Abstrak: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of income inequality and parental socioeconomic status on several birth outcomes in Japan. Data were collected on birth outcomes and parental socioeconomic status by questionnaire from Japanese parents nationwide (n = 41,499) and then linked to Gini coefficients at the prefectural level in 2001. In multilevel analysis, z scores of birth weight for gestational age decreased by 0.018 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.029, -0.006) per 1-standard-deviation (0.018-unit) increase in the Gini coefficient, while gestational age at delivery was not associated with the Gini coefficient. For dichotomous outcomes, mothers living in prefectures with middle and high Gini coefficients were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.47) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.48) times more likely, respectively, to deliver a small-for-gestational-age infant than mothers living in more egalitarian prefectures (low Gini coefficients), although preterm births were not significantly associated with income distribution. Parental educational level, but not household income, was significantly associated with the z score of birth weight for gestational age and small-for-gestational-age status. Higher income inequality at the prefectural level and parental educational level, rather than household income, were associated with intrauterine growth but not with shorter gestational age at delivery.

Abstrak: Kelangsungan hidup bayi didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan bayi untuk bertahan hidup menjalani kehidupan sampai berusia 1 tahun. Tahun 2012, AKB Indonesia sebesar 32 per-1000 kelahiran hidup. Status ekonomi akan mempengaruhi kekangsungan hidup bayi melalui faktor maternal, gizi, kondisi janin saat lahir, pengendalian penyakit dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat lahir menurut usia kehamilan terhadap kelangsungan hidup bayi di Indonesia. Metode penelitiannya adalah kohort retrospektif dengan pemanfaatan 13.295 data anak yang terdapat pada data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2013. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kelangsungan hidup bayi berat lahir kecil masa kehamilan memiliki probabilitas paling rendah sebesar 97%. Hasil cox regresi diperoleh berat lahir kecil masa kehamilan pada status ekonomi kaya, HR=8,95, pada ekonomi menengah, HR=3,72, dan pada ekonomi miskin, HR=7,36. Kecil masa kehamilan memiliki kontribusi terhadap kematian bayi di populasi sebesar 42%. Peningkatan kualitas antenatal care selama kehamilan dan sosialisasi metode perawatan kanguru pada bayi baru lahir merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk menurunkan kejadian kecil masa kehamilan. Kata kunci: Kelangsungan hidup bayi, kecil masa kehamilan, status ekonomi Infant survival is defined as the ability of infants to survive through life until the age of 1 year. In 2012, Indonesia IMR reported as 32 per 1,000 live births. Sosioeconomic status will affect infant suvival through maternal factors, nutrition, fetal condition at birth, disease control and environment. This study aims to determine the effect of birth weight for gestational age on the infants survival in Indonesia. The Method of study is a retrospective cohort, utilize of data 13 295 child data contained in the Riskesdas data 2013. Result of the analysis showed that the survival of small for gestatioanal age had the lowest probability of 97%. Results cox regression showed that small for gestational age on the high economic status , HR = 8.95, the middle-income status, HR = 3.72, and the poor economic status, HR = 7.36. Small for gestational age have contributed to infant mortality in the population by 42%. Improving the quality of antenatal care for during pragnancy and socialization of kangaroo care method for birth weight small for gestational age is an alternative to decrease the incidence of small for gestational age. Keywords: Infant survival, small for gestational age, economic status

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