Ditemukan 4 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Yoli Andra; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Mila Tejamaya, Stevan D. Anbiya, Iting Shofwati , Soca Gumpalawan
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Pengujian emas di laboratorium mineral menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya bagi kesehatan pekerja baik metode Fire Assay, metode aqua regia dan metode leaching sianida. Sehingga perlu diketahui risk rating dari bahan kimia dan metode pengujian yang dilakukan agar dapat ditentukan langkah-langkah pencegahan dari potensi terpajan dengan bahan kimia dan bahkan terjadinya penyakit akibat kerja. Di Laboratorium Mineral XYZ sudah menjalankan penilaian risiko secara general melalui formulir HIRADC namun belum dilakukan penilaian secara komprehensif dengan metode yang tepat terhadap risiko kesehatan pekerja. Metode CHRA DOSH Malaysia (2018) sangat tepat dipilih dalam melakukan penilian bahaya bahan kimia melalui rute inhalasi dan dermal. risiko kesehatan pengujian emas dilaboratorium Mineral XYZ didapatkan bahwa risk rating pajanan inhalasi secara kualitatif dalam pengujian emas dengan metode aqua regia lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pengujian emas dengan metode fire assay dan metode leaching sianida. metode fire assay memiliki risk rating = 25 (High Risk) metode digestion aqua regia = 9 (Moderate Risk), dan metode leaching sianida = 15 (High Risk). Hal ini sejalan dengan penilaian hazard setiap bahan kimia yang digunakan pada pengujian emas dengan metode fire assay, metode aqua regia digestion dan metode leaching sianida yang paling tinggi nilai Hazard Rating (HR) pengujian emas dengan metode metode fire assay dengan nilai 5. Sedangkan penilaian risk rating pajanan dermal di dapatkan nilai 3= H2 (high Risk) terhadap ketiga metode pengujian emas tersebut. Pengendalian bahaya dan risiko kesehatan pengujian emas di Laboratorium mineral XYZ berjalan cukup baik, namun untuk pengujian emas dengan metode aqua regia digestion dan metode leaching sianida diharapkan dapat menjadi prioritas dalam pengendaliannya
Gold testing in mineral laboratories uses chemicals that are hazardous to workers' health, both the Fire Assay method, the aqua regia method and the cyanide leaching method. So it is necessary to know the risk rating of the chemicals and the testing methods used so that preventive measures can be determined from the potential for exposure to chemicals and even occupational diseases. In the XYZ Mineral Laboratory, a general risk assessment has been carried out through the HIRADC form, but a comprehensive assessment has not been carried out with the right method for worker health risks. The CHRA DOSH Malaysia (2018) method is very appropriate to be chosen in assessing the hazards of chemicals through inhalation and dermal routes. The health risks of gold testing in the XYZ Mineral Laboratory found that the qualitative inhalation exposure risk rating in gold testing with the aqua regia method was lower than gold testing with the fire assay method and the cyanide leaching method. The fire assay method has a risk rating = 25 (High Risk) the aqua regia digestion method = 9 (Moderate Risk), and the cyanide leaching method = 15 (High Risk). This is in line with the hazard assessment of each chemical used in gold testing with the fire assay method, the aqua regia digestion method and the cyanide leaching method which has the highest Hazard Rating (HR) value for gold testing with the fire assay method with a value of 5. While the risk rating assessment of dermal exposure obtained a value of 3 = H2 (high Risk) for the three gold testing methods. Control of hazards and health risks of gold testing at the XYZ Mineral Laboratory is running quite well, but for gold testing with the aqua regia digestion method and the cyanide leaching method, it is expected to be a priority in its control
