Ditemukan 13 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Zuniawan; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Zulkifli Djunaidi, Deni Andrias, Wayne Satria
Abstrak:
Kebakaran tangki pengumpul minyak merupakan sebuah kecelakaan yang berdampak besar dan menyebabkan kematian. Perusahaan Z mempunyai fasilitas tangki pengumpul minyak dengan karakteristik cairan hidrokarbon dan mudah terbakar dalam jumlah yang besar. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif risiko kebakaran pada tangki pengumpul minyak dimana risiko ditentukan dengan frekuensi dan konsekuensi. Frekuensi kejadian dihitung berdasarkan dari hasil event tree analysis dari kebakaran tangki. Kebakaran dan dampak kebakaran terhadap pekerja di ruang kontrol ditentukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak ALOHA. Minyak yang mudah terbakar disimpan dalam tangki berjenis fixed cone roof yang terletak 70 meter dari ruang kontrol. Kecelakaan besar yang mungkin terjadi di fasilitas antara lain pool fire dan vapor cloud explosion. Dari hasil pemodelan konsekuensi, kejadian kebakaran berupa pool fire di fasilitas memiliki potensi dampak yang signifikan terhadap pekerja di ruang kontrol. Kajian risiko yang dikaji adalah risiko individu dan risiko sosial untuk skenario kegagalan yang mungkin terjadi. Hasil analisis risiko individu dan risiko sosial atas dampak kebakaran terhadap personil di fasilitas memiliki risiko yang dapat ditoleransi. Penerapan program pengendalian risiko yang konsisten termasuk manajemen keselamatan proses tetap perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan risiko selalu berada dalam batas toleransi.
Fire accident of crude oil tank is one of major accident event resulting in fatality. A large scale of flammable crude oil tanks is operated by Company Z. This research is a quantitative risk assessment of fire accident on crude oil tank where the risk is defined by measurement of frequency and consequence. Event frequency is calculated based on event tree analysis result of fire accident on tank storage. The fire consequence and its impact to personnel working in control room is measured by using ALOHA software. A flammable crude oil is stored in a fixed cone roof tank located 70 meter from the control room. Major accident events which potentially occur in the facility are pool fire and vapor cloud explosion. Pool fire has significant impact to personnel working in control room based on consequence modelling. Both individual risk and societal risk are assessed based on possible failure scenarios. The risk assessment result of pool fire consequence to personnel within the facility is still within tolerable limit. A consistent implementation of risk control include process safety management should be maintained to ensure risk is always within tolerable risk
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Fire accident of crude oil tank is one of major accident event resulting in fatality. A large scale of flammable crude oil tanks is operated by Company Z. This research is a quantitative risk assessment of fire accident on crude oil tank where the risk is defined by measurement of frequency and consequence. Event frequency is calculated based on event tree analysis result of fire accident on tank storage. The fire consequence and its impact to personnel working in control room is measured by using ALOHA software. A flammable crude oil is stored in a fixed cone roof tank located 70 meter from the control room. Major accident events which potentially occur in the facility are pool fire and vapor cloud explosion. Pool fire has significant impact to personnel working in control room based on consequence modelling. Both individual risk and societal risk are assessed based on possible failure scenarios. The risk assessment result of pool fire consequence to personnel within the facility is still within tolerable limit. A consistent implementation of risk control include process safety management should be maintained to ensure risk is always within tolerable risk
T-5868
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Garna Abdima; Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Fatma Lestari, Alfajri Ismail
S-6593
Depok : FKM UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Dewi Mutia Rahayu; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Laksita Ri Hastiti, Nur Huda Salasa Majid
Abstrak:
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Pertalite merupakan produk minyak yang diidentifikasi sebagai cairan yang dapat menyala lalu memicu kilatan api (flash fire) atau ledakan. PT X, sebuah perusahaan distribusi, menggunakan jalur maritim dan kapal tanker untuk mendistribusikan produk minyak ini. Salah satu jenis kapal tanker yang digunakan adalah Self Propelled Oil Barge (SPOB). Risiko tinggi bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan pada kapal tanker berasal dari produk minyak yang tergolong extremely flammable liquid. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pemodelan kuantitatif yang menggunakan data sekunder perusahaan, studi literatur, serta wawancara pekerja. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Areal Locations Of Hazadous Atmosphere (ALOHA) berdasarkan skenario terburuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan dari kebocoran tangki berupa jangkauan radiasi termal dari skenario kebakaran pool fire dan overpressure threat zone atau blast area dari skenario ledakan vapor cloud explosion. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jangkauan konsekuensi kebakaran pool fire mencapai 95 meter, sementara ledakan vapor cloud explosion mencapai 558 meter. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi perusahaan untuk memperhitungkan konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan ini, mempertahankan sistem keselamatan kebakaran dan tanggap darurat yang sudah ada, serta melakukan sosialisasi mengenai konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan kepada pekerja, masyarakat, serta pihak dermaga.
