Abstrak: The serial interval (SI) of human influenza virus infections is often described by a single distribution. Understanding sources of variation in the SI could provide valuable information for understanding influenza transmission dynamics. Using data from a randomized household study of nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent influenza transmission in Bangkok, Thailand, over 34 months between 2008 and 2011, we estimated the influence of influenza virus type/subtype and other characteristics of 251 pediatric index cases and their 315 infected household contacts on estimates of household SI. The mean SI for all households was 3.3 days. Relative to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (3.1 days), the SI for influenza B (3.7 days) was 22% longer (95% confidence interval: 4, 43), or about half a day. The SIs for influenza viruses A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) were similar to that for A(H1N1)pdm09. SIs were shortest for older index cases (age 11-14 years) and for younger infected household contacts (age ≤15 years). Greater time spent in proximity to the index child was associated with shorter SIs. Differences in the SI might reflect differences in incubation period, viral shedding, contact, or susceptibility. These findings could improve parameterization of mathematical models to better predict the impact of epidemic or pandemic influenza mitigation strategies.

Abstrak: Setiap negara berupaya untuk terus meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan penduduknya. Hal tersebut memerlukan suatu kelembagaan untuk menuju Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Setiap proses pelayanan kesehatan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan suatu sistem pembiayaan Kesehatan. Pelaksanaan fungsi pembiayaan kesehatan yang baik dan efisien akan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan sehingga akan membantu Indonesia untuk mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi pada sistem pembiayaan kesehatan jaminan kesehatan nasional. Thailand merupakan salah satu negara yang sudah lama mencapai UHC serta men-erapkan sistem pembiayaan kesehatan pada jaminan kesehatan nasional berdasarkan tiga fungsi pembiayaan kesehatan, yaitu fungsi penampungan dana, fungsi pengumpulan dana dan fungsi pembelian. Analisis perbandingan sistem pembiayaan kesehatan jaminan kesehatan nasional Indonesia dan Thailand dilakukan dengan mengkaji aspek peran, persamaan dan perbedaan serta lesson learn pada tiga fungsi pembiayaan kesehatan kedua negara tersebut agar dapat menjadi bahan dalam peningkatan mutu dan evaluasi setiap kebijakan sistem pem-biayaan kesehatan yang telah dijalankan di Indonesia dalam penyelenggaraan pembangunan kesehatan.

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Each country strives to continuously improve the health quality of its population. This re-quires an institution to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Every process of health care cannot be separated from a health financing system. The implementation of a good and efficient health financing function will be able to improve the quality of health services so that it will help Indonesia to overcome the challenges faced in the national health insurance health financing system. Thailand is one of the countries that has long achieved UHC and has implemented a health financing system for the national health insurance based on three health financing functions are collecting funds, collecting funds and purchasing. Comparative analysis of the health financing systems of NHI in Indonesia and Thailand was carried out by examining aspects of the roles, similarities and differences as well as lessons learned in the three health financing functions of the two countries so that they can be used as material for quality improvement and evaluation of every health financing system policy that has been implemented in Indonesia in the implemention of health development.

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