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Contraception is an effort to prevent pregnancy. This effort can be temporary or permanent by means of certain methods, tools and medicines. In Indonesia, contraception is regulated and implemented in the family planning program which aims to create quality families and achieve community welfare. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the shift in the use of modern to traditional contraceptives among currently married women in Indonesia based on the 2017 IDHS data. The data collection method is cross sectional and analyzed with a logistic regression model. The description of the type of modern contraception used is the short-term contraceptive method, while the reasons for the respondents moving were due to side effects, problems of access and availability, and the absence of support from their husbands. The bivariate results state that predisposing factors (age, education level, level of knowledge, socioeconomics, and desire to have children), reinforcing factors (decision makers, family planning visits and counseling, and media exposure) and enabling factors, namely service quality have a significant relationship with displacement. modern contraception. Based on mutivariate analysis, the variable level of education is the variable that has the strongest influence on the transfer of modern contraception compared to other variables. Family planning programs need to focus more on client demographic factors by providing broad and quality service and counseling so that the objectives of the family planning program can be delivered effectively and on target.
ABSTRAK
Keluhan efek samping pada kulit akibat penggunaan kosmetik pemutih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang terjadi peningkatan setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan lama penggunaan kosmetik pemutih terhadap keluhan efek samping di kulit di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi dan Surabaya. Penelitian merupakan analisis data sekunder Survei Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan tahun 2009. Analisis data menggunakan stratifikasi dan analisis multivariat menggunakan Cox regression. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi keluhan efek samping pada kulit sebesar 24,8%; proporsi responden dengan jenis kosmetik pemutih skin bleaching sebesar 21,5%; proporsi responden dengan lama penggunaan kosmetik pemutih lebih dari 3 bulan sebesar 58,9%; jenis kosmetik pemutih skin bleaching berisiko 1,690 kali terhadap keluhan efek samping pada kulit tanpa dikontrol oleh kovariat; lama penggunaan lebih dari 3bulan berisiko 1,755 kali terhadap keluhan efek samping pada kulit tanpa dikontrol oleh kovariat; jenis kosmetik pemutih skin bleaching beresiko 1,577 kali terhadap keluhan efek samping pada kulit setelah dilakukan pengontrolan terhadap faktor risiko lainnya.
ABSTRACT
side effects complaints on the skin due to the use of cosmetics whitening is one of the health problems that increase every year throughout the world. This study investigates correlation between the type and duration of use more than 3 months of whitening cosmetics againts side effect complains on the skin in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi and Surabaya. The study was conducted with a cross sectional analytic design, using survey data from the National Agency of Drug and Food Control in 2009. Stratification was used in data analysis while multivariate analysis uses Cox regression. The result of analyses showed that prevalence of side effects complain on the skin was 24,8%; the proportion of people using skin bleaching was 21,5%; the proportion of people with duration use more than 3 months was 58,9%. the data showed that people who used skin bleaching whitening cosmetics was at risk of 1,690 times before controlling the coariate factors while 1,544 times after controlling to covariate factors to have complaints of the side effect on skin. As for people with duration of use more than 3 months was at risk of 1,755 times before controlling the covariate factors while 1,577 times after controlling the covariate factors to have complaints of side effect on skin.
The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of food supplement consumption behavior and its correlates among production worker at PT Akebono Brake Astra Indonesia. This study uses cross-sectional design, accidental sampling methode, and analyzed using the independent t test and chi-square test. The study sample consist of 180 workers. This study was conducted on April 08-30, 2013. The result of this study shows that 45,5% of respondents was consuming food supplement. This study also found that food supplement consumption behavior has been associated with age (p value = 0,033). The researcher suggest the existence of education program such as consultation or seminar, so that respondents understand what is the meaning of food supplement, the classification of food supplement, the content of food supplement, the rules of usage, and side effects.
