Abstrak: Bahaya psikososial merupakan stresor di tempat kerja yang dilihat dari aspek context of work dan content of work dan berpotensi untuk menimbulkan stres kerja. Aspek dari context of work yang dianggap sebagai suatu bahaya yang dapat menyebabkan stres kerja mencakup budaya dan fungsi oganisasi, peran dalam organisasi, pengembangan karir, kontrol/pengambilan keputusan, hubungan interpersonal serta hubungan rumah-pekerjaan. Sedangkan, aspek content of work mencakup lingkungan dan peralatan kerja, desain tugas, beban kerja serta jadwal kerja. Dalam skripsi ini, penulis membahas persepsi bahaya psikososial pada karyawan Departemen Assembling Line PT NGK Busi Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penelitian survei yang bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan semi kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi terhadap bahaya psikososial lebih dominan ke arah persepsi karyawan yang melihat pekerjaannya sehari-hari tidak membuatnya merasa terbebani, baik itu dari aspek context of work maupun content of work. Walaupun demikian, karyawan menganggap aspek content of work lebih membebani daripada context of work. Salah satu content of work yang menjadi stresor bagi karyawan, yaitu lingkungan dan peralatan kerja di mana karyawan merasa perlu diperbaikinya lingkungan kerja terutama suhu panas di pabrik. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya perbaikan lingkungan kerja dan meningkatkan training terutama yang berkaitan dengan heat stress maupun tentang manajemen stres dan waktu untuk meningkatkan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja karyawan.

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Psychosocial hazard is stressor in the workplace that viewed from work context and work content aspect and potentially stressfull work. The aspect from context of work that is considered to be a hazard that can lead to stress work includes cultural and organizational function, the role of organization, career development, control/decision making, interpersonal relationships and the relationship of home-work. Whereas, the aspect from content of work includes environment and work equipment, task design, work load and work schedule. In this thesis, the author discusses the perceptions of psychosocial hazards on employees Department of Assembly Line PT NGK Busi Indonesia. Research methods used in this research, namely the descriptive survey research that used quantitative approach. The results showed perceptions of psychosocial hazards are more dominant over the perception of employees who see their work in everyday doesn't make it feel burdened, be it from the aspect of the context of work and the content of work. However, the employee considers aspects of the content of work is more burdensome than the context of work. One of the content of work that become stressors for employees, the environment and equipment in the workplace where employees feel need to be repaired, especially the working environment in the factory hot temperatures. Therefore, the need for improvement of the working environment and improve training, especially with regard to heat stress and on stress management and time to improve the safety and health of employees.

Abstrak:

Industri farmasi merupakan industri yang memiliki risko kebakaran dan ledakan yang sangat besar karena penanganan beragam bahan kimia cair, padatan, dan gas yang mudah terbakar serta bahan kimia berbahaya lainnya. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan area berbahaya berdasarkan standar IEC 60079-10-2 serta menganalisis tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu dalam proses granulasi pada fasilitas Non Betalactam (Multi Product Facility). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif semi kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan area berbahaya pada proses granulasi berdasarkan standar IEC 60079-10-2 dan menentukan tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu dalam tahapan pencampuran (mixing) dengan menggunakan metode Dow’s Fire Explosion Index. Populasi ini melibatkan semua bahan kimia berbahaya dan peralatan yang digunakan pada proses pembuatan obat di PT. X. Combustible dust yang digunakan dalam proses granulasi pada fasilitas Non Betalactam Facility (Multi Product Facility) berupa bahan aktif farmasi dan eksipien, seperti methyldopa hydrate, paracetamol, loperamide hydrochloride, diazepam, domperidone, prednisolone micronised, magnesium stearate. polyvidone 30, sodium starch glycolate, dan amylum maydis. Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) yang dimiliki oleh semua bahan aktif berbeda-beda nilainya sesuai hasil uji laboratorium eksternal dengan nilai yang paling sensitif terhadap penyalaan, yaitu diazepam, methyldopa hydrate, loperamide hydrochloride, domperidone dan prednisolone micronised yang mempunyai nilai MIE 1-3 mj yang dapat menyebabkan ledakan kuat hingga sangat kuat jika memenuhi konsentrasi Minimum Explosive Concentration (MEC). Sehubungan dengan hal itu, sebelum menentukan klasifikasi area berbahaya, sangat penting untuk mengidentifikasi sumber penyalaan di area proses tersebut. Adapun sumber penyalaan tersebut bersumber dari peralatan listrik, listrik statis, dan friction/mechanical spark. Klasifikasi area berbahaya dengan kategori zona dalam proses granulasi pada fasilitas Non Betalactam (Multi Product Facility) terdiri dari zona 20 di setiap dalam chamber/container peralatan, zona 21 di setiap bukaan hopper/charging unit, tempat perilisan debu dengan radius satu meter dan zona 22 di luar zona 21 di dalam ruangan proses granulasi. Tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu pada proses granulasi (mixing) dengan menggunakan metode granulasi basah (hybrid mixture) berdasarkan metode Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index adalah risiko sedang (moderate) dengan total skor 95,1762 dengan radius paparannya sebesar 29,010 meter dan estimasi kerugiannya mencapai Rp 1.467.276.735.672. Oleh karenanya, sangat penting untuk melakukan mitigasi risiko sehingga risiko kebakaran dan ledakan debu di area proses ini berada pada risiko yang rendah.

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The pharmaceutical industry is an industry that has a very large risk of fire and explosion due to the handling of a variety of flammable liquid, solid and gaseous chemicals as well as other hazardous chemicals. The general objective of this study is to classify hazardous areas based on IEC 60079-10-2 standards and to analyze the risk level of fire and dust explosion in the granulation process at the Non Betalactam facility (Multi Product Facility). This research is a semi-quantitative descriptive study that aims to classify hazardous areas in the granulation process based on IEC 60079-10-2 standards and determine the risk level of fire and dust explosion in the mixing stage using the Dow's Fire Explosion Index method. This population includes all hazardous chemicals and equipment used in the drug manufacturing process at PT. X. Combustible dust used in the granulation process at the Non Betalactam Facility (Multi Product Facility) is in the form of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, such as methyldopa hydrate, paracetamol, loperamide hydrochloride, diazepam, domperidone, micronised prednisolone, magnesium stearate. polyvidone 30, sodium starch glycolate, and amylum maydis. The Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) that all active ingredients have a different value according to the results of external laboratory tests with values that are most sensitive to ignition, namely diazepam, methyldopa hydrate, loperamide hydrochloride, domperidone and micronised prednisolone which have an MIE value of 1-3 mj which can cause a strong to very strong explosion if it meets the Minimum Explosive Concentration (MEC) concentration. In this regard, before determining the classification of a hazardous area, it is very important to identify the source of ignition in the process area. The ignition sources come from electrical equipment, static electricity, and friction/mechanical spark. Classification of hazardous areas with the category of zones in the granulation process at Non Betalactam facilities (Multi Product Facility) consists of zone 20 in each equipment chamber/container, zone 21 in each opening of the hopper/charging unit, a dust release area with a radius of one meter and zone 22 outside zone 21 in the granulation process room. The risk level of fire and dust explosion in the granulation process (mixing) using the wet granulation method (hybrid mixture) based on the Dow's Fire and Explosion Index method is moderate risk with a total score of 95.1762 with an exposure radius of 29.010 meters and an estimated loss of IDR 1,467. 276,735,672. Therefore, it is very important to carry out risk mitigation so that the risk of fire and dust explosion in this process area is at a low risk.