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Kata Kunci: ABJ, DBD, Iklim, Kepadatan penduduk
Dengue merupakan penyakit infeksi virus yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2024, Kota Depok mencatat 5.040 kasus dengue (IR 266/100.000 penduduk) dengan 13 kematian (CFR 0,25%), jauh melebihi target nasional (IR ≤10/100.000). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko kejadian dengue secara spasial di Kota Depok tahun 2024 dengan menggunakan pendekatan mix-method. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional untuk pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dan pendekatan explanatory untuk kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Analisis spasial dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak QGIS dan GeoDa. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, kepadatan penduduk, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), serta angka bebas jentik (ABJ). Kasus dengue menunjukkan pola spasial mengelompok dengan autokorelasi spasial pada variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Model Spatial Error Model (SEM) memberikan hasil terbaik dengan nilai AIC terendah (657,88) dan R² sebesar 0,276. Efek spasial eror sebesar 37,4% menunjukkan pengaruh dari wilayah sekitar terhadap penyebaran kasus dengue. Kepadatan penduduk ditemukan sebagai variabel signifikan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dengue. Wilayah prioritas untuk intervensi meliputi Kelurahan Bedahan, Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Depok Jaya, Mampang, dan Cisalak. Pendekatan spasial efektif dalam mengidentifikasi wilayah risiko tinggi dengue dan variabel yang memengaruhi penyebarannya. Disarankan agar intervensi dengue lebih difokuskan pada wilayah dengan kepadatan tinggi, peningkatan edukasi PHBS, integrasi analisis spasial dalam perencanaan program, serta koordinasi lintas sektor. Strategi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pengendalian dengue yang berbasis data dan wilayah.
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and remains a significant public health threat in Indonesia. In 2024, the city of Depok reported 5,040 dengue cases (IR 266/100,000 population) and 13 deaths (CFR 0.25%), far exceeding the national target of IR ≤10/100,000. This study aims to spatially analyze the risk factors associated with dengue incidence in Depok City in 2024 using a mixed-methods approach. A cross-sectional ecological design was used for the quantitative component, supported by secondary data, while the qualitative component followed an explanatory design through in-depth interviews. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS and GeoDa. The variables analyzed included gender, age, population density, household-level Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS), and larva-free index (ABJ). Dengue cases exhibited a clustered spatial pattern with spatial autocorrelation across the studied variables. The Spatial Error Model (SEM) yielded the best performance with the lowest AIC (657.88) and R² of 0.276. A spatial error effect of 37.4% indicated that neighboring areas influence dengue transmission. Among all variables, population density was significantly associated with dengue incidence. Priority intervention areas identified were Bedahan, Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Depok Jaya, Mampang, and Cisalak sub-districts. A spatial approach is effective in identifying high-risk areas and key factors influencing dengue transmission. It is recommended that dengue prevention programs prioritize high-density areas, strengthen PHBS education, integrate spatial analysis into health program planning, and enhance cross-sector coordination. These strategies are expected to improve the effectiveness of dengue control efforts based on spatial and epidemiological data.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in West Java. Bogor Regency, Bandung City, and Bekasi City are among the regions with the highest number of TB cases in the province. Environmental factors such as population density, altitude, and healthy housing coverage, are suspected to contribute to the incidence of TB. This study aims to describe the incidence of TB, examine the correlation between environmental factors and TB cases, and analyze the spatial distribution to identify high-risk areas for targeted intervention. This ecological study used secondary data from 2022 to 2024 obtained from the Health Office, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, spatial mapping, and vulnerability assessment through SPSS and QGIS applications. The results showed an increasing trend in TB cases across all three regions. A significant correlation was found between population density and healthy housing coverage with TB incidence in Bogor and Bandung, but not in Bekasi. Altitude was not associated with TB incidence in any of the regions. The spatial distribution revealed variations in environmental factors related to TB incidence between regions. Bandung City was identified as having the highest level of TB vulnerability. Area-based TB control interventions are therefore necessary, particularly in densely populated and high-risk areas. It is recommended to strengthen active epidemiological surveillance (active case finding), develop a real-time spatial TB information system integrated with surveillance data, establish cross-sectoral collaboration, evaluate the standards for healthy housing assessment, promote local regulations related to TB control, and enhance community participation in TB prevention, especially in densely populated and high-risk areas.
Kata kunci : Demam Berdarah Dengue, faktor iklim, kepadatan penduduk, KotaBogor
The number of cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) have never decreasedin some tropical and subtropical regions and even tends to increase and causemany death in children. In Indonesia, DHF has become a public health problemduring the last 45 years. Some of the risk factors to the occurrence of infectionand the development of DHF include population density and climatic factors. Thisstudy aim to determine correlation between population density and climaticfactors in the incidence of DHF in Bogor City in 2010-2013. This study is aquantitative study with ecology design.Measurement of climatic factors includes temperature, humidity and rainfall. Thedata collected included secondary data population density, climatic factors and thenumber of DHF cases. The results of this study indicate that there is a significantcorrelation between humidity and DHF incidence in Bogor City in 2010-2013.Meanwhile, for population density, temperature and rainfall there is no significantcorrelation with the incidence of DHF.
Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever climatic factors, population density,Bogor City
Hubungan antara kualitas udara dengan masalah kesehatan pernapasan dan kardiovaskular su- dah banyak diteliti, tetapi studi mengenai kualitas udara dengan demam berdarah dengue masih terbatas. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, baik di wilayah tropis maupun subtropis. Studi ekologi dila- kukan di DKI Jakarta, salah satu wilayah yang memiliki jumlah kasus DBD tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, untuk meneliti hubungan antara Incidence Rate (IR) DBD dengan polusi udara, kece- patan angin, luas ruang terbuka hijau, serta kepadatan penduduk selama 2019–2023. Dilakukan pendekatan uji korelasi, uji Kruskal wallis, uji regresi linear berganda, dan analisis spasial. Ha- silnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin buruk kualitas udara, maka IR DBD cenderung menurun, dan sebaliknya pada uji korelasi, uji Kruskall-Wallis, dan regresi. Kecepatan angin, kepadat- an penduduk, dan luas ruang terbuka hijau memiliki hubungan negatif signifikan terhadap IR DBD di hampir seluruh wilayah di DKI Jakarta. Pada analisis spasial, IR DBD cenderung lebih tinggi di wilayah dengan polusi udara tinggi, luas ruang terbuka hijau rendah, dan kepadatan penduduk tinggi, sedangkan kecepatan angin menunjukkan variabilitas dan tidak tampak pola yang konsisten. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan bagi Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) untuk meningkatkan akurasi prediksi dini IR DBD di DKI Jakarta.
The associations between respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes with air quality have been well examined. Less conclusive are the studies assessing the relationship between air quality and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a mosquito-borne illness which remains a public health problem worldwide. We examined this relationship in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, where the burden of DHF is among the highest across South-East Asian region. We analyzed the correlation between dengue incidence rate and variations in air pollution, wind speed, vegetation greenness, and population density in DKI Jakarta from 2019 to 2023 using the ecological study method. The results indicated that poorer air quality was generally associated with lower dengue incidence rate, as shown in the correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression tests. Wind speed, population density, and green open space area showed significant negative relationships with dengue incidence rate across most areas in DKI Jakarta. In the spatial analysis, dengue incidence rate tended to be higher in areas with high air pollution, low green vegetation, and high population density, while wind speed showed variability and did not indicate a consistent pattern. Variations in the concentrations of these air pollutants may inform short-term DHF forecasts by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG)