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Kata kunci: implementasi KBK, angka kontak, rasio prolanis, rasio rujukan kasus non spesialistik
The increasing trend of health care costs has prompted the government to seek financing alternatives that can streamline funds without reducing the quality of services. One such system is the implementation of the commitment-based capitation consequence where the puskesmas is paid based on the number of registered participants who are responsible for its effectiveness monitoring by looking at the tendency of contact numbers (≥1500/00), prolanis ratio (≥50%), and non-specialist case referral ratio (<0.5%), so it is expected that moral hazard from the supply side can be prevented or minimized. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the implementation of Capitation Based on Service Commitment This research was conducted in DKI Jakarta area with Puskesmas as analysis unit, with sequential model mixed method (quan QUAL), qualitative data was taken by indeph interview method to key informant related to validate data which can not be validated by quantitative method. The results of two year implementation significantly increased the average contact rate in 2017 by 192.6 0/00 (target ≥150 0/00), and the average prolanis ratio of 44.9% (≥50%), and lowering the average non-specialist case referral ratio to 0.3% (target <5%). From multivariate analysis, variables modeling related to achievement of service commitment indicator were capitation value, human resources (adequacy of doctor, nurse, midwife, pharmacy) are significant influence dominanly to achievement indicator of service commitment (p value <0.05). Implementation of capitation compensation is positive enough to give an effect for all puskesmas efforts to achieve the indicator of service commitment, on the other side of the indication of moral hazard, so monitoring and evaluation is needed to create the quality service..
Keywords: implementation of capitation based on service commitment, communication contact, prolanis ratio, non-specialist case ratio
Hingga saat ini dari indikator-indikator yang masuk ke dalam komponen pembayaran kapitasi berbasis kinerja yang diinisiasi oleh BPJS Kesehatan, indikator angka kontak menjadi yang pencapaiannya paling rendah dengan capaian nasional kurang dari 50% Puskesmas di Indonesia belum mencapai target angka kontak berdasar data Riset Fasil-itas Kesehatan (Rifaskes) 2019. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor input dan karakteristik dengan ketercapaian angka kontak Puskesmas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan menerapkan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross sectional). Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh Puskesmas yang ada di Indonesia yang masuk dalam Rifaskes 2019 sebanyak 9.831 Puskesmas. Data dalam studi ini diperoleh dari data sekunder yang didapatkan dari hasil Rifaskes 2019. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan dari 5.384 Puskesmas, faktor kelengkapan alat kesehatan esensial poliklinik (OR=1,16; p=0,029), rasio dokter per 5000 peserta (OR=1,06; p<0,0001), rasio bidan per 5000 peserta (OR=1,01; p=0,033), dan pengelolaan keuangan berbasis BLUD (OR=1,13; p=0,062) secara signifikan memengaruhi ketercapaian angka kontak. Namun, model prediktif hanya menjelaskan 2,6% varians (Nagelkerke R²=0,026). Pada penelitian berikutnya dapat dilakukan perampingan data dan mengambil studi menilai pengaruh dari faktor-faktor lain seperti output Puskesmas atau demand dari sisi pasien. Diharapkan pihak berwenang dapat melengkapi alat kesehatan dan menambah tenaga kesehatan di Puseksmas guna meningkatkan angka kontak.
Of the indicators included in the performance-based capitation payment component in-itiated by BPJS Kesehatan, the contact rate indicator has the lowest achievement. Based on 2019 Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan (Rifaskes) data, less than 50% of Puskesmas in Indonesia did not reach the contact rate target. This study aimed to determine the effect of input and characteristics factors on contact rate achievement among Pusk-esmas in Indonesia. This analytical study applied a quantitative research design and used cross-sectional approach. The study sample included all 9,831 Puskesmas in In-donesia included in the 2019 Rifaskes. Data for this study were using secondary data obtained from the 2019 Rifaskes results. The study found that the completeness of es-sential medical equipment for polyclinics (OR = 1.16; p = 0.029), the ratio of doctors to 5,000 participants (OR = 1.06; p < 0.0001), the ratio of midwives to 5,000 partici-pants (OR = 1.01; p = 0.033), and BLUD-based financial management (OR = 1.13; p = 0.062) significantly influenced contact rate achievement. However, the predictive model only explained 2.6% of the variance (Nagelkerke R² = 0.026). Future research could refine the data and examine the influence of other factors, such as output factors or patient demand. It is expected that authorities should equip Puskesmas with medical equipment and increase the number of health workers to improve contact rates.