Pertalite is an oil product identified as a flammable liquid that can ignite and cause flash fires or explosions. PT X, a company involved in oil distribution, employs maritime routes and tankers to transport this oil product. One of the tanker types used is the Self Propelled Oil Barge (SPOB). The high risk of fire and explosion hazards on tankers arises from the presence of extremely flammable liquids onboard. This research is a descriptive study that utilizes quantitative modeling, including company secondary data, literature reviews, and employee interviews. The data are then analyzed using the Areal Locations Of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) software based on worst-case scenarios. The aim of this study is to analyze the consequences of fire and explosion resulting from tank leaks, focusing on the thermal radiation coverage from pool fire scenarios and the overpressure threat zones or blast areas from vapor cloud explosion scenarios. The results of this study indicate that the range of consequences for pool fires reaches up to 95 meters, while vapor cloud explosions can extend up to 558 meters. Therefore, it is crucial for the company to consider the consequences of fire and explosion, maintain the existing fire safety and emergency response systems, and raise awareness among employees, the local community, and the dockyard about the potential risks of fire and explosion.
S-11286
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Puguh Mahendrodjati; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Mila Tejamaya, Hendra Jaya, Adrianus Pangaribuan
T-5006
Depok : FKM-UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Siti Widya Nazhrah; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Laksita Ri Hastiti, Hendra, Ismu Zulfikar, Romy Marliansyah
Abstrak:
Penggunaan biogas dalam mendukung aktivitas pembangunan memiliki risiko kebakaran dan ledakan karena struktur komposisi penyusunnya. Tingkat kecelakaan karena biogas di Eropa tercatat cukup signifikan dalam rentang waktu tahun 2007 2014, yaitu sebanyak 144 kasus dimana 17 kasus di dalamnya mengakibatkan kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis risiko kebakaran dan ledakan pada biogas plant di PT X dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui analisis tingkat kemungkinan, konsekuensi, serta mengestimasikan tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan pada instalasi biogas PT X. Analisis kemungkinan risiko kebakaran dan ledakan menggunakan metode Event Tree Analysis (ETA) dan untuk analisis konsekuensi menggunakan perangkat lunak Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) v.5.4.7. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya skenario kebocoran gas dari pipa pada saat operasional biogas yang berdampak jet fire, flash fire dan ledakan dengan kemungkinan 1,08,E-06 untuk jet fire, 1,30,E-05 untuk flash fire, dan 8,64,E-06 untuk ledakan. Dampak kebakaran jet fire mencapai 20 meter, vapor cloud mencapai 63 meter, ledakan 26 meter, dan toxic threat zone kurang dari 10 meter. Risiko individu untuk pekerjaan dengan waktu kerja 10 jam seperti asisten operasional biogas adalah sebesar 6,935 x 10-9 dan untuk pekerjaan dengan waktu kerja 12 jam seperti operator biodigester, gas engine dan security adalah 8,322 x 10-9. Total Potential Loss of Life (PLL) adalah 1,304 x 10-7. Dengan demikian risiko individu dan sosial masih dalam level dapat terima. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan adalah menerapkan pengendalian preventif berbasis risiko, evaluasi sistem proteksi kebakaran, mengembangkan program manajemen krisis dan tanggap darurat baik dari segi sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas
