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West Papua Province ranks third in the highest cases of malaria in Indonesia. The number of positive malaria cases in 2020 totaled 254,050 cases, which increased in 2021 with 304,607 cases. There are several risk factors for the occurrence of malaria such as socio-demographic, environmental factors, and individual behavior in preventing the transmission of malaria. This study aims to assess the determinants of malaria incidence in West Papua Province, using the 2018 West Papua Province Riskesdas data source with a cross-sectional study design. This study used the cox regression statistical test on 2,602 samples in the province of West Papua, with statistical significance based on 95% confidence intervals. The results showed that the prevalence of malaria in West Papua Province was 37.2%. the highest proportion of malaria incidence was in males 42.5%, age 5 tahun 37.4%, last education SMP/SLTP 37.5%, work not at risk 37.8%, did not sleep using insecticide treated nets 41.2 %, not using repellents, not using mosquito coils 38.0%, using gauze on house ventilation 42.7%, destroying used containerized 39.5%, living in urban areas 46.5%, the type of main water facility used used for cooking, personal hygiene and washing purposes which were not at risk 38.3% and the type of main water facility used for drinking purposes which was not at risk 38.7%. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between gender (PR 1.295; 95% CI 1.141-1.469) and area type (PR 0.746; 95% CI 0.650-0.855). As well as factors that are considered related to the incidence of malaria, namely sleeping using insecticide-treated nets PR 1.102; 95% CI 0.965-1.258). The gender factor is the factor that most influences the incidence of malaria which gives a risk of 1.295 for the occurrence of malaria in men compared to women after controlling for the type of area and sleeping using insecticide-treated mosquito nets. It is necessary to promotion, education, monitoring and evalution of the use of insecticide-treated nets, especially in urban communities and at risk group (men).
Kata Kunci : Kawat kasa, Kelambu, Kejadian Malaria.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that lives in the bloodthrough the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is still a problem inIndonesia since 2015 the total number of 217.025 of malaria cases. In 2015,Lampung province has the most number of cases after Papua, East Nusa Tenggara,West Papua, Maluku, North Sumatera amount of positive 3,991 cases in which theDistrict Pesawaran a malaria endemic districts. The main purpose of this study wasto determine the relationship of behavior and breeding places on the incidence ofmalaria after controlling for potential confounders. This study is a case-controlstudy with a sample size of 180 respondents, with 60 cases and 120 controls aged≥ 15 years, using incident data. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, stratificationand logistic regression. After adjusting confounding variables installation of wirenetting significant relationship with the incidence of malaria (OR : 3,15 ; 95% CI :1,099-9,074; p = 0,033). Out of the house at night, insect repellent, use of mosquitonets, mosquito breeding places and distances breeding places are not relationshipwith the incidence of malaria. Age is a modification effect on the relationshipbetween the use of mosquito nets and malaria. The people should take steps toprevent the installation of wire netting perform at every home ventilation and closeany holes in the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquitonetting when sleeping at night. The people should take steps to prevent malaria bydoing the installation of wire netting at each home ventilation and close any holesin the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquito netting whensleeping at night
Kata Kunci : Wire Netting, Mosquito Net, Malaria.
Malaria disease was widespread in many countries, both tropical and sub-tropical. Tasikmalaya is a region that experienced an increase in malaria casesover the last 5 years and highest in 2013, a total of 168 positive cases of malaria.Tasikmalaya region consists of coastal and mountain areas, it has a potential placefor Anopheles mosquito breeding, ie swamp, lagoon, and rice fields. The purposeof this study was to determine the correlation of environmental risk factors withthe incidence of malaria in Tasikmalaya district. The design of the study is casecontrol study with 140 sampels. Results demonstrated an association betweenoccupation OR= 0.22 (95% CI; 0.10-0.47), the mobility of the population to theendemic areas OR=37.46 (95% CI; 14.29 -98.18) , the presence of larvaeOR=5.26 (95% CI; 1.41-19.74), andthe room temperature OR=3.25 (95% CI;1.62- 6.50). The results of the study suggest migration survey conducted activityand health promotion for preventive efforts against malaria in malaria-endemicareas, and to encourage people to behave healthy life by freeing environment ofmosquito larvae and protect themselves from mosquito bites.Key words:Environmental risk factors, malaria, correlation, Anopheles
PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
BIOSTATISTIK
Tesis, 28 Juni 2013
Sasmin Itadi Suhanto
Peran dan Dampak Perilaku Pencegahan Gigitan Nyamuk Terhadap Kejadian Malaria di Kabupaten Kaur, Provinsi Bengkulu, tahun 2012
ABSTRAK
Malaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat walaupun berbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk mencegahnya tetapi malaria masih ditemukan. Kabupaten Kaur termasuk daerah dengan endemisitas rendah dengan angka API< 1‰. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran, peran dan dampak perilaku pencegahan gigitan nyamuk serta faktor risiko lainnya terhadap kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Kaur tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional dengan pendekatan case control study. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh wilayah kerja puskesmas yang ada dalam Kabupaten Kaur yaitu sebanyak 16 puskesmas. Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 264 orang dengan rincian 132 orang kasus dan 132 orang kontrol. Kasus adalah pengunjung yang datang ke rumah sakit, puskesmas dan jaringannya dengan gejala demam dengan hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah di laboratorium atau RDT (Rapid Diagnostik Test) positif malaria. Kontrol adalah pengunjung yang datang ke rumah sakit, puskesmas dan jaringannya dalam tahun 2012 dengan gejala demam dan hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah di laboratorium atau RDT (Rapid Diagnostik Test) menunjukan negatif malaria.