Gold testing in mineral laboratories uses chemicals that are hazardous to workers' health, both the Fire Assay method, the aqua regia method and the cyanide leaching method. So it is necessary to know the risk rating of the chemicals and the testing methods used so that preventive measures can be determined from the potential for exposure to chemicals and even occupational diseases. In the XYZ Mineral Laboratory, a general risk assessment has been carried out through the HIRADC form, but a comprehensive assessment has not been carried out with the right method for worker health risks. The CHRA DOSH Malaysia (2018) method is very appropriate to be chosen in assessing the hazards of chemicals through inhalation and dermal routes. The health risks of gold testing in the XYZ Mineral Laboratory found that the qualitative inhalation exposure risk rating in gold testing with the aqua regia method was lower than gold testing with the fire assay method and the cyanide leaching method. The fire assay method has a risk rating = 25 (High Risk) the aqua regia digestion method = 9 (Moderate Risk), and the cyanide leaching method = 15 (High Risk). This is in line with the hazard assessment of each chemical used in gold testing with the fire assay method, the aqua regia digestion method and the cyanide leaching method which has the highest Hazard Rating (HR) value for gold testing with the fire assay method with a value of 5. While the risk rating assessment of dermal exposure obtained a value of 3 = H2 (high Risk) for the three gold testing methods. Control of hazards and health risks of gold testing at the XYZ Mineral Laboratory is running quite well, but for gold testing with the aqua regia digestion method and the cyanide leaching method, it is expected to be a priority in its control
T-7424
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Irwan Mulyadi; Pembimbing: Mila Tejamaya; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Hendra, Elsye As Safira, Enjarlis
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Pekerja laboratorium terpajan berbagai bahan kimia saat melakukan aktivitasnya. Bahan kimia yang sering digunakan dalam pengujian di laboratorium adalah pelarut organik seperti etilbenzena, toluena, dan xilena, yang ketiganya memiliki risiko terhadap kesehatan. Penilaian risiko kesehatan terkait pajanan ketiga bahan kimia yang diteliti menggunakan metode CHRA dari DOSH Malaysia. Penilaian risiko kesehatan dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui penilaian tingkat bahaya (Hazard Rating) dan tingkat pajanan (Exposure Rating). Kecukupan metode pengendalian yang ada (eksisting) juga dievaluasi dalam rangka menilai prioritas aksi (Action Priority). Laboratorium telah menerapkan beberapa pengendalian, antara lain penggunaan exhaust fan, pembukaan jendela dan pintu, pemberlakuan SOP, dan tempat penyimpanan tertutup untuk bahan pelarut. Dari hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa tingkat risiko pajanan secara inhalasi bernilai 12 (risiko sedang) dan tingkat risiko pajanan secara dermal bernilai 2 (sedang). Dengan kondisi tersebut, diperlukan adanya perbaikan untuk pengendalian risiko yang ada, antara lain penggunaan lemari asam untuk proses yang melibatkan bahan kimia berbahaya, melakukan MCU untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan pekerja setelah terpapar BTEX, dan penyediaan APD seperti jas laboratorium, respirator dengan cartridge organic vapor, dan sarung tangan.
Laboratory workers are exposed to various chemicals during their activities. Chemicals that are often used in laboratory testing are organic solvents such as ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene, all of which have health risks. The health risk assessment related to exposure to the three chemicals studied used the CHRA method from DOSH Malaysia. The health risk assessment was carried out qualitatively through an assessment of the level of hazard (Hazard Rating) and the level of exposure (Exposure Rating). The adequacy of existing control methods was also evaluated in order to assess action priorities. The laboratory has implemented several controls, including the use of exhaust fans, opening windows and doors, implementing SOPs, and closed storage for solvents. From the analysis, it was found that the inhalation exposure risk level was 12 (moderate risk) and the dermal exposure risk level was 2 (moderate). With these conditions, improvements are needed to control existing risks, including the use of fume hoods for processes involving hazardous chemicals, conducting MCUs to determine the health conditions of workers after exposure to BTEX, and providing PPE such as laboratory coats, respirators with organic vapor cartridges, and gloves.