The use of biogas in supporting development activities has the risk of fire and explosion due to the structure of its constituent composition. The accident rate due to biogas in Europe was recorded quite significantly in the period 2007 2014, there are 144 cases of which 17 fatalities. This study aims to analyze the risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X with a quantitative approach through analysis of the likelihood, consequence, and estimating the level of risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X. Analysis of the possibility of fire and explosion risk using the Event Tree Analysis method (ETA) and for the analysis of consequences using the software Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) v.5.4.7. The result of this research is that there is a scenario of gas leakage from the pipeline during biogas operation which has an impact on jet fire, flash fire and explosion with a probability of 1.08, E-06 for jet fire, 1.30, E-05 for flash fire, and 8, 64,E-06 for explosion. The impact of the jet fire was 20 meters, the vapor cloud reached 63 meters, the explosion was 26 meters, and the toxic threat zone was less than 10 meters. The individual risk for a job with a working time of 10 hours such as a biogas operational assistant is 6.935 x 10-9 and for a job with a working time of 12 hours such as a biodigester, gas engine and security operator is 8.322 x 10-9. Total Potential Loss of Life (PLL) is 1,304 x 10-7. Thus, individual and social risks are still at an acceptable level. Recommendations that can be given are implementing risk-based preventive controls, evaluating fire protection systems, developing crisis management and emergency response programs both in terms of human resources and facilities
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The use of biogas in supporting development activities has the risk of fire and explosion due to the structure of its constituent composition. The accident rate due to biogas in Europe was recorded quite significantly in the period 2007 2014, there are 144 cases of which 17 fatalities. This study aims to analyze the risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X with a quantitative approach through analysis of the likelihood, consequence, and estimating the level of risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X. Analysis of the possibility of fire and explosion risk using the Event Tree Analysis method (ETA) and for the analysis of consequences using the software Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) v.5.4.7. The result of this research is that there is a scenario of gas leakage from the pipeline during biogas operation which has an impact on jet fire, flash fire and explosion with a probability of 1.08, E-06 for jet fire, 1.30, E-05 for flash fire, and 8, 64,E-06 for explosion. The impact of the jet fire was 20 meters, the vapor cloud reached 63 meters, the explosion was 26 meters, and the toxic threat zone was less than 10 meters. The individual risk for a job with a working time of 10 hours such as a biogas operational assistant is 6.935 x 10-9 and for a job with a working time of 12 hours such as a biodigester, gas engine and security operator is 8.322 x 10-9. Total Potential Loss of Life (PLL) is 1,304 x 10-7. Thus, individual and social risks are still at an acceptable level. Recommendations that can be given are implementing risk-based preventive controls, evaluating fire protection systems, developing crisis management and emergency response programs both in terms of human resources and facilities
T-6375
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Irhanah; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Devie Fitri Octaviani
Abstrak:
Perusahaan minyak dan gas adalah salah satu instansi yang berisiko tinggi terjadinya ledakan atau kebakaran (ILO, 1991). Ledakan dan kebakaran tersebut dapat digolongkan ke dalam kategori bahaya besar, karena dapat menimbulkan kerugian besar dalam waktu yang singkat. Penyebabnya dapat disebabkan oleh banyak variabel tergantung dari bentuk fisik suatu material (padat, cair atau gas), sifat fisik (kapasitas panas, tekanan uap, pembakaran panas, dll) serta kereaktifannya. Kondisi ini sebenarnya dapat diminimalkan dengan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian risiko, salah satunya dengan menganalisis konsekuensi dispersi gas, ledakan dan kebakaran yang diakibatkan oleh kebocoran tangki penyimpanan LPG bermuatan 30 ton tahun 2012 dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan 3 skenario terpisah antara propana dan butana yaitu vapor cloud, jet fire dan BLEVE, karena ketiga skenario ini memungkinkan untuk terjadinya kebocoran gas. Peneliti melihat kejadian mulai dari yang terkecil hingga terbesar agar efek / dampak yang ditimbulkan dapat diantisipasi. Analisis ini menggunakan piranti lunak ALOHA (Areal Locations Of Hazardous Atmospheres), dimana ALOHA dapat memprediksikan seberapa jauh penyebaran dari setiap skenario yang dibuat.
