjadi 166 kasus tahun 2005. Dilihat dari tipe kusta yang ada di Kabupaten Gresik lebih dominan tipe kusta multibasiler (MB) yang merupakan tipe menular yaitu 84,7% pada tahun 2004 dan 81 % pada tahun 2005, selain itu penderita baru yang ditemukan 12,3% pada tahun 2004 dan 14% pada tahun 2005 sudah mengalami kecacatan tingkat dua. Pendekatan spasial di sektor kesehatan merupakan pendekatan baru yang berarti pembangunan kesehatan berorientasi problem dan prioritas masalah kesehatan (lingkungan) secara spasial. Mengacu pada terminology spasial bahwa penyakit tidak mengenal batas administrasi namon lebih mengenal ekosistem maka dilakukan penelitian spasial kejadian kusta di Kabupaten Gresik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyebaran penyakit kusta di wilayah Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2004-2005 dan mengetahui bagaimana hubungan faktor risiko dengan penyebaran penyakit kusta di wilayah Kabupaten Gresik. Desain penelitian ini merupakan studi korelasi ekologi dengan pendekatan spasial dengan variabeI penelitian berdasarkan kondisi demografi (kepadatan penduduk), kondisi sosial ekonomi (keluarga miskin), kondisi hunian (lantai tanah), kasus kontak intensif, dan kerapatan jaringan jalan di Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2004-2005. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh kecamatan di wilayah Kabupaten Gresik kecuali dua kecamatan di kepulauan terpencil, sehingga tidak dilakukan pemilihan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tahun 2004-2005 semua wilayah endemis penyakit kusta. Iklim di Kabupaten Gresik merupakan iklim tropis basah dengan suhu rata -rata 28,51 °C ( 2004) dan 28,63 °C ( 2005) dengan kelembaban 74,17% ( 2004) dan 74,8 % (2005). Pola spasial demografi, penyebaran penyakit kusta banyak terdapat di daerah dengan kepadatan penduduk > 3000 jiwalkm2. Pola spasial kondisi rumah human, kusta banyak terdapat di rumah yang berlantai tanah > 2000 rumah di daerah utara dan selatan Gresik. Pola spasial sosial ekonomi, penyebaran kusta banyak terdapat di kecamatan yang memiliki banyak keluarga miskin > 3000 KK yaitu di utara, tengah dan selatan Gresik. Pola spasial kusta kontak intensif dengan penyebaran kusta banyak terdapat di Kecamatan Panceng, Cerme (2004) dan Kecamatan Panceng dan Wringin Anom (2005). Pola spasial kerapatan jaringan jalan, kasus kusta banyak terdapat di kerapataiA jaringan jalan sedang. Pola spasial potensi penyebaran kusta, seluruh wilayah berpotensi sedang kecuali Kecamatan Menganti, Gresik dan Kebomas berpotensi tinggi.
Leprosy is the important public health problem because Indonesia is a country which has the third position of the most country that has many lepers. Leprosy disease is spread over at 14 sub-provinces in province of East Java, one of them is sub-province of Gresik. Leprosy cases number in sub-province of Gresik are 174 cases in 2004 and became 166 cases in 2005. Seen from leprosy type that exists in sub-province of Gresik, multibasiler (MB) is more dominant. It is an infectious disease that is 84,7 % in 2004 and 81 % in 2005, besides found a new patient as the second handicap that is 2,3 % in 2004 and 14 % in 2005. Spatial method in health sector is a new method which means a health development is a problem oriented and a problem priority of health (environment) spatially. According to terminology spatial that disease does not recognize an administration limit but it is more recognize an ecosystem, therefore it is conducted a spatial research of leprosy occurrence in sub-province of Gresik. This research purposes to find a spreading of leprosy disease in sub-province of Gresik, 2004-2005 and a relationship between risk factor and spreading of leprosy disease in sub-province of Gresik. This research used an ecology correlation study design by a spatial method with research variable based on condition of demography (massive population), economic social (poor family), dwelling (ground floor), intensive contact case, and closeness of road network in sub-province of Gresik, 2004-2005. Research population is all of districts in sub-province of Gresik except two districts in outlying archipelago, so it is not conducted a sample election. Research result indicated that all of endemic areas were leprosy diseases in 2004-2005. Sub-province of Gresik is a wet tropical climate with mean temperature is 28,51 °C (2004) and 28,63°C (2005), damp is 74,17 % (2004) and 74,8 % (2005). Spatial design of demography, spreading of leprosy disease found at area with a massive population are more than 3000 peoplelkm2. Spatial design of dwelling house condition, leprosy found at house with ground floor are more than 2000 houses in the north and south of Gresik. Spatial design of economic social, spreading of leprosy found at district owning many poor families are more than 3000 KK that is in the north, and south of Gresik. Spatial design of intensive contact leprosy, spreading of leprosy found at district of Panceng, Cerme (2004) and district of Panceng and Wringin Anom (2005). Spatial design of closeness of road network, leprosy cases found at closeness of road network of Spatial potency spreading of leprosy, all regions have potency except district of Menganti, Gresik and Kebornas have high potency.
