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Introduction. High HbA1c can potentially cause various health implications, primarily related to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Poor sleep quality increases the risk of elevated HbA1c levels through multiple mechanisms. This study aims to determine the association between sleep quality and high HbA1c levels in Indonesia's productive age population of 20-59 years. Methodology. This study was conducted cross-sectionally using Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data in 2014. The sample size was 4223 using the total sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively and estimated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The data were analyzed using STATA 13 software. Results. The prevalence of high HbA1c levels was 6.06%, while the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 15.16%. A total of 15.47% who experienced high HbA1c levels had poor sleep quality. The final model analysis showed that those with poor sleep quality were statistically significantly associated (p<0.001) and increased the risk of high HbA1c by four times compared to those with good sleep quality (PR= 3.99; 3.0563-5.2173). There were no confounders that could interfere with the association of high HbA1c levels with poor sleep quality in this study. However, those who were ≥45 years old, female, hypertension, and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 had a greater risk of high HbA1c in poor sleep quality. Conclusion. Poor sleep quality was shown to be significantly associated with the incidence of high HbA1c levels. Requires educational interventions and health counselling in the productive age population related to maintaining sleep quality based on the components of good sleep quality for maintaining normal HbA1c levels.
Diabetes melitus (DM) menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, yang menduduki peringkat ke-5 dunia dengan jumlah penderita terbanyak, diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi 29 juta kasus pada tahun 2045. Keparahan DM sering kali dikaitkan dengan komplikasi jangka panjang seperti gangguan jantung, stroke, dan kerusakan saraf. Salah satu indikator untuk mengukur keparahan DM adalah kadar HbA1c, yang mencerminkan kontrol gula darah dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keparahan diabetes melitus pada pasien di RS Universitas Indonesia (RS UI) Poli IPD Tahun 2022-2023, dengan menggunakan kadar HbA1c sebagai indikator keparahan.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan data dengan purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan membuka website cengkeh.ui.ac.id bagian CPPT (SOAP Notes) untuk membaca catatan dokter dan ners, serta membuka Medical Support Result untuk membaca lebih lanjut hasil lab yang dijalani pasien. Total data yang dikumpulkan oleh peneliti sebanyak 129 orang dari data rekam medis pasien DM 2022-2023 di Poli IPD RS UI. Peneliti akan mengolah data dengan cara analisis univariat untuk mendeskripsikan distribusi frekuensi, serta analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 38,8% pasien DM di RS UI dalam kondisi parah dengan kadar HbA1c ≥8%, dengan mayoritas pasien (78,3%) berusia lanjut (≥60 tahun), 53,5% berjenis kelamin perempuan, dan 70,5% menggunakan pembiayaan melalui BPJS. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel usia, GDP kadar LDL, trigliserida, dan riwayat keluarga dengan tingkat keparahan DM (p-value <0,05).
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health issue in Indonesia, ranking 5th worldwide with the highest number of sufferers, and it is estimated to increase to 29 million cases by 2045. The severity of DM is often associated with long-term complications such as heart disease, stroke, and nerve damage. One of the indicators used to measure the severity of DM is the HbA1c level, which reflects long-term blood glucose control. This study aims to identify factors that are related to the severity of diabetes mellitus in patients at the RS Universitas Indonesia (RS UI) Internal Medicine Outpatient Department (IPD) from 2022 to 2023, using HbA1c levels as an indicator of severity. The method used in this study is cross-sectional with data collection techniques using purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out by opening the cengkeh.ui.ac.id website in the CPPT (SOAP Notes) section to read the doctor's and nurse's notes, as well as opening the Medical Support Results to read more about the patient's lab results. The total data collected by researchers was 129 people from medical records of 2022-2023 DM patients at the UI Hospital IPD Polyclinic. Researchers will process the data using univariate analysis to describe the frequency distribution, as well as bivariate analysis using the chi-square test to see the relationship between variables. The results showed that 38.8% of DM patients at UI Hospital were in severe condition with HbA1c levels ≥8%, with the majority of patients (78.3%) being elderly (≥60 years), 53.5% female, and 70 .5% uses financing through BPJS. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between the variables age, fasting plasma glucose, LDL levels, triglycerides, and family history with the severity of DM (p-value <0.05).
Diabetes is a non-communicable disease with a continuously increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia, where the prevalence reached 11.7% according to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Prediabetes, as a precursor condition to diabetes, has garnered global attention due to its higher prevalence and the rapid progression potential to type 2 diabetes. The widespread sedentary lifestyle phenomenon further exacerbates this risk, as it is strongly associated with insufficient physical activity, a major risk factor for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and analyze the association between insufficient physical activity and prediabetes incidence after controlling for covariates such as age, sex, education, comorbidities, dietary patterns, and smoking habits. This cross-sectional study utilizes secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The results indicate a prediabetes prevalence of 42.91% in the adult population aged 18-59 years in Indonesia, with 39.77% occurring in the insufficient physical activity group. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression showed almost no difference in prediabetes risk between the insufficient physical activity and sufficient physical activity groups (PR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91–1.01). The high prevalence of prediabetes in the productive age group is expected to motivate increased frequency and duration of physical activity to a minimum of 150 minutes per week and regular early detection of prediabetes.
The high cost of using insulin and increasing the prevalence of people with type 2 DM who use insulin can be a burden on hospitals and the government, for this reason it is necessary to have policies that will encourage the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment of type 2 DM patients. financing of type 2 DM patients in the hospital before and after insulin restriction. This research is an economic evaluation research with cross sectional design with a hospital perspective. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, documents / receipts from hospital pharmaceutical installations, finance departments, laboratory sections and documents from the data management department. Subjects were outpatient type 2 DM patients with a total sample of 26 for the group before restriction and 31 for the group after restriction. The results of the study in the groups before and after the restriction for HbA1c decrease were 53.85% and 61.29% with an average decrease of 0.05 and 0.06. The average total cost of one type 2 DM patient per episode of outpatient treatment is Rp. 1,180,620 and Rp. 837,705, with a total average cost of medicine is Rp. 1,000,620 and Rp. 657,705. The group after the retrieval can be said to be more efficient in spending the cost of drug type 2 DM patients with a difference of Rp.342,915 per treatment episode
Diabetes melitus (DM) masih menjadi tantangan bagi negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) memproyeksikan angka DM di Indonesia akan meningkat 150%, menjadi 28,6 juta jiwa pada tahun 2045. WHO merekomendasikan kelompok berisiko untuk melakukan kombinasi dari konsumsi buah dan sayur ≥5 porsi/hari serta melakukan aktivitas fisik cukup untuk hasil optimal dalam menurunkan risiko DM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara efek gabungan konsumsi buah-sayur dan aktivitas fisik dengan DM pada penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023. Desain studi cross sectional dari data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dengan total sampel 23.821 orang dewasa berusia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi DM pada orang dewasa sebesar 15,2%. Analisis multivariat dengan uji logistic regression menunjukkan asosiasi yang tidak signifikan antara konsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik kurang dibandingkan dengan penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup (RRCorrected 1,2; 95%CI 1,08-1,52 p value 0,607), artinya penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki tren peningkatan risiko DM sebesar 1,2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi dan obesitas sentral, meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Optimalisasi upaya pencegahan DM dengan meningkatkan intake buah-sayur agar memenuhi rekomendasi ≥5 porsi/hari dapat dilakukan penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun yang disertai dengan meningkatkan kegiatan aktivitas fisik baik sedang maupun berat serta meningkatkan kegiatan olah raga bersama baik di sekolah, kampus, kantor maupun di rumah.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a significant challenge for developing countries, including Indonesia. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) projects that the number of DM cases in Indonesia will increase by 150%, reaching 28,6 million by 2045. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that high-risk groups adopt a combination of consuming ≥5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and engaging in sufficient physical activity for optimal results in reducing DM risk. This study aims to examine the association between the combined effects of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity on DM among adults aged 18–64 years in Indonesia in 2023. The study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), involving a total sample of 23,821 adults aged 18–64 in Indonesia. The findings revealed that the prevalence of DM among adults was 15,2%. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed a non-significant association between consuming <3 servings of fruits and vegetables per day with insufficient physical activity compared to adults who consumed ≥5 servings per day and engaged in adequate physical activity (RRcorrected 1,2; 95% CI 1,08–1,52, p-value 0,607). This suggests that adults with low fruit and vegetable intake (<3 servings/day) and low physical activity had a trend of a 1,2 times higher risk of DM compared to those who met the recommended intake (≥5 servings/day) and had sufficient physical activity, after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, and central obesity—though the result was not statistically significant. To optimize DM prevention efforts, adults aged 18–64 should increase their fruit and vegetable intake to meet the recommended ≥5 servings per day, alongside increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and promoting group exercise activities in schools, universities, workplaces, and at home.