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The use of biogas in supporting development activities has the risk of fire and explosion due to the structure of its constituent composition. The accident rate due to biogas in Europe was recorded quite significantly in the period 2007 2014, there are 144 cases of which 17 fatalities. This study aims to analyze the risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X with a quantitative approach through analysis of the likelihood, consequence, and estimating the level of risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X. Analysis of the possibility of fire and explosion risk using the Event Tree Analysis method (ETA) and for the analysis of consequences using the software Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) v.5.4.7. The result of this research is that there is a scenario of gas leakage from the pipeline during biogas operation which has an impact on jet fire, flash fire and explosion with a probability of 1.08, E-06 for jet fire, 1.30, E-05 for flash fire, and 8, 64,E-06 for explosion. The impact of the jet fire was 20 meters, the vapor cloud reached 63 meters, the explosion was 26 meters, and the toxic threat zone was less than 10 meters. The individual risk for a job with a working time of 10 hours such as a biogas operational assistant is 6.935 x 10-9 and for a job with a working time of 12 hours such as a biodigester, gas engine and security operator is 8.322 x 10-9. Total Potential Loss of Life (PLL) is 1,304 x 10-7. Thus, individual and social risks are still at an acceptable level. Recommendations that can be given are implementing risk-based preventive controls, evaluating fire protection systems, developing crisis management and emergency response programs both in terms of human resources and facilities
Background: Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Hospital (RSI NU) Demak is a private and nonprofit Islamic hospital, which is not only looking for profit (profitability) but also carrying out social values in its management. In order to balance the economic and social functions amid increasingly fierce competition between hospitals and the industrial revolution 4.0 era, a hospital performance measurement tool is needed. One of the evaluation approaches used to assess hospital performance is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) method. Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to measure the performance of the RSI NU Demak and the implementation of NU values in hospital management as well as policy recommendations and programs for the RSI NU Demak in the period 2017-2020. Results and Discussion: The eight variables from a financial perspective showed a positive value of +1 only on the variable of increasing efficiency and variable Hospital Social Responsibility (HSR). Then, other variables such as income growth, the effectiveness of ROA, ROI, ROE decreased because the number of patient visits also decreased thus affecting hospital income. The total score for the financial perspective is -6. The customer perspective of RSI NU Demak is generally good enough with a total score of 5 out of 8 variables. The aspects that should be improved are the customer retention rate, improvements in the tangible aspects or physical evidence, the timeliness of specialist doctor services and the speed of handling patient complaints. The internal business process perspective of RSI NU Demak is good with a score of 15 out of 19 variables. The aspects that should be improved are the low BOR, BTO and AvLOS, and the absence of Standard Operating Procedures (SPO) related to Aswaja NU values. The learning and growth perspective of the RSI NU Demak is quite good with a score of 8 out of 12 variables. The common concerned problems include employee satisfaction variables such as the adequacy of allowances and support among employees in one team, employee turnover, the evaluation needs of the Hospital Information System Management at RSI NU Demak (Hos MIS) and the productivity level of the RSI NU Demak. Conclusion: The final score from the four perspectives is 0.34. It means that the performance of RSI NU Demak is said to be quite following the standard, but continuous improvement must be implemented as well
Kata kunci: Karakteristik individu, lingkungan kerja, komputer, computer vision syndrome (CVS), mahasiswa.
Kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja, bahkan di gedung sekolah yang memiliki tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran yang ringan. Oleh karenanya, perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian terhadap tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran pada setiap ruangannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi fungsi dan karakteristik ruangan, mengetahui tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran, kebutuhan fasilitas pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran serta evakuasi di sekolah PRIBADI. Analisis tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran ini ditinjau dari fungsi dan karakteristik setiap ruangannya. Fungsi dari ruangan yang terdapat di sekolah PRIBADI dapat dibedakan menjadi 4, yaitu: ruangan kelas umum dan laboratorium, ruangan bukan kelas untuk administrasi dan bukan. Adapun, karakteristik ruangannya ditinjau dari aktivitas ruangan, fasilitas pendukung dan bahan dasarnya, pembatas ruangan dan bahan dasarnya, kapasitas ruangan, prakiraan kerugian material, dan jenis dokumen yang disimpan. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif yang membandingkan kondisi di lapangan berdasarkan abservasi dengan peraturan, standar yang berlaku, seperti lampiran no. 31 dan 32 dari keputusan menteri pekerjaan umum no.378/KPTS/1987. Analisis terhadap tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran dari setiap ruangan di sekolah PRIBADI adalah 33 ruangan kategori ringan, 13 ruangan kategori sedang dan 9 ruangan kategori berat. Berdasarkan tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran tersebut, maka fasilitas pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran yang dibutuhkan adalah detektor kebakaran dan alat pemadam api ringan. Detektor rate of rise temperature dengan jenis pneumatic dapat dipasang pada lantai 1, 2, 3, 4 gedung A, dan lantai 3 gedung B yang befungsi mendeteksi kenaikkan temperature. Sedangkan, detektor nyala api jenis ultraungu dapat dipasang pada lantai 1, 2 gedung A dan lantai 1, 3 gedung B yang berfungsi mendeteksi nyala api. Alat pemadam api ringan yang dibutuhkan adalah jenis CO2 dengan volume maksimal 5 kg yang terdapat pada setiap lantai gedung A dan B. Gedung sekolah PRIBADI membutuhkan prosedur dan fasilitas evakuasi untuk dapat menyelamatkan penghuni gedung. Prosedur evakuasi yang dibutuhkan adalah prosedur umum dan jalur evakuasi. Sedangkan, fasilitas minimum evakuasi yang dibutuhkan adalah sumber daya listrik darurat, lampu darurat, bukaan penyelamatan dan penunjuk jalan keluar.
Fire can be happen anywhere, even at school which have a low risk } of fire risk rating. Therefore, a fire risk analysis is important to determine fire risk rate at school. Analysis about fire risk rating will be observed based on room characteristic and utilities. The objective of this research are to identify room characteristic and utilities, to determine based on room utility, risk fire rank every rooms, need analysis requirement of fire protection and prevention facility, also evacuation procedure for PRIBADI boarding school. PRIBADI boarding school has four different type room functions, there are: general class, laboratory class, administration and addition room. The room characteristic was observed based on room activity, equipments and base material, divider and base material, room capacity, loss property calculation and type of document at room. This research is qualitative study, based on comparative analysis between the existing conditions with a current Indonesia regulation. The Indonesia regulation was based on appendices number 31St and 32nd attached to Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum no.378/KPTS/1987. Results from fire risk analysis suggested that every room at PRIBADI boarding school are 33 room have high risk, 13 room medium risk and 9 room low risk_ Based on this fire risk analysis, the fire protection and prevention required in this facility are fire detector and fire extinguisher. Fire detector rate of rise temperature type with pneumatic system can be use on 1st, 2"d, 3rd, and 4th floor in building A, also on 3rd floor in building B with the function to detect rise temperature. Flame detector of ultraviolet can be use on 1St, and 2"d floor in building A, also on 15t, and 3"d in building B with the function to detect ignition. Type of fire extinguisher that PRIBADI boarding school needed is carbon dioxide with 5 kg volume in every floor. Indeed, PRIBADI boarding school needs a procedure and facility of evacuation; this would include the evacuation procedure and evacuation route. Other requirements of minimum facility are emergency power, emergency lamp, emergency exits and exits sign.