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ABSTRAK Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupatan Batu Bara merupakan wilayah endemis malaria dan masuk urutan tiga besar. Letak geografis wilayah puskesmas berada di wilayah pantai dari segi lingkungan rumah mempunyai kondisi yang berisiko sebagai jalan masuknya nyamuk anopheles antara lain kondisi dinding yang tidak rapat, tidak terapasangnya kawat kasa pada ventilasi dan tidak adanya plafon. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batu Bara tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Kasus dan kontrol adalah subjek yang berkunjung ke puskesmas yang ditentukan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis. Kasus adalah penderita berusia lima tahun keatas dengan gejala klinis malaria disertai dengan hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah menunjukan positif mengandung plasmodium. Kontrol adalah pengunjung puskesmas berusia lima tahun ke atas dengan gejala demam tetapi hasil pemeriksaan sediaan darah menunjukan negatif malaria. Variabel lingkungan rumah yang diobservasi meliputi kondisi dinding rumah, keberadaan kawat kasa ventilasi dan keberadaan plafon. Variabel kovariat terdiri dari kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu, kebiasaan keluar malam, keberadaan tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, keberadaan semak. Analisis stratifikasi menunjukan ada modifikasi efek antara variabel lingkungan rumah dengan tiga variabel kovariat; kebiasaan keluar malam, keberadaan tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, keberadaan semak, dari empat variabel kovariat tidak ditemukan adanya confounder. Nilai OR hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria 2,22 (95% CI: 1,04 – 4,76), artinya responden dengan lingkungan rumah kurang baik berisiko 2,22 kali terkena malaria dibandingkan dengan responden dengan lingkungan rumah baik. Kesimpulan ada hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batu Bara
ABSTRACT Batu Bara district is a region of malaria endemic due to its geographic in a coastal area. Also the housing condition such as gap in the wall, ventilation without wire netting, and homes without ceiling make anopheles as malaria vector to break through into the house. Reseach objectives to determines relationship between housing condition and malaria incidence in Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram, Batu Bara District in 2011. This study uses a case-control design. The case were people over 5 years with clinical symptoms of malaria and the blood examination showed positif plasmodium results. The controls were people over 5 years who visited Puskesmas with fever symptom but blood examination showed negative ones. Housing condition variables that observed include the walls condition, the presence of wire netting ventilation and ceiling. Covariate variable studied include the habit of using bed nets, night outs habit, mosquitos breeding sites and the shrubs. Stratification analysis showed effect modification between housing condition variables with three covariates variables; night outs habit, the presence of mosquito breeding sites, the presence of shrubs, of four variables covariates did not find any confounder. OR value relationship of housing condition with malaria incidence is 2,22 (95% CI: 1,04 – 4,76), means respondent with poorly housing condition has 2,22 times more chance to suffer malaria than respondent with the good ones. Conclusion there is a relationship the housing condition and the incidence of malaria in Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram, Batu Bara District in 2011.
Purbalingga Regency is one of the endemic area of DHF in Indonesia. The increase of DHF cases in Purbalingga Regency in January-June 2019 almost tripled compared to the number of cases in 2018. This study is necessary to conduct research on individual characteristics, behaviours, household environmentals, and DHF programs associated with the incidence of DHF. It used a case control study. The data were collected using questionnaires through interviews and observations. Sample of 408 respondents was taken from two subdistricts with the highest cases. Logistic Regression were employed in this study. The results of the study indicate that the factors associated with the incidence of DHF in Purbalingga Regency in 2019 were the age: 6-18 year (OR: 3,75; 95% CI: 1,91-7,36), ≤5 year (OR: 2,55; 95% CI: 0,94-6,89), 19-45 year (OR: 2,23; 95% CI: 1,27-3,94), habit of drain the water supply containers (OR: 2,13; 95% CI: 1,34-3,39), habit of hanging clothes (OR: 1,87; 95% CI: 1,06- 3,31), the availability of ornamental plants (OR: 9,22; 95% CI: 2,54-33,50), the presence of discarded trash (OR: 1,63; 95% CI: 1,03-2,58), the availability of mosquito gauze (OR: 12,35; 95% CI: 3,34-45,74), and the lighting (OR: 1,75; 95% CI: 1,07-2,87). The Health Office is expected to intensify promoting about DHF and to increase the inter-related sectors in supporting the implementation of PSN 3M Plus. The community is expected to be able to implement PSN 3M Plus independently, one of which is through the implementation of the “Gerakan 1 Rumah 1 Jumantik (G1R1J)”.
