Abstrak: ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk gambaran kontaminasi Staphylococcus aureus pada makanan dan memeperoleh gambaran informasi mendalam tentang perbedaan praktik higiene dan sanitasi cara pengolahan makanan yang dilakukan oleh penjamah makanan yang sampel makanannya negatif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan positif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus di tempat pengelolaan makanan Wilayah Kerja Sebuah Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan di Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei tahun 2018. Penelitian ini mengunakan rancangan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif pada penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional, dengan mengambil 72 sampel makanan yang diperiksa ke laboratorium, melakukan observasi dan wawancara langsung terhadap penjamah makanan di tempat pengelolaan makanan. Metode kualitiatif menggunakan metode pengambilan data wawancara mendalam. Hasil pemeriksaan pemeriksaan menunjkkan bahwa terdapat 1 (1,40%) dari 72 sampel makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Sebanyak 40 orang (55,60%), 16 orang (22,20%), 24 orang (33,30%) meimiliki pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku yang baik tentang personal hygiene penjamah. Perbedaan praktik higiene dan sanitasi cara pengolahan makanan yang mencolok antara penjamah makanan yang sampel makanannya negatif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan positif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah pada tahap penanganan makanan sisa, dimana penjamah maknan yang sampel makanannya positif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus tidak memiliki fasilitas lemari pendingin, sehingga penjamah tersebut hana menyimpan makanan sisa di suhu ruangan pada saat sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya pemanasan ulang makanan. Kata kunci: bakteri; higiene; kontaminasi makanan; sanitasi; Staphylococcus aureus This study was aimed to evaluate food contamination with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to get more information about the differences of hygiene and sanitation of food handling practices between food handlers that had positive food sample contamination and food handlers that had negative food sample contamination with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at kitchen premises of working area of the port health medical service x. This research was conducted in April-May 2018.This research used quantitative and qualitative design method. Quantitative method used cross sectional design study, 72 food samples were tested for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria indicators in the laboratory, and the researcher also conducted interview and observation on food handlers. Qualitative method used in-depth interview for collecting data. Loboratory test results showed that 1 (1,40%) from 72 food samples contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. There were 40 (55,60%), 16 (22,20%), 24 (33,30%) food handlers had good scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the personal hygiene. The most obvious difference of hygiene and sanitation of food handling practices between food handlers that had positive food sample contamination and food handlers that had negative food sample contamination with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was at the stage of leftover food handling, where food handler that had positive food sample contamination with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria did not have a refigerator to store the leftover food, so the food handler just kept the leftover food at room temperature, at the time before anf after food reheating. Kata kunci: bacteria; food contamination; hygiene; sanitation; Staphylococcus aureus

Abstrak: Infection control for hospital pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) often takes the form of a package of interventions, including the use of patient isolation and decolonization treatment. Such interventions, though widely used, have generated controversy because of their significant resource implications and the lack of robust evidence with regard to their effectiveness at reducing transmission. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of isolation and decolonization measures in reducing MRSA transmission in hospital general wards. Prospectively collected MRSA surveillance data from 10 general wards at Guy's and St. Thomas' hospitals, London, United Kingdom, in 2006-2007 were used, comprising 14,035 patient episodes. Data were analyzed with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to model transmission dynamics. The combined effect of isolation and decolonization was estimated to reduce transmission by 64% (95% confidence interval: 37, 79). Undetected MRSA-positive patients were estimated to be the source of 75% (95% confidence interval: 67, 86) of total transmission events. Isolation measures combined with decolonization treatment were strongly associated with a reduction in MRSA transmission in hospital general wards. These findings provide support for active methods of MRSA control, but further research is needed to determine the relative importance of isolation and decolonization in preventing transmission.

Abstrak: Rumah sakit merupakan tempat berkumpulnya orang sehat maupun orang sakit fungsinya sebagai tempat penyembuhan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan, serta dapat menjadi sumber infeksi oleh mikroba patogen terutama Staphylococcus aureus yang pertumbuhannya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kualitas fisik udara, kebersihan ruangan, kepadatan hunian, jumlah pengunjung, ventilasi frekuensi pemebersihan lantai. Rumusan masalah bagaimana gambaran kualitas udara rumah sakit dan keberadaan angka bakteri Staphyloccocus aureus di ruang rawat inap RSUD dr.Slamet Garut ndash; 2017. Penelitian ini bersifat deskiptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kualitas udara rumah sakit keberadaan angka bakteri Staphylococcus aureus di ruang rawat inap RSUD dr.Slamet Garut. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian adalah total populasi ruang rawat inap sebanyak 17 Ruang Rawat Inap.Hasil penelitian di ruang rawat inap ini 100 temperatur tidak memenuhi syarat, 64.7 kelembaban tidak memenuhi syarat, 41,2 Pencahayaan tidak memenuhi syarat, 47 Kepadatan hunian tidak memenuhi syarat, jumlah pengunjung 11.8 tidak memenuhi syarat, ventilasi 100 tidak memenuhi syarat, Frekuensi pembersihan lantai 100 memenuhi syarat, kebersihan ruangan 11.8 tidak memenuhi syarat dan keberadaan angka bakteri staphylococcus aureus 53 tidak memenuhi syarat. Temperatur dan kelembaban yang tinggi di ruang rawat inap tersebut diperlukan pendingin ruangan agar temperatur dapat dipertahankan sesuai kebutuhan. Sedangkan untuk masalah pencahayaan yang tidak masuk ke ruangan dan tingginya angka bakteri Staphylococcus aureus diperlukan perbaikan ventilasi agar cahaya dapat masuk menerangi ruangan dan untuk pencahayaan yang tinggi melapisi ventilasi dengan gorden dan melakukan desinfeksi baik secara fisik maupun kimia selain itu untuk jumlah pengunjung, kepadatan hunian serta kebersihan ruangan lebih ditertibkan.

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The hospital is a gathering place for healthy people as well as ill people as a place of healing illness and health restoration, and can be a source of infection by pathogenic microbes especially Staphylococcus aureus whose growth is influenced by several factors such as physical quality of air, room cleanliness, occupancy density, Ventilation frequency of floor cleaning. The formulation of the problem how is the air quality hospitals and the existence of Staphyloccocus aureus bacterial numbers in the inpatient unit dr.Slamet Garut Hospital deskiptif 2017. This study is aimed to find a picture of the air quality hospitals and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria numbers in the inpatient hospital Dr.Slamet Garut. The samples in the study was the total population were 17 inpatient ward patient wards.The results of the research in the inpatient unit is 100 temperature not eligible, 64.7 moisture does not qualify, 41.2 Lighting ineligible, 47 occupancy density is not eligible, the number of visitors 11.8 do not qualify, the vents 100 no qualify, frequency of cleaning the floor 100 qualified, room cleanliness 11.8 do not qualify and the presence of staphylococcus aureus bacteria figure 53 are not eligible. Temperature and high humidity in the inpatient unit of the required cooling the room so the temperature can be maintained as required. As for the lighting issues that do not get into the room and the high number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria needed repair ventilation so that light can enter the light the room and for a high luminance lining vents with curtains and perform disinfection, both physically and chemically in addition to the number of visitors, occupancy density and Cleanliness of the room is more disciplined.