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The application of mercury in ASGM is very problematic, because through the process, SSGM release mercury to the environment during waste disposal and enable environmental pollution. Mercury exposure to the body for a long time can cause health impact, one of them is the effect to kidney. It is the main excretory organs which are important to remove toxic substances that enter the body. Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) is one of the parameters to determine the level of kidney function and stage of kidney disease. This study aimed at determine the relationship between mercury levels in hair of the community against the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). This research used cross-sectional design with measurable variables are mercury levels in hair, respondent characteristics (age, occupation, body mass index, length of stay, smoking habit, physical activity, medicine consumption and drinking water consumption) and estimated GFR value. The sample in this study 58 people. Data obtained tested using chi-square, independent t-Test and logistic regression. The results showed that 51.7% respondents had exceeded the guideline of hair mercury levels (>2 μg/gr) and 43.1% of respondents experienced a decrease estimated GFR value (abnormal kidney function). Estimated GFR values decreased was influence by age and mercury levels in hair. Decreasing of estimated GFR values can be prevented by consume more drinking water, reduce medicine consume habits and it is necessary to give health education about the dangers and impacts of mercury on health to the community. Keywords: Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR), mercury level in hair, Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM).
Polutan udara dalam ruangan, khususnya PM2.5 memberikan dampak buruk bagi kesehatan penghuni ruangan. Salah satu pengendalian untuk menurunkan konsentrasi PM2.5 adalah dengan menggunakan filter HEPA. Filter HEPA memiliki desain bahan filter yang dilipat-lipat untuk memperbesar luas permukaan filter. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti pengaruh jumlah lipatan pada filter HEPA berbahan meltblown nonwoven polypropylene terhadap efektivitas filter dalam menurunkan konsentrasi PM2.5 di dalam ruangan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk eksperimen yang dilakukan di laboratorium Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia. Larutan KCl 5% disebarkan dalam bentuk partikulat ke dalam ruang uji dan digunakan berbagai variasi filter HEPA dengan jumlah lipatan berbeda untuk dilihat efektivitasnya menurunkan konsentrasi PM2.5. Variasi jumlah lipatan pada filter HEPA yang dilakukan pengujian adalah kepadatan lipatan 1 lipatan/cm, 2 lipatan/cm, dan 3 lipatan/cm. Data PM2.5 dikumpulkan secara langsung dengan CEM Air Particle Counter DT-9881. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara tiga kelompok pengujian, tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas filter HEPA jika dilakukan uji statistik terhadap rata-rata efektivitas filter. Sementara secara praktis, filter 2 lipatan/cm memiliki rata-rata efektivitas paling baik antara ketiga variasi jumlah lipatan, yaitu sebesar 95,28% dan memasuki kategori filter E11.
Indoor air pollution, especially PM2.5, adversely affects its occupants. One of the solutions to reduce PM2.5 concentration is using HEPA Filters. HEPA Filters are designed with pleats to broaden the filter’s surface area. This study aims to research the influence of different pleat count on melt-blown nonwoven polypropylene HEPA Filter on the effectiveness of reducing PM2.5. This research was an experimental study in the occupational and health laboratory, faculty of public health, Universitas Indonesia. A mixture of potassium chloride was dispersed in the form of particulate to the experimentation room and various HEPA filters with different pleat counts were used to see their effectivity in reducing PM2.5 concentration. Variations of pleat count that were used in these experiments were HEPA filters with pleat density of 1 pleat/cm, 2 pleats/cm, and 3 pleats/cm. Data of PM2.5 are directly read and stored with CEM Air Particle Counter DT-9881. Research finds between three variations of pleat count; there were no statistical significance between the average effectiveness percentage of each pleat count variants. Although not statistically significant, filter with pleat density of 2 pleats/cm has the highest effectiveness average between three variations, which is 95,28%, where it’s classified as E11 filter category.
