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The local government of Kudus Regency has committed to accelerating the handling of stunting cases and is trying to realize Kudus zero stunting by issuing Regional Regulation Number 53/2020 concerning the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention in Kudus Regency. However, the implementation of convergence in Kudus has not run optimally. The results of the work meeting on the assessment of the integrated stunting prevention convergence action in Central Java in 2020, the capacity for implementing situation analysis and inputting as well as the quality of situation analysis with cross-sectoral involvement in Kudus Regency has not been optimal, the stunting discussion has not been carried out intensively, and there are no regulations to strengthen publications of stunting prevention. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a refocusing of the budget from other services and programs, including stunting prevention. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of policies to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kudus Regency. This research is qualitative research. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants and document review with the Edward III framework covering the variables of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure and Van Meter and Van Horn covering variables of the economic, social and political environment. Research informants are representatives from regional apparatus who are members of the stunting prevention acceleration team at the district, sub-district, and village/kelurahan levels as well as the Human Development Cadre (KPM). The study was conducted from April to May 2022. The results show that policy implementation has been running but sensitive nutrition interventions have not been maximized, communication is limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the available resources are adequate, and there are policy guidelines that are known and understood by policy implementers, coordination is not optimal. , the economic and social environment is not yet sufficiently supportive and the political environment is sufficiently supportive of policies. In conclusion, the implementation of the policy to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic has not run optimally, with constraints on human resource variables, coordination, as well as the economic and social environment. Thus, the implementation of convergence still needs to be improved by carrying out activities in a coordinated manner between institutions. Socialization to the community continues to be intensified so that policy objectives can be achieved. This policy need to be adjusted with the latest Presidential Regulation on accelerating stunting reduction.
Abstrak
Stunting di Kabupaten Bantaeng masih menjadi tantangan dengan prevalensi 15,8%. Keberhasilan dalam menekan angka ini menjadi dasar untuk menelaah peran strategis KPM sebagai garda terdepan dalam program konvergensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah implementasi peran KPM dalam upaya pencegahan stunting serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat efektivitasnya di Kabupaten Bantaeng. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif fenomenologi dengan total 24 informan yang terdiri dari 7 KPM, 3 kepala desa, 5 tenaga kesehatan, 3 kader posyandu, dan 6 perwakilan masyarakat sasaran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen , yang kemudian dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran KPM sangat efektif dalam memfasilitasi akses terhadap layanan KIA, sanitasi, dan jaminan kesehatan, berkat kolaborasi lintas sektor dan dukungan penuh pemerintah desa. Namun, masih kurang optimal dalam intervensi yang bersifat edukatif untuk mengubah perilaku, seperti pada aspek konseling gizi dan partisipasi PAUD. Faktor penghambat utamanya adalah norma sosial yang kuat di masyarakat dan keterbatasan sumber daya untuk program edukasi yang terstruktur. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan implementasi peran KPM efektif pada intervensi yang didukung program pemerintah yang konkret dan terukur, namun lemah dalam mengubah pengetahuan dan norma sosial. Lebih lanjut, ditemukan pula kesenjangan antara kualifikasi pendidikan formal KPM dengan kompleksitas tugas edukasi dan konseling gizi yang harus diemban secara efektif. Disarankan agar Pemerintah Daerah mengembangkan kampanye sosialisasi untuk mengubah norma sosial dan mengalokasikan dana untuk program edukasi terstruktur. Selain itu, Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa (DPMD) perlu mengevaluasi kembali standar rekrutmen KPM dan merancang pelatihan terstandar dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas KPM.