Hasil : Analisis multivariate menunjukan bahwa kebiasaan sering dan kadang-kadang begadang malam di luar rumah dengan nilai OR masing-masing sebesar 6,37 (95% CI 1,65–24,60) dan 1,84 (95% CI 0,72–4,71), kebiasaan sering dan kadang-kadang menggunakan kelambu dengan nilai OR masing-masing sebesar 0,1 (95% CI 0,004-0,05) dan 0.08 (95% CI 0.01-0,68), kebiasaan sering dan kadang-kadang menggunakan obat anti nyamuk bakar dengan nilai OR masing-masing sebesar 0,01 (95% CI 0,004-0,05) dan 0,75 (95% CI 0,12-4,79) dan kebiasaan sering dan kadang menggunakan obat anti nyamuk cair dengan nilai OR masing-masing sebesar 0,02 (95% CI 0,005-0,06) dan 0,06 (95% CI 0,004-0,997) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian malaria setelah dikontrol dengan langit-langit rumah. Sedangkan penggunaan kasa ventilasi tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian malaria. Hasil perhitungan dampak: kebiasaan sering begadang malam di luar rumah dapat menurunkan kasus kejadian malaria sebesar 19,1% jika dihentikan/ditiadakan, penggunaan kelambu 15,5%, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk (bakar dan cair ) masing-masing sebesar 32,7% dan 24% pada populasi.
Kesimpulan :
Perilaku pencegahan gigitan nyamuk seperti kebiasaan begadang malam di luar rumah, penggunaan kelambu, obat anti nyamuk (bakar dan cair/semprot) mempunyai perananan penting dalam kejadian malaria.
Kata kunci : Kejadian malaria, perilaku pencegahan gigitan nyamuk, case control.
PROGRAM MAGISTER
PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PROGRAM
Biostatistics Thesis, June 28, 2013
Sasmin Itadi Suhanto
Role and Impact Behavior Mosquito Bite Prevention Against Malaria incidence in Kaur regency, Bengkulu province, in 2012
ABSTRACT
Malaria remains a public health problem despite efforts have been done to prevent it, but malaria is found. Kaur district includes areas with low endemicity with API numbers <1 ‰. The purpose of this study is to describe the role and impact of mosquito bite prevention behaviors and other risk factors on the incidence of malaria in the district Kaur in 2012. This study uses observational design of case control study. The study site is the working area of the existing health center in the district as many as 16 health centers Kaur. With a total sample of 264 people with the details of 132 cases and 132 controls. Case was the visitors who come to the hospital, health center and network with symptoms of fever with the results of blood clots in the laboratory or RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Test) positive malaria. Control was the visitors who come to the hospital, health centers and networks in the year 2012 with symptoms of fever and blood clots in the results of the laboratory examination or RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Test) showed a negative malaria.
Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the habit of frequent and sometimes stay up all night outside the house with a value amounting OR 6.37 (95% CI 1.65 to 24.60) and 1.84 (95% CI 0.72 - 4.71), and a frequent habit of sometimes using nets with OR values respectively of 0.1 (95% CI 0.004 to 0.05) and 0:08 (95% CI 0.01-0,68), and a frequent habit sometimes use anti mosquito OR at each value of 0.01 (95% CI from 0.004 to 0.05) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.12 to 4.79) and the habit of frequent and sometimes use anti mosquito liquid with each value OR of 0.02 (95% CI 0.005-0.06) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.004 to 0.997) significantly associated with the incidence of malaria after controlled ceiling. While the use of gauze vents are not significantly associated with the incidence of malaria. Results of impact assessment: the habit to stay up late at night outside the home can reduce the incidence of malaria cases by 19.1% if terminated / removed, 15.5% use of mosquito nets, mosquito drug use (fuel and liquid), respectively by 32.7% and 24% of the population.
Conclusion: Mosquito bite prevention behaviors such as staying up all night habits outside the home, the use of bed nets, anti mosquito (fuel and liquid / spray) have an important role in the incidence of malaria.
Keywords: incidence of malaria, a mosquito bite prevention behaviors, case control.