Implementation of environmental health inspection of drinking water is a surveillance activity conducted to obtain data and information. Lack of data and information obtained, affecting the unprecedented coverage of drinking water access. The evaluation is related to the implementation of environmental health inspection of drinking water aims to know the description of the implementation of primary healthcare in Seluma and Bengkulu. This type of research is descriptive research using the Cross Sectional design. The population in this study is the entire primary healthcare in Seluma and Bengkulu in the city of 42 primary healthcare. The samples in this study were 30 primary healthcare (minimal sample) which were chosen at random simple or simple random sampling (SRS) in Seluma District and Bengkulu City. Analyze data using statistical analysis and ROC curve testing. Components that are carefully obtained the results that the management structure of the implementation of environmental health inspection is legal aspects and implementation of surveillance is still lacking good. The basic function of environmental health inspection is that confirmation and inner achievement is still less good. Besides, the function of supporting the implementation of environmental health inspection includes guidelines, training, communication systems, facilities, and infrastructure is not good. While in the quality surveillance of the implementation of Environmental health inspection consisting of data quality, simplicity is also still less good. Based on the sensitivity – specificity test among the risk level of environmental health inspection in drinking water to the incidence of diarrhea does not show significant results. results of the evaluation of the implementation of environmental health inspection of drinking water facilities there are 12 variables that are not good Therefore, the support and cooperation of all stakeholders, both central and local governments, public health agencies, and primary healthcare to achieve the objectives of environmental health inspection activities in the field of environmental health is better.
Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) (2007) perilaku buang air besar di jamban merupakan salah satu perilaku higienis. prevalensi nasional berperilaku benar dalam buang air hesar (BAB) adalah 71,1%. Sementara persenlase rumah tangga yang menggunakan jamban Ieher angsa 68,9% dan hanya 46,3% tempat pembuangan akhir tinja menggunakun tangki/SPAL (saniter) (Susenas, 2007). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahul faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan jaminan oleh masyarakat di Kecamatan Banyuasin Ill Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2009. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Cross Sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2009 terhadap 192 keluarga yang luar rumah setelah dikontrol oleh variahel sikap, keterpaparan penyuluhan, pembinaan petugas dan dukungan tokoh masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disarankan agar Dinas Kesehatan melakukan advokasi kepada pihak aksekutif (Bupati) dan pihak legislatif (DPRD komisi D) untuk mendapatkan dukungan program dan penganggaran, meningkatkan kegiatan KIE (Komunikasi lnformasi Edakasi) mengenai penggunaan jamban saniter, bekerjasama dengan sektor terkait (Dinas PU Cipta Karya) dalam pemenuhan cakupan air hersih, menghimbau masyarakat khususnya yang helwn punya jamhan untuk membangun jaroban di dalam rumah, mengembangkan media komunikasi massa baik cetak maupun elektronik, pelatihan penyegaran petugas, pemhentukan dan pelatihan kader dan hennitra dengan tokoh masyarakat. Bagi peneliti lain agar mengemhangkan instrumen penelitian dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar den deasin yang berheda serta telaah secara mendalam mengenai pcnggunaan jamban saniter.
According to ruskesdas (Basic Health Research) (2007), defecating behavior in the privy is one of hygienic behavior. National prevalence of the right defecating behavior (BAB) is 7!.1%. And percentage of households who use special privy (leher angsa) is 68.9% and only 46.3% of privies use tanks/SPAL (sanitary) (Susenas, 2007). 3.72 times to use sanitary privy compared wjth privy outside home and attitude, information coverage, officers guidance and social figures support as control variables and social figures' support variables have a significant relation with privy use. Based on this research results, it is recommended to Health Service Department to propose suggestion to executive {regent) and legislative (regional representatives, Commission D) in order to support Health Promotion Programs and Environment Sanitation and to allocate fund for both programs, not only to stress behavioral change of defecating but also how to use the privies sanitary, cooperate with the concerned parties (Regional Public Work Department, Cipta Karya) to make freshwater availability, building a water - closet in their homes if they don't have it yet, to develop public media whether its printed or electronic, retrain the officers, formatting, and training cadre, and work together with the well - known people in the society. For other researcher to develop the instrument used in the research with more samples and a different design. Also a deeper understanding in the use of sanitized privy.