T-7150
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ni Made Truly Pinanti Sastra; Pembimbing: Indri Hapsari Susilowati; Penguji: Fatma Lestari, L. Meily; Milla Tejamaya
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Latar belakang: Fenomena korosi pada material carbon steel di fasilitas produksi hulu minyak dan gas dapat menyebabkan penipisan lapisan logam sehingga terjadi kebocoran hidrokarbon. Untuk mencegah kerugian tersebut, perusahaan perlu menerapkan corrosion management dengan injeksi corrosion inhibitor sebagai lapisan pelindung material. Salah satu jenis Corrosion inhibitor (CI) yang diinjeksikan mengandung bahan baku asam tioglikolat (TGA), seperti yang digunakan di PT. X, yaitu produk CI-A. Selain memiliki manfaat dalam melapisi logam, TGA dapat terdekomposisi menjadi H2S (hidrogen sulfida) akibat perubahan suhu, misalnya akibat paparan sinar matahari saat penyimpanan produk. Pelepasan gas iritan dari CI dapat menimbulkan risiko bagi kesehatan pernafasan pekerja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko H2S dalam produk CI yang mengandung TGA beserta usulan prioritas perbaikan existing control measures di tempat kerja. Metodologi: Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil pengukuran gas H2S dari drum produk CI-A, hasil pengukuran gas H2S dari simulasi pemanasan sampel CI-A di laboratorium PT. X, dan dokumen prosedur kerja PT. X. Selain itu, penelitian menggunakan data primer dari kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data demografi pekerja PT. X, frekuensi dan durasi penanganan CI pada 2 Unit Kerja (area produksi dan warehouse) di PT. X, dan riwayat keluhan kesehatan pekerja sebagai basis melakukan Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) menurut DOSH versi 2018. Hasil: Dari 113 responden kuesioner PT. X, 96 orang (85%) merupakan pekerja yang rutin menangani produk CI, di mana 2% pekerja pernah merasakan keluhan kesehatan saat menangani produk CI pada periode 2020-2022. Identifikasi risiko kesehatan pada kegiatan ini mengacu pada hasil pengukuran gas H2S yang diperoleh lebih dari 200 ppm dari drum dan lebih dari 700 ppm saat pemanasan 40 ºC selama 180 menit. Nilai konsentrasi ini melebihi STEL-TWA H2S menurut ACGIH yaitu 5 ppm selama 15 menit waktu pajanan. Sesuai CHRA DOSH, tingkat risiko kesehatan gas H2S termasuk hazard rating (HR) = 5. Analisis exposure rating (ER) secara kualitatif menunjukkan ER area produksi (4) lebih tinggi dari ER di area warehouse (3) karena perbedaan frequency-duration rating (FDR) antar unit kerja (magnitude rating (MR) saat aktivitas membuka tutup drum CI = 4). Oleh karena itu, perhitungan tingkat risiko kesehatan gas H2S dari produk CI-A yang mengandung TGA menghasilkan high risk level, yaitu RR = 20 pada Unit Kerja 1 dan RR = 15 pada Unit Kerja 2, sehingga pengendalian risiko utama yang perlu dilakukan oleh perusahaan adalah melakukan subsitusi bahan kimia CI di perusahaan dengan produk CI alternatif yang tidak menghasilkan gas berbahaya, seperti green corrosion inhibitor yang mulai umum dikembangkan untuk industri minyak dan gas bumi. Kesimpulan: Risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan H2S dari CI termasuk pada high risk level menurut CHRA DOSH dan langkah utama yang perlu dilakukan adalah subsitusi sebagai bagian dari technical control untuk menurunkan level risiko kesehatan pekerja di PT. X. Perusahaan memastikan kembali kesesuaian langkah pengendalian teknis, administratif, dan APD saat bahan TGA ini digunakan produk corrosion inhibitor.
Background: Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is used as iron ion reduction in corrosion inhibitor which can produce H2S (hydrogen sulfide) and expose to human health. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk level of H2S exposure from CI along with the proposed risk control in the company. Methodology: Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) according to DOSH (2018) in two exposed work units in PT. X (Work Unit 1 as production area and Work Unit 2 as warehouse area). Result: According to DOSH, the hazard rating of H2S is 5. Qualitative exposure rating (ER) analysis shows the ER of the production area (4) is higher than ER in the warehouse area (3) due to the difference in frequency-duration rating (FDR). By considering the Magnitude rating (MR) during drums opening is 4, the level of health risk is at high risk level (RR Work Units 1 = 20; RR Work Units 2 = 15). Conclusion: H2S exposure from CI is at high risk level according to CHRA DOSH and the main required control is substitution to reduce the risk level. Adequacy of technical, administrative, and PPE control measures is critical when TGA is used in corrosion inhibitor.