Oil and gas companies are among the high-risk establishments explosion or fire (ILO, 1991). Explosions and fires can be classified into the category of great danger, because it may cause a big loss in a short time. The cause can be caused by many variables depending on the physical form of a material (solid, liquid or gas), physical properties (heat capacity, vapor pressure, burning heat, etc.) as well as its reactivity. This condition can actually be minimized by preventing and controlling risk, example analyzing the consequences of gas dispersion, fire and explosion caused by leakage of LPG storage tanks loaded with 30 tons in 2012 by using the descriptive quantitative research methods. In this study the authors used three separate scenarios namely vapor cloud, jet fire and BLEVE for each propane and butane, because these are the three possible scenarios for gas release. The purpose is to analyse all these events ranging from smallest to largest damage order so that effect / impact can be anticipated. This analysis uses software ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres), where ALOHA can predict how far the spread and the impact of all the scenarios.
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Oil and gas companies are among the high-risk establishments explosion or fire (ILO, 1991). Explosions and fires can be classified into the category of great danger, because it may cause a big loss in a short time. The cause can be caused by many variables depending on the physical form of a material (solid, liquid or gas), physical properties (heat capacity, vapor pressure, burning heat, etc.) as well as its reactivity. This condition can actually be minimized by preventing and controlling risk, example analyzing the consequences of gas dispersion, fire and explosion caused by leakage of LPG storage tanks loaded with 30 tons in 2012 by using the descriptive quantitative research methods.
S-7587
Depok : FKM-UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Widya Inayah; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Tubagus Hedi Saepudin
Abstrak:
Tangki timbun WT16 pada PT. Bridgestone Tire Indonesia memiliki risiko kebakaran yang tinggi dikarenakan merupakan cairan mudah terbakar. Walaupun jumlah kejadian mengenai kebakaran pada tangki timbun WT16 ini tidak ditemukan di Indonesia,namun penilaian risiko kebakaran merupakan aktifitas mendasar yang harus dilakukan oleh industri kimia, petrokimia dan industri yang menggunakan hidrokarbon dalam proses produksinya. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa keadaan tangki timbun WT16. Penelitian ini menggunakan penilaian risiko secara kualitatif yang menghasilkan bahwa kebakaran pada tangki timbun WT16 ini termasuk kedalam high risk. Kemudian berdasarkan perhitungan dengan ALOHA software di dapatkan hasil radiasi panas pada jarak 71 meter dari tangki dengan intensitas radiasi 10 Kw/ m2, 97 meter dari tangki dengan intensitas radiasi panas 5 Kw/m2 dan 147 meter dari tangki dengan intensitas 2 Kw/m2 pada tangki nomor 3 dan 10 Kw/m2 pada jarak 68 meter, intensitas panas 5 Kw/m2 pada jarak 94 meter dan dengan intensitas panas 2 Kw/m2 pada jarak 142 meter pada tangki nomor 2. Serta jarak aman berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakan acceptable separation distance calculator didapatkan hasil jarak aman bagi manusia dari tangki nomor 3 dan bangunan masing masing 179, 16 meter dan 35,38 meter untuk dan untuk tangki nomor 2 jarak aman berada pada jarak 128, 60 meter dan 24,48 meter untuk manusia dan bangunan masing masing.
