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Kata Kunci : ABC Indeks Kritis, EOQ, ROP.
This study is an analitic descriptive research with quantitative approachusing The ABC Critical Index deals with inventory controls of the antibiotics atthe pharmacy unit of the Leprosy Hospital dr Rivai Abdullah Palembang in 2014.The results are 11 items (13,58 %) are A group, 32 items (39,51%) are B groupand 38 items (46,91 %) are C group. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) andthe Reorder Point (ROP) are doing for the A group. As the final result thehospital can save Rp. 49.221.372,- yearly if using this inventory controls.
Key Words : ABC Critical Index, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), ReorderPoint (ROP).
Kata kunci :Pengendalian persediaan, Analisis ABC indeks kritis, EOQ, ROP, Peramalan
The purpose of this research is to analyze antibiotics inventory control using ABCcritical index method at Meilia Hospital in 2014. The design of this research is adescriptive quantitative research. In this research the data is based on the consumedantibiotics in January to December 2014 and the critical index value of antibiotics.The result showed that the group A consisted of 10 items with a value of Rp2.114.748.870,- (39.91%). The group B consisted of 45 items with a value of Rp2.380.506.460,- (44.92%). The group C consisted of 110 items with a value of Rp803.183.274,- (15.17%). An inventory control analysis was done by calculatingEOQ and ROP of the group A. The three methods of forecasting were used in thisresearch, i.e Single Smoothing Exponential, 3 period Moving Average, and 3 periodWeighted Moving Average. To choose the forecasting method that will be used isdetermined by the level of accuracy and the influence of forecast result on hospitalcost.
Keywords :Inventory control, ABC critical index method, EOQ, ROP, Forecasting
ABSTRAK Nama : Denny Puri Apriyansyah Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Obat E-catalogue Untuk Mencegah Kekosongan Obat di RSUD Palembang BARI Obat merupakan bagian terpenting dalam pelayanan kesehatan, sehingga pemerintah berkewajiban menjamin ketersediaan, pemerataan dan keterjangkauan obat.Kebijakan pengadaan obat secara e-purchasing memiliki beberapa hambatan sehingga menyebakan terjadinya kekosongan obat di gudang farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor eksternal dan internal penyebab terjadinya stock out obat e-catalogue dan melakukan upaya pengendalian logistik menggunakan metode analisis ABC indeks kritis dan perhitungan Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan Re Order Point (ROP). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah riset operasional dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor eksternal yang menyebabkan terjadinya stock out antara lain ketersediaan obat belum optimal, kelemahan distribusi, proses approval yang lama dari pemasok, ketidaksesuaian harga antara sistem e-catalogue dan harga obat saat ini, lemahnya sanksi, keluhan perangkat lunak, dan koneksi jaringan, sedangkan kendala dari internal rumah sakit diantaranya kurangnya jumlah SDM, belum adanya kebijakan dan prosedur pengelolaan obat e-catalogue serta keterlambatan pembayaran kepada distributor. Upaya pengendalian persediaan obat e-catalogue melalui analisis ABC indeks kritis terdapat 11 item obat e-catalogue yang tergolong kelompok A, terdapat 71 item obat e-catalogue tergolong kelompok B, dan 270 item obat e-catalogue tergolong kelompok C. Berdasarkan metode EOQ didapatkan jumlah pemesanan optimum obat e-catalogue kelompok A berjumlah mulai dari 42 – 5090 unit. Berdasarkan metode ROP dengan mempertimbangkan safety stock diperoleh titik pemesanan kembali untuk kelompok A mulai dari 1038 – 30240 unit. Kata kunci : e-purchasing, e-catalogue , stock out, analisis ABC, EOQ, ROP
ABSTRACT Nama : Denny Puri Apriyansyah Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Inventory Control Analysis of E-catalogue Drug to Prevent Stock Out at Palembang BARI Hospital in 2016 Drugs are the most important part of health care, so the government is obliged to ensure the availability, equity and affordability of medicines. The e-purchasing drug procurement policy has several obstacles, causing drug vacancy in the pharmaceutical warehouse. This study aims to determine the external factors and internal causes of drug stock outs e-catalog and perform logistic control efforts using the analysis method of critical index ABC and the calculation of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Re Order Point (ROP). The research method