Ditemukan 4 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Fumiaki Imamura, Kenneth J. Mukamal, James B. Meigs, José A. Luchsinger, Joachim H. Ix, David S. Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian
Abstrak:
Insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We tested whether risk factors would differ for DM that was preceded predominantly by IR, β-cell dysfunction, or both among 4,384 older adults (mean age, 72.7 (standard deviation, 5.6) years) in the Cardiovascular Health Study, which was conducted in North Carolina, California, Maryland, and Pennsylvania (1989-2007). When evaluating established risk factors, we found older age, greater adiposity, higher systolic blood pressure, a lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, a higher triglyceride level, and a lower alcohol intake to be independently associated with greater IR but, conversely, with better β-cell function (P < 0.001). The prospective associations between some risk factors and incident DM varied significantly depending on whether DM was preceded predominantly by IR, β-cell dysfunction, or both. For example, obesity and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were positively associated with DM preceded predominantly by IR (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.81, 9.00; and HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.93, respectively), with a significant association with and an insignificant trend toward a lower risk of DM preceded predominantly by β-cell dysfunction (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.80; and HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.39, respectively). In conclusion, among older adults, DM risk factors were differentially associated with DM preceded predominantly by IR or β-cell dysfunction. Biologic and clinical implications of putative subtypes of DM require further investigation.
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AJE Vol.177, No.12
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2013
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nurul Fajriyah; Pembimbing: Doni Hikmat Ramdhan; Penguji: Robiana Modjo, Gatot Suhariyono
Abstrak:
PM2,5 atau partikulat halus adalah partikulat dengan diameter kurang dari 2,5 μm dansalah satu sumber utamanya adalah emisi gas buang dari kendaraan. Sifat dari partikulatini dapat masuk ke alveolus dan terdifusi ke pembuluh darah kemudian dapatmenyebabkan inflamasi pada sel dan mengganggu kadar normal dari beberapa biokimia tubuh yang terkandung dalam darah, seperti glukosa, insulin, hs-CRP dan biomarkerpendukung berupa MDA serta TNF-α. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan antara kelompok terpajan dan tidak terpajan PM2,5 dengan keluhan gangguan pernapasan serta kadar glukosa, insulin, hs-CRP, MDA serta TNF-α.Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel yangdigunakan adalah petugas kebersihan Jalana Raya Jenderal Sudirman sebagai kelompokterpajan PM2,5 dan petugas kebersihan FKM UI sebagai kelompok tidak terpajan PM2,5.Dilakukan pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 secara personal sampling, kuesioner dan tesdarah sampel oleh laboratorium. Uji statistic yang digunakan, yaitu uji kai kuadrat dan ujit.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan antara glukosa (p=0,025), insulin (p=0,001),MDA (p=0,006) dan TNF-α (p=0,039) pada petugas kebersihan jalan raya dan petugaskebersihan FKM UI. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara keluhan pernapasan (p=0,156) danhs-CRP (p=0,169) petugas kebersihan jalan raya dan petugas kebersihan FKM UI.
Kata Kunci: PM2,5, keluhan pernapasan, glukosa, insulin, CRP, MDA, TNF-α
PM2,5 or fine particles are particles with diameter less than 2,5 μm and one of the sourceis gas emission from vehicles. The character of these particles can enter until in alveoliand diffuse into artery and causing cell inflammation and distract the normalbiochemistry blood like amount of glucose, insulin and hs-CRP also using supportbiomarker MDA and TNF-α. The aim of this research is to know the differentiationbetween exposure group and un-exposure group of PM2,5 with respiration symptoms,glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, MDA and TNF-α in cleaning service at highway.This research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional design study. The samples arecleaning service at highway as exposure group and cleaning service at FKM UI as unexposure group. Personal sampling is used to measuring the particles, questionnair andsample blood tested by laboratorium. This research used statistical chi square test and ttest.Based on research, I found a differentiation in glucose (p=0,025), insulin (p=0,001),MDA (p=0,006) and TNF-α (p=0,039) in exposure group and un-exposure group. I didnot found a differentiation in respiration symptoms (p=0,156) and hs-CRP (p=0,169) inexposure group and un-exposure group.