T-6562
Depok : FKM UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Mirza Saleh Khan; Pembimbing: Mila Tejamaya; Penguji: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Mirsupi Usman
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Tingginya tingkat penguapan dari benzene, toluene, dan xylene (BTX) dalam bensin membuat pekerja di stasiun pengisian bahan bakar umum (SPBU) berisiko tinggi terpajan BTX secara inhalasi. Adanya aktivitas pengisian bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor dan aktivitas pengisian tangki pendam (underground tank) membuat pekerja di SPBU berisiko tinggi kontak dengan bensin yang mengandung BTX secara dermal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai besarnya tingkat risiko kesehatan pada pekerja di SPBU X Beji Depok akibat pajanan BTX melalui rute pajanan inhalasi dan dermal. Design penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode CHRA dari DOSH Malaysia untuk menilai tingkat risiko kesehatan. Penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan inhalasi dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Sementara itu, penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan dermal dilakukan secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara terdapat 5 similar exposure group (SEG) untuk pajanan BTX secara inhalasi, yaitu Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, Operator Shift-3, Shift Leader, dan Supporting Team. Lalu, untuk pajanan BTX secara dermal terdapat 2 SEG, yaitu Operator dan Shift Leader. Untuk pajanan inhalasi benzene, SEG Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, dan Shift Leader memiliki tingkat risiko kesehatan tinggi (high risk), sedangkan SEG lainnya memiliki tingkat risiko moderat (moderate risk). Untuk pajanan aditif toluene dengan xylene secara inhalasi hanya SEG Operator Shift-3 yang memiliki tingkat risiko moderat (moderate risk), sedangkan SEG lainnya memiliki tingkat risiko rendah (low risk). Untuk pajanan secara dermal, kedua SEG memiliki tingkat risiko tinggi (high risk) akibat pajanan benzene, sedangkan akibat pajanan toluene dan xylene kedua SEG memiliki tingkat risiko moderat (moderate risk). Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah mengganti nozzle menjadi nozzle otomatis, memasang vapor recovery system, memasang rubber splash collars di sekitar nozzle, dan memberlakukan layanan self-service.
The high evaporation rate of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) in gasoline puts workers at public fuel stations (SPBU) at high risk of inhalation exposure to BTX. The existence of motor vehicle refueling activities and underground tank filling activities puts workers at high risk of dermal contact with BTX containing gasoline. This study aims to assess the level of health risk to workers at gas station X Beji Depok due to BTX exposure through inhalation and dermal exposure routes. The research design used was descriptive analysis using the CHRA method from DOSH Malaysia to assess the level of health risk. The health risk assessment of inhalation exposure route was done quantitatively. The health risk assessment of the dermal exposure route was carried out qualitatively. Based on observations and interviews, there are 5 similar exposure groups (SEG) for BTX inhalation exposure, namely Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, Operator Shift-3, Shift Leader, and Supporting Team. Then, for dermal BTX exposure, there are 2 SEG, namely Operator and Shift Leader. For benzene inhalation exposure, the SEG of Operator Shift-1, Operator Shift-2, and Shift Leader have a high health risk level, while the other SEG have a moderate risk level. For inhalation exposure to toluene additive with xylene, only the SEG of Operator Shift-3 have a moderate risk level, while the other SEG have a low risk level. For dermal exposure, both SEG have a high risk level due to benzene exposure, while due to toluene and xylene exposure both SEG have a moderate risk level. Recommendations are to change the nozzle to an automatic nozzle, install a vapor recovery system, install rubber splash collars around the nozzle, and implement self-service.
S-11744
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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