WT16 Solvent storage tank has a potential fire risk because this tank contain flammable liquid solvent. Even though, there is no record that this case ever happens in Indonesia. But, fire risk assessment is the essential activities that need to do for chemical industry, petrochemical industry or any other industry that use hydrocarbon in their industrial activity. The method used for this paper is descriptive method with secondary data about the storage tank. This paper use qualitative risk assessment result that fire risks for WT16 the storage tank is high. Then based on the calculation of the ALOHA software in getting the results of the thermal radiation in tank number 3 have 71 meters with 10 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 97 meters with 5 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 147 meter with Kw/m2 intensity of radiation and for tank number 2 have 68 meters with 10 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 94 meters with 5 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 142 meters with 2 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation. Then, a safe distance by calculating using the acceptable separation distance calculator results obtained within safe for humans 179, 16 meters and 35.38 meters for buildings for tank number 3 and for the tank number 2 the safe distance is at 128, 60 meters for humans and 24, 48 feet for the building.
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WT16 Solvent storage tank has a potential fire risk because this tank contain flammable liquid solvent. Even though, there is no record that this case ever happens in Indonesia. But, fire risk assessment is the essential activities that need to do for chemical industry, petrochemical industry or any other industry that use hydrocarbon in their industrial activity. The method used for this paper is descriptive method with secondary data about the storage tank. This paper use qualitative risk assessment result that fire risks for WT16 the storage tank is high. Then based on the calculation of the ALOHA software in getting the results of the thermal radiation in tank number 3 have 71 meters with 10 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 97 meters with 5 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 147 meter with Kw/m2 intensity of radiation and for tank number 2 have 68 meters with 10 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 94 meters with 5 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 142 meters with 2 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation. Then, a safe distance by calculating using the acceptable separation distance calculator results obtained within safe for humans 179, 16 meters and 35.38 meters for buildings for tank number 3 and for the tank number 2 the safe distance is at 128, 60 meters for humans and 24, 48 feet for the building.
S-7623
Depok : FKM-UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Krisman J. Sihotang; Pembimbing: Baiduri Widanarko; Penguji: Fatma Lestari, Laksita Ri Hastiti, Wenny Ipmawan, Achmad Dahlan
Abstrak:
Industri minyak memiliki risiko tinggi, kasus kejadian darurat seperti tumpahan minyak dan kebakaran di tangki pengumpul minyak sering terjadi dan digolongkan sebagai bahaya besar. Kejadian darurat ini dapat terjadi karena kegagalan safety protection layers (SPL) yang terpasang di tangki pengumpul minyak. Tangki T-04, T-09, T-18 adalah tangki pengumpul minyak PT. X yang berpotensi mengalami kejadian darurat tersebut, untuk itu dilakukan kajian dampak pajanan kimia berbahaya dan radiasi panas kebakaran tangki T-04, T-09, T-18 terhadap manusia dan fasilitas di sekitarnya. Metode kajian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk melakukan analisis dampak pajanan kimia berbahaya berupa merkaptan dan benzene serta radiasi panas yang ditimbulkan tumpahan minyak dan kebakaran tangki T-04, T-09, T-18 terhadap manusia dan fasilitas sekitar. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data sekunder baik yang ada di PT. X dan studi literatur dengan tanpa melakukan intervensi pada objek penelitian. Data yang didapatkan tersebut dipergunakan untuk mengetahui dampak pajanan kimia berbahaya dan radiasi panas secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan software ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere). Hasil simulasi ALOHA dari kerjadian darurat tumpahan minyak didapatkan pajanan merkaptan dan benzene di area Jalan Raya Utara PPP sebesar 1,33 ppm dan 379,68 ppm memberi dampak ketidaknyamanan, iritasi dan bersifat sementara bagi manusia yang terpajan di area tersebut. Pajanan di area Jalan Raya Selatan PPP sebesar 0,142 ppm dan 40,72 ppm tidak memberi dampak gangguan kesehatan bagi manusia yang terpajan di area tersebut. Pajanan di Area Ruang Operator PPP sebesar 2,9 ppm merkaptan mengakibatkan manusia yang terpajan mengalami ketidaknyamanan, iritasi dan bersifat sementara, pajanan benzene sebesar 829,79 ppm berdampak gangguan kesehatan yang merugikan atau serius atau gangguan kemampuan melarikan diri bagi manusia yang terpajan di area tersebut. Pajanan di Area Kantor PPP sebesar 1,18 ppm dan 338,45 ppm berdampak ketidaknyamanan, iritasi dan bersifat sementara bagi manusia yang berada di area tersebut. Hasil simulasi ALOHA dari kejadian kebakaran tangki mengakibatkan pajanan radiasi panas di area yang dihuni oleh manusia yaitu di Area Jalan Raya Utara PPP, Area Ruang Operator PPP, Area Kantor PPP dengan dampak yang dapat mengakibatkan kematian apabila terpajan sampai 60 detik, serta di Area Jalan Raya Selatan PPP berdampak mengalami luka bakar derajat dua apabila terpajan sampai 60 detik. Radiasi panas dari tangki terbakar juga berpotensi menimbulkan domino efek berupa kebakaran tangki di sekitar tangki yang sedang terbakar karena menerima radiasi panas sebesar 15 kW/m2. Safety Protection Layers yang terpasang di tangki PPP PT. X belum memadai sehingga kejadian darurat tumpahan minyak dan kebakaran masih pada level risiko tinggi yang menurut matriks risiko PT. X dikategorikan sebagai risiko yang tidak dapat diterima (Not Acceptable Risk). Kajian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk menambahkan Safety Protection Layers pada tangki penampung minyak PT. X untuk mengurangi risiko kebakaran menjadi risiko yang dapat diterima.
The oil industry has a high risk, cases of emergencies such as oil spills and fires in oil storage tanks occur frequently and are classified as a major hazard. This emergency event can occur due to failure of the safety protection layers (SPL) installed in the oil storage tank. Tanks T-04, T-09, T-18 are oil storage tanks of PT. X which has the potential to experience this emergency event, for this reason, a study is carried out on the impact of hazardous chemical exposure and heat radiation from the T-04, T-09, T-18 tank fires on humans and surrounding facilities. The study method used was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach to analyze the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals in the form of mercaptans and benzene and heat radiation caused by oil spills and tank fires T-04, T-09, T-18 on humans and surrounding facilities. This research was conducted through secondary data collection both at PT. X and literature studies without intervening in the research object. The data obtained is used to quantitatively determine the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals and heat radiation using ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere) software. The results of the ALOHA simulation from the emergency incident of the oil spill showed that the exposure to mercaptans and benzene in the PPP North Highway area was 1.33 ppm and 379.68 ppm, causing discomfort, irritation and temporary effects for humans exposed to the area. Exposures in the South Highway PPP area of 0.142 ppm and 40.72 ppm did not have a health impact on humans exposed to the area. Exposure in the PPP Operator Room Area of 2.9 ppm mercaptan resulted in exposed humans experiencing discomfort, irritation and was temporary, exposure to benzene of 829.79 ppm resulted in adverse or serious health problems or impaired ability to escape for humans exposed in the area. Exposure in the PPP Office Area of 1.18 ppm and 338.45 ppm had an uncomfortable, irritating and temporary effect on humans in the area. ALOHA simulation results of tank fire incidents resulting in exposure to heat radiation in areas inhabited by humans, namely in the PPP North Highway Area, PPP Operator Room Area, PPP Office Area with an impact that can result in death if exposed to up to 60 seconds, as well as in the Highway Area South PPP has the impact of experiencing second degree burns if exposed to 60 seconds. Heat radiation from a burning tank also has the potential to cause a domino effect in the form of a tank fire around the burning tank due to receiving heat radiation of 15 kW/m2. Safety Protection Layers installed in PT. X is not sufficient so that oil spill and fire emergencies are still at a high risk level according to the risk matrix of PT. X is categorized as an unacceptable risk (Not Acceptable Risk). This study provides recommendations for adding Safety Protection Layers to the PT. X to reduce fire risk to an acceptable risk.
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The oil industry has a high risk, cases of emergencies such as oil spills and fires in oil storage tanks occur frequently and are classified as a major hazard. This emergency event can occur due to failure of the safety protection layers (SPL) installed in the oil storage tank. Tanks T-04, T-09, T-18 are oil storage tanks of PT. X which has the potential to experience this emergency event, for this reason, a study is carried out on the impact of hazardous chemical exposure and heat radiation from the T-04, T-09, T-18 tank fires on humans and surrounding facilities. The study method used was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach to analyze the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals in the form of mercaptans and benzene and heat radiation caused by oil spills and tank fires T-04, T-09, T-18 on humans and surrounding facilities. This research was conducted through secondary data collection both at PT. X and literature studies without intervening in the research object. The data obtained is used to quantitatively determine the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals and heat radiation using ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere) software. The results of the ALOHA simulation from the emergency incident of the oil spill showed that the exposure to mercaptans and benzene in the PPP North Highway area was 1.33 ppm and 379.68 ppm, causing discomfort, irritation and temporary effects for humans exposed to the area. Exposures in the South Highway PPP area of 0.142 ppm and 40.72 ppm did not have a health impact on humans exposed to the area. Exposure in the PPP Operator Room Area of 2.9 ppm mercaptan resulted in exposed humans experiencing discomfort, irritation and was temporary, exposure to benzene of 829.79 ppm resulted in adverse or serious health problems or impaired ability to escape for humans exposed in the area. Exposure in the PPP Office Area of 1.18 ppm and 338.45 ppm had an uncomfortable, irritating and temporary effect on humans in the area. ALOHA simulation results of tank fire incidents resulting in exposure to heat radiation in areas inhabited by humans, namely in the PPP North Highway Area, PPP Operator Room Area, PPP Office Area with an impact that can result in death if exposed to up to 60 seconds, as well as in the Highway Area South PPP has the impact of experiencing second degree burns if exposed to 60 seconds. Heat radiation from a burning tank also has the potential to cause a domino effect in the form of a tank fire around the burning tank due to receiving heat radiation of 15 kW/m2. Safety Protection Layers installed in PT. X is not sufficient so that oil spill and fire emergencies are still at a high risk level according to the risk matrix of PT. X is categorized as an unacceptable risk (Not Acceptable Risk). This study provides recommendations for adding Safety Protection Layers to the PT. X to reduce fire risk to an acceptable risk.
T-6715
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Sekarsari Kartika Putri; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Hery Sutanto, Gerry Aditya Herwanto Putra
Abstrak:
Tesis ini membahas mengenai faktor risiko serta dampak kebakaran maupun ledakan yang dapat terjadi dari pengoperasian Boiler di Industri Makanan PT.X. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian semi kuantitatif menggunakan metode perhitungan Dows Fire and Explosion Index serta perangkat lunak ALOHA versi 5.4.7 yang superimposisi dengan MARPLOT. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan nilai 111,62 dengan klasifikasi tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran ledakan Boiler dalam kategori Intermediate. Populasi terdampak kebakaran dan ledakan Boiler sebanyak 615 orang dengan estimasi nilai kerugian sebesar Rp. 879.872.821.670. PT. X dapat mengurangi nilai kerugian dan mencegah terjadinya kebakaran serta ledakan melalui penyediaan sarana proteksi kebakaran baik aktif maupun pasif yang memadai, updating prosedur tanggap darurat, simulasi, pelatihan personil serta upgrading sistem Boiler menjadi Automatic Boiler.
