Abstrak: There are limited studies addressing whether proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are independently associated with cardiovascular disease in Asia. Using data from 7 prospective cohorts recruited between 1980 and 1994 in Japan, we assessed the influence of proteinuria (≥1+ on dipstick) and reduced eGFR on the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in 39,405 participants (40-89 years) without kidney failure. During a 10.1-year follow-up, 1,927 subjects died from cardiovascular disease. Proteinuria was associated with a 1.75-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44, 2.11) increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Additionally, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of cardiovascular disease mortality increased linearly with lower eGFR levels (P(trend) < 0.001): Subjects with eGFR of < 45 mL/minute/1.73 m² had a 2.22-fold (95% CI: 1.60, 3.07) greater risk of cardiovascular disease mortality than those with eGFR of ≥90 mL/minute/1.73 m^². Subjects with both proteinuria and eGFR of < 45 mL/minute/1.73 m² had a 4.05-fold (95% CI: 2.55, 6.43) higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality compared with those with neither of these risk factors. There was no evidence of interaction in the relationship between proteinuria and lower eGFR (P(interaction) = 0.77). The present results suggest that proteinuria and lower eGFR are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality in the Japanese population.

Abstrak: Penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan penyebab kematian utama penduduk dunia (30%). Untuk menghadapi masalah ini perlu diketahui distribusi penyakit kardiovaskuler terhadap faktor-faktor risikonya secara lebih spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penyakit kardiovaskuler