used is operational research with in-depth interview, oservation and document review. The results of the study show that external factors that cause the stock out, among others, the availability of the drug has not been optimal, the weakness of distribution, the old approval process from the supplier, the price discrepancy between the e-catalog system and the current drug price, the severity of the sanctions, the software complaints and the network connection , While the internal hospital constraints include the lack of human resources, the absence of e-catalog drug management policies and procedures as well as late payment to distributors. Efforts to control the supply of e-catalog drugs through the analysis of critical index ABC there are 11 items of drug e-categorized belonging to group A, there are 71 items of drug e-catalog belong to group B, and 270 items of drug e-catalog belong to group C. Based on EOQ method obtained The optimum order quantity of group A e-catalog drugs ranged from 42 - 5090 units. Based on ROP method by considering safety stock obtained point of reorder for group A starting from 1038 - 30240 unit. Key words : e-purchasing, e-catalogue , stock out, ABC analysis, EOQ, ROP
Di RSUD Dokter Soedarso, berdasarkan hasil wawancara, ditemukan kejadian penundaan pelayanan resep sebanyak 70-80% setiap bulannya. Penundaan pelayanan resep disebabkan habisnya persediaan obat di gudang penyimpanan. Dalam persiapan menjadi BLUD, pihak manajemen harus memperbaiki sistem pengadaan obat. Penelitian ini adalah analisis evaluasi ekonomi kuantitatif untuk menyusun model pengadaan obat antibiotik kelompok A nilai investasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan total biaya persediaan obat kelompok A. Kemudian dilakukan penghitungan EOQ serta ROP dilanjutkan dengan dilakukan simulasi pengadaan dengan metode EOQ dan perhitungan biayanya. Dari biaya yang diperoleh dilakukan perbandingan untuk melihat efektifitas pengadaan terhadap konsekuensi ITOR, service level, cakupan obat terlayani, jumlah waktu pekerjaan dan jumlah dokumen yang dihasilkan. Pengadaan persediaan farmasi di RSUD Dokter Soedarso Pontianak belum dilakukan dengan optimal untuk mencapai hasil yang efektif dilihat dari sudut pandang biaya. Dengan adanya keterbatasan anggaran, sebaiknya dilakukan prioritas dalam pengadaan obat-obatan dengan menggunakan analisis ABC nilai investasi. Metode ini akan membantu pihak manajemen untuk lebih memfokuskan diri terhadap obat-obatan yang mempunyai nilai investasi tinggi. Pengadaan obat antibiotik kelompok A nilai investasi mempunyai efektifitas biaya yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan cara RSUD Dokter Soedarso saat ini jika dilihat dari sudut pandang service level, cakupan obat terlayani, jumlah waktu pekerjaan dan jumlah dokumen yang dihasilkan (CER EOQ < CER RS). Sedangkan dilihat dari sudut pandang ITOR, sangat tergantung dengan jumlah pemesanan. Jumlah pemesanan lebih dari 350 vial metode EOQ lebih efektif sedangkan jumlah pemesanan kurang dari 350 vial, cara RSUD Dokter Soedarso lebih efektif.
At the RSUD Dokter Soedarso, based on interviews, it was found 70-80% delay per month in pharmacy services (drog provison for patients). The reason for the delays was stockout of prescription drugs in the pharmacy storage. In preparation to be BLUD, the management should improve the drug procurement system. This was a quantitative analysis of economic evaluation study to compare a procurement methode for class A ABC investing score analysis antibiotics. The calculation of EOQ and ROP was performed, followed by procurement simulations with EOQ method and cost calculations. Total cost were compared with each consequences, namely, ITOR, service level, drug coverage, worktime needed and documents generated. The procurement method at RSUD Dokter Soedarso has yet to be implemented in an optimal way to reach the desired effectiveness from cost point of view. With budget limitations, it is advised to prioritize the drugs procurement using ABC insvesting score analysis. This method will help the management to focus more on the drugs that have a high investment value. Procurement of class A ABC investing score analysis antibiotics drugs using EOQ method is more cost effective compared with RSUD Dokter Soedarso?s ways viewed from service level, drug coverage, amount of time and amount of documents (CER EOQ < CER Hospital). Whereas from ITOR consequences, the cost effectivenes depends on the amount of purchasing. EOQ method is likely more cost effective f the amounts of purchasing exceed 350 vials.