The focus of this thesis discuses about risk factors and the impact of fires and explosions that can occur from the operation of boilers in the PT X Food Industry. This research is a semi quantitative research using Dows Fire and Explosion Index calculation method and the ALOHA software version 5.4.7 which is superimposed with MARPLOT. The results of the study obtained a value of 111,62 with the classification of the risk level of Boiler fire and explosion hazard in the Intermediate category. The population affected by the fire and explosion was 615 workers with an estimated loss Rp. 879.872.821.672. PT. X can reduce the value of losses and prevent fires and explosions through the provision of adequate active and passive fire protection facilities, updating emergency response prosedures, simulatin, personnel training and upgrading the Boiler System to Automatic Boiler
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The focus of this thesis discuses about risk factors and the impact of fires and explosions that can occur from the operation of boilers in the PT X Food Industry. This research is a semi quantitative research using Dows Fire and Explosion Index calculation method and the ALOHA software version 5.4.7 which is superimposed with MARPLOT. The results of the study obtained a value of 111,62 with the classification of the risk level of Boiler fire and explosion hazard in the Intermediate category. The population affected by the fire and explosion was 615 workers with an estimated loss Rp. 879.872.821.672. PT. X can reduce the value of losses and prevent fires and explosions through the provision of adequate active and passive fire protection facilities, updating emergency response prosedures, simulatin, personnel training and upgrading the Boiler System to Automatic Boiler
T-6320
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Satrya Alfandi; Pembimbing; Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Estu Prayogi
Abstrak:
Hidrogen sulfida merupakan gas beracun yang terkandung pada instalasi produksi associated gas suatu industri eksplorasi minyak dan gas. Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan semi kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder perusahaan dan literature serta observasi lapangan yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Areal Location Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsekuensi yang terjadi berdasarkan jangkauan dispersi gas, dan populasi berisiko terpajan dari skenario kebocoran instalasi produksi associated gas yang sudah dirancang. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa skenario worst case (ruptur dan tidak terkendali) pada pipa gas berukuran 10 inch memiliki dispers gas paling luas. Dalam satu jam, dispersi gas H2S terjauh dengan AEGL-1 0.51 ppm (60min) mencapai 3.6 km dengan populasi berisiko mencakup penduduk yang tinggaldi sekitar area station produksi PT. X. Selain itu didapatkan gambaran pengetahuan populasi berisiko terpanajan mengenai bahaya kebocoran gas serta gambaran sistem keselamatan kebocoran gas yang tersedia di PT.X. Kata Kunci : Analisis Konsekuensi, dispersi gas beracun, ALOHA, Associatedgas, Hidrogen sulfide (H2S), Populasi berisiko
Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas that is contained on the installation of associated gas production of an oil and gas exploration industry. This thesis is adescriptive study with a semi-quantitative approach using secondary data from thecompany, literature and field observations. Then, these data are analyzed using thesoftware Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA). The purpose ofthis study was to determine the consequences that occur based on the range of gasdispersion, and population at risk to exposed of leakage scenarios that have beendesigned at the associated gas production installations.The results of this study found that the worst case scenario (uncontrolledrupture) in a 10 inches gas pipeline has the most extensive gas dispersion. Withinan hour, the farthest H2S gas dispersion with AEGL-1 0.51 ppm (60 min) reached3.6 km with a population at risk include people living in the surrounding area ofproduction station. Moreover, other results from this study were the level ofknowledge from population at risk about the dangers from gas leaks and gas leakssafety systems overview that available in PT.X.Keywords : Consequences analysis, Toxic gas dispersion, ALOHA, Associatedgas, Hidrogen Sulfida (H2S), Population at risk
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Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas that is contained on the installation of associated gas production of an oil and gas exploration industry. This thesis is adescriptive study with a semi-quantitative approach using secondary data from thecompany, literature and field observations. Then, these data are analyzed using thesoftware Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA). The purpose ofthis study was to determine the consequences that occur based on the range of gasdispersion, and population at risk to exposed of leakage scenarios that have beendesigned at the associated gas production installations.The results of this study found that the worst case scenario (uncontrolledrupture) in a 10 inches gas pipeline has the most extensive gas dispersion. Withinan hour, the farthest H2S gas dispersion with AEGL-1 0.51 ppm (60 min) reached3.6 km with a population at risk include people living in the surrounding area ofproduction station. Moreover, other results from this study were the level ofknowledge from population at risk about the dangers from gas leaks and gas leakssafety systems overview that available in PT.X.Keywords : Consequences analysis, Toxic gas dispersion, ALOHA, Associatedgas, Hidrogen Sulfida (H2S), Population at risk
S-8209
Depok : FKM-UI, 2014
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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