Key words: PM2,5, respiration symptoms, glucose, insulin, CRP, MDA, TNF-α
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Kata Kunci: PM2,5, keluhan pernapasan, glukosa, insulin, CRP, MDA, TNF-α
PM2,5 or fine particles are particles with diameter less than 2,5 μm and one of the sourceis gas emission from vehicles. The character of these particles can enter until in alveoliand diffuse into artery and causing cell inflammation and distract the normalbiochemistry blood like amount of glucose, insulin and hs-CRP also using supportbiomarker MDA and TNF-α. The aim of this research is to know the differentiationbetween exposure group and un-exposure group of PM2,5 with respiration symptoms,glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, MDA and TNF-α in cleaning service at highway.This research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional design study. The samples arecleaning service at highway as exposure group and cleaning service at FKM UI as unexposure group. Personal sampling is used to measuring the particles, questionnair andsample blood tested by laboratorium. This research used statistical chi square test and ttest.Based on research, I found a differentiation in glucose (p=0,025), insulin (p=0,001),MDA (p=0,006) and TNF-α (p=0,039) in exposure group and un-exposure group. I didnot found a differentiation in respiration symptoms (p=0,156) and hs-CRP (p=0,169) inexposure group and un-exposure group.
Key words: PM2,5, respiration symptoms, glucose, insulin, CRP, MDA, TNF-α
S-8084
Depok : FKM UI, 2014
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Yeni; Pembimbing: Mardiati Nadjib; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Prastuti Soewondo, Helsy Pahlemy, Barry Anggara Putra
Abstrak:
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Tingginya biaya penggunaan insulin dan semakin meningkatkan prevalensi penderita DM tipe 2 yang menggunakan insulin dapat menjadi beban rumah sakit dan pemerintah, untuk itu perlu adanya kebijakan yang akan mendorong efektivitas dan efisiensi pengobatan pasien DM tipe 2 khususnya pasien rawat jalan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan penurunan HbA1c dan pembiayaan pasien DM tipe 2 di rumah sakit sebelum dan setelah adanya kebijakan restriksi insulin dalam Fornas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi ekonomi dengan desain cross sectional dengan perspektif rumah sakit untuk melihat efisiensi biaya terapi pengobatan pasien DM tipe 2 sebelum dan setelah adanya restriksi insulin dalam Fornas. Data diambil secara retrospektif dari rekam medik, dokumen/ kuitansi dari instalasi farmasi rumah sakit, dokumen/ kuitansi dari bagian keuangan, dokumen/ kuitansi dari bagian laboratorium dan dokumen dari bagian managemen data. Subjek adalah pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan dengan jumlah sampel 26 untuk kelompok sebelum restriksi dan 31 untuk kelompok setelah restriksi. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok sebelum dan setelah restriksi untuk penurunan nilai HbA1c yaitu 53,85% dan 61,29% dengan rata-rata penurunan yaitu 0,05 dan 0,06 . Total rata-rata biaya satu orang pasien DM tipe 2 per episode pengobatan rawat jalan adalah sebesar Rp. 1.180.620 dan Rp. 837.705, dengan total rata-rata biaya obat adalah Rp. 1.000.620 dan Rp. 657.705. Kelompok setelah retsriksi dapat dikatakan lebih efisien dalam mengeluarkan biaya obat untuk pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan dengan selisih biaya Rp.342.915 perepisode pengobatan. Peneliti menyarankan agar rumah sakit selalu melakukan evaluasi terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan dalam menjalankan terapi dengan rutin melakukan pemeriksaan HbA1c
The high cost of using insulin and increasing the prevalence of people with type 2 DM who use insulin can be a burden on hospitals and the government, for this reason it is necessary to have policies that will encourage the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment of type 2 DM patients. financing of type 2 DM patients in the hospital before and after insulin restriction. This research is an economic evaluation research with cross sectional design with a hospital perspective. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, documents / receipts from hospital pharmaceutical installations, finance departments, laboratory sections and documents from the data management department. Subjects were outpatient type 2 DM patients with a total sample of 26 for the group before restriction and 31 for the group after restriction. The results of the study in the groups before and after the restriction for HbA1c decrease were 53.85% and 61.29% with an average decrease of 0.05 and 0.06. The average total cost of one type 2 DM patient per episode of outpatient treatment is Rp. 1,180,620 and Rp. 837,705, with a total average cost of medicine is Rp. 1,000,620 and Rp. 657,705. The group after the retrieval can be said to be more efficient in spending the cost of drug type 2 DM patients with a difference of Rp.342,915 per treatment episode
T-5832
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ciaran J. McMullan ... [et al.]
AJE Vol.178, No.2
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2013
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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