Instalasi Farmasi berperan penting dalam menentukan pelayanan di rumah sakit. Untuk menunjang pelayanan di RSIA Hermina Bekasi menggunakan Daftar Obat Standar (DOS) yang berisi 297 jenis obat dengan jumlah investasi sebesar Rp. 11.619.812.975. Besarnya investasi yang dikeluarkan untuk obat dan jumlah obat yang cukup banyak sehingga memerlukan suatu pengendalian obat yang akurat agar kebutuhan pasien dapat terpenuhi. Metode min-max yang digunakan oleh RSIA Hermina Bekasi belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan akan obat sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Pengendalian obat akan lebih mudah dilakukan apabila dibuat pengelompokan obat menurut tingkat pemakaian, tingkat investasi dan tingkat kekritisannya, kemudian menentukan jumlah pemesanan yang ekonomis (EOQ) dan frekuensi pemesanannya serta melakukan peramalan untuk menentukan kebutuhan obat dimasa yang akan datang dan menghitung sub total inventory cost (TIC) untuk mengetahui besarnya pengeluaran bila metode pengendalian menggunakan metode EOQ.
Dengan analisis ABC obat dikelompokkan berdasarkan pemakaian dan besarnya investasi yang kemudian dilakukan analisis ABC indeks kritis. Dari hasil pengelompokan didapat kelompok A 59 item (19,87 %) dengan nilai investasi sebesar RP. 8.209.446.631 (70,65 %), kelompok B 76 item (25,59 %) dengan nilai investasi Rp. 2.358.977.896 (20,30 %) dan kelompok C 162 item (54,55 %) dengan nilai investasi sebesar Rp. 1.051.388.448 (9,05 %). Kemudian dilakukan peramalan terhadap obat kelompok A Analisis ABC Indeks Kritis dengan menggunakan metode Brown's Linear. Kemudian dibandingkan dengan perencanaan yang dilakukan oleh rumah sakit dengan membandingkan nilai MAD kemudian dilakukan perhitungan jumlah pemesanan optimal (EOQ) dan perhitungan frekuensi pemesanan optimal (ROP) untuk tahun 2010. Dari hasil perhitungan dan perbandingan Sub Total Inventory Cost (TIC) EOQ dan Rumah Sakit diperoleh TIC Rumah Sakit lebih besar dari TIC EOQ.
Installation pharmacy played an important role in determining either advisability the service of a hospital. To support services on RSIA Hermina Bekasi using a list of medicine standard (DOS) containing 297 drugs by the number of investment amounting to Rp. 11.619.812.975, investment by the magnitude of its issued for medicinal and the quantity of medicine enough so as to require a drug control accurate to the needs of patients could be met. A method of min max used by RSIA Hermina Bekasi not yet able to meet the need for medicine according to needs. Control of drug will more easily performed when made a grouping of medicine according to the level of discharging, that level of investment and level extent of critical, then determining the amount of reserving which was economical (EOQ) and frequency order and do forecasting to determine the needs of a drug dimasa that will come and do the count sub total inventory cost (ROP) to know the magnitude of spending if a method of control of using methods eoq.
With the ABC analysis of drug consumption and grouped by size of investments which are then carried out a critical analysis of the ABC index. Grouping of results obtained from A group of 59 items (19,87%) with an investment value of RP. 8.209.446.631 (70,65%), Group B 76 items (25,59%) with the value of an investment of Rp. 2.358.977.896 (20.30%) and Group C 162 item (54,55%) with an investment value of Rp. 1.051.388.448 (9.056%). Then conducted against drug Group A forecasting analysis of the ABC index Critical by using Brown?s Linear Methode. Then compared with the planning that is performed by the hospital by comparing the value of the MAD then conducted the calculation of the optimum amount of reservation (EOQ) calculation of them optimal ordering and frequency (ROP) for the year 2010. From the results of a calculation and comparison of The Total Inventory Cost (TIC) EOQ and Hospital acquired TIC Hospitals greater than TIC EOQ.
