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Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 121 responden dengan jumlah kasus 31 responden dan kontrol 90 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan oleh Tim dari mahasiswa FETP FKM UI dan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Garut yang dilaksanakan tanggal 6 9 Februari 2018 di 13 Puskesmas yang dilaporkan adanya kasus. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji resgresi logistic untuk melihat nilai odds ratio menggunakan stata versi 14,2 di Laboratorium Komputer FKM UI.
Hasil: Pola KLB merupakan propagated epidemic yang terjadi pada umur 1 Tahun 71 Tahun. Kasus Primer terjadi pada minggu 48 Tahun 2017. Analisis multivariat fit model menunjukan status imunisasi berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri (Pvalue = 0,036; OR=3,5; 95% CI = 1,08-11,10) dan riwayat perjalanan berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri (Pvalue = 0,000; OR = 5,4; 95% CI = 2,08-13,93). Efikasi vaksin DPT, DT, Td sebesar 71,4%.
Kesimpulan dan saran: Telah terjadi penularan penyakit dari orang ke orang. Indeks case dan sumber penularan tidak diketahui karena mobilitas penduduk yang tinggi. Ada hubungan bermakna antara status imunisasi dan riwayat perjalanan dengan kejadian difteri. Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Garut agar dapat Meningkatkan Kwalitas dan cakupan imunisasi DPT, DT, Td, Meningkatkan perbaikan pencatatan imunisasi dengan tertib, dan Meningkatkan koordinasi pelaporan dalam penemuan kasus baru dan karier
Kata kunci: Difteri, KLB, Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI)
Diphtheria is contributor of outbreak (KLB) for some regions in Indonesia, included West Java Province. Diphtheria cases recorded increased through 2015 - 2016, cases increased from 59 cases to 153 cases. Depok City became one of the contributors of cases that have fluctuating incidents. Disease trends have declined in 2013-2015, but then increased in 2016 to 8 cases. This study discusses policy implementation, viewed from policy sources, resource arrangements, the characteristics of implementing agencies, bureaucratic structures, communications, the influence of dispositions and socio-economic and political circumstances in control of Diphtheria Outbreak and Outbreak Response Immunization ORI) in Depok City in 2017. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive design, through in-depth interviews and document review. The results showed that the limited resources, especially human resources, the lack of cross-sectoral concern and social environment factors, like the rejection of some community for vaccination, became a challenge in controlling the Diphtheria Outbreak and Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) in Depok City. It is expected that policy implementers can commit to working together, and taking into the influential factors in policy implementation, as well as government support in providing halal and safe vaccines and research on bioterrorism can also be done as solving cases of diphtheria fluctuating annually.
Key words: Diphteria, Outbreak, Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI)
Monitoring system based on event or EBS is part of an increase in vigilance and early response to the existence of a threat of the outbreak through the management of data and information of the existence of the outbreak that has potentially occurrences verified truth and adjustment. This research aims to develop information systems online monitoring of the outbreak based on events (event based surveillance) in the command post of the outbreak the Ministry of health who can manage the outbreak data are accurate, realtime and daily in increased alertness and early response. The research development of the system using a kualitatfi approach that aims to obtain identify information systems that are running at the moment. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews, observation and document study. Information obtained become the foundation to design a system of which refer to method of development used namely system development life cycle which includes the analysis stage , design , and the implementation of the simulation as prototype of application .This research produce prototype EBS information system in the form of application to make it easier for online in a component input , processing and the outer covering of .The system should ease the process of collecting the , entry and processing data up to produce information that realtime and accurate because the process is already automatically with computer technology .Data storage using technology database in order to facilitate the search for data , process data and is connected with the internet .Output berua system presentation of information that realtime , describing a period of daily , that could support in the efforts that identification will be carried out as increasing awareness and response . Key word: Monitoring system based on event, Outrbreak.
Campak dan Rubela merupakan penyakit menular berpotensi wabah yang dapat menimbulkan komplikasi serius bahkan kematian, terutama pada anak-anak. Namun keduanya dapat dicegah melalui pemberian imunisasi. Trend cakupan imunisasi yang menurun, terutama paska pandemi COVID-19, telah menyebabkan peningkatan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) salah satunya Campak-Rubela, sehingga diperlukan respon cepat melalui pemberian imunisasi tambahan berupa Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI). Pelaksanaan ORI di sebagian besar wilayah terdampak KLB masih belum optimal, terutama dari sisi ketepatan waktu respon. Kementerian Kesehatan telah menyediakan alat bantu untuk mendukung proses pra-pelaksanaan ORI, namun penginputan masih bersifat manual dan sistem ini belum terintegrasi dengan sistem informasi lain, serta belum memiliki mekanisme verifikasi dan monitoring oleh tingkat administrasi yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu inovasi yang dapat memperbaiki sistem yang ada saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prototipe sistem informasi terintegrasi guna meningkatkan ketepatan waktu pelaksanaan ORI di tingkat puskesmas dalam rangka penanggulangan KLB Campak-Rubela.
Metode yang digunakan adalah Pendekatan Rapid Evolutionary Prototyping yang memungkinkan pengembangan dilakukan bertahap berdasarkan masukan yang diperoleh selama proses implementasi dengan cakupan terbatas. Sistem dikembangkan melalui tahapan analisis kebutuhan, identifikasi masalah, desain (logis serta fisik) dan implementasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototipe yang terintegrasi dengan sistem SKDR dan SMILE dilengkapi beberapa menu utama yaitu notifikasi status, penginputan data kajian epidemiologi, perhitungan kebutuhan vaksin dan pelaporan ORI secara real time. Hasil pengujian yang melibatkan informan dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok, Puskesmas Pengasinan dan Depok Jaya menunjukkan bahwa prototipe Sistem Informasi Outbreak Response Immunization (SIORI) efektif dan efisien dalam mendukung penyelenggaraan ORI. Kesimpulannya, prototipe SIORI memiliki potensi memperbaiki sistem yang ada saat ini dalam meningkatkan ketepatan waktu penyelenggaraan ORI KLB Campak-Rubela.
Measles and Rubella are highly contagious infectious diseases that can lead to serious complications and even death, especially in children. These diseases could cause outbreaks, however, can be prevented through immunization. The declining trend in immunization coverage, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to an increase in outbreaks, including Measles-Rubella, thus requiring a prompt response through supplementary immunization activities known as Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI). The implementation of ORI in most outbreak-affected areas remains suboptimal, particularly in terms of response timeliness. Although the Ministry of Health has provided supporting excel based tools to support the pre-implementation process of ORI, data entry is still manual, the system is not yet integrated with other relevant information systems and is not complemented with verification and monitoring mechanisms from higher administrative levels. Therefore, an innovation is needed to improve the current system. This study aims to improve the timeliness of ORI implementation at the primary health care level in response to Measles-Rubella outbreaks through development of an integrated information system prototype. The Rapid Evolutionary Prototyping approach was used as the system development model, which allows for incremental development based on feedback collected during implementation assessment. The system was developed through the stages of needs analysis, problem identification, logical and physical design, and implementation. This study resulted in the development of a prototype information system named SIORI, designed to improve the timeliness of ORI implementation. The system includes several key features including outbreak status notification that is integrated with the Early Warning Alert and Response System (SKDR), input for epidemiological assessment data, vaccine stock data obtained from the Electronic Immunization and Logistics Monitoring System (SMILE), vaccine needs calculation, and reporting functions covering response timeliness and immunization service data input. Implementation test involving informants from Depok City Health Office and selected health centers (Puskesmas Pengasinan and Depok Jaya) showed that SIORI is more effective and efficient in supporting ORI implementation. The conclusion is that prototype SIORI has potentials to improve the current system in to accelerating ORI implementation timeliness.
Difteri masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Kabupaten Garut terdapat 100 kasus difteri dengan CFR sebesar 17,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan status imunisasi dan riwayat kontak dengan kejadian difteri di Kabupaten Garut tahun 2023–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix-method. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain case control (1:2) dengan matching individu berdasarkan usia dan tempat tinggal. Jumlah responden sebanyak 141 anak (47 kasus dan 94 kontrol) yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling dari data KLB. Analisis kondisional regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menghitung odds ratio (OR) dan 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan terkait menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Sebagian besar anak pada kelompok kasus tidak diimunisasi (74,47%) dan memiliki riwayat kontak dengan penderita difteri (76,6%). anak yang tidak diimunisasi dan memiliki riwayat kontak berisiko 9 kali untuk terkena difteri dibandingkan dengan yang imunisasi lengkap (95%CI: 2,67-31,79). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status imunisasi dan kejadian difteri (OR=5,82; 95% CI: 2,17–15,61; p=0,0001) sebelum mengontrol kovariat. Setelah mengontrol kovariat, terdapat hubungan antara status imunisasi dan kejadian difteri (OR=3,08; 95% CI: 1,40–23,79; p=0,008). Hasil kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial-budaya, agama, penolakan imunisasi, serta sistem surveilans yang belum optimal sebelum KLB turut memengaruhi kejadian. Diperlukan peningkatan cakupan imunisasi, edukasi masyarakat, serta penguatan sistem surveilans untuk pencegahan difteri di wilayah berisiko tinggi.
Keywords: difteri, status imunisasi, riwayat kontak, mix-method, Kab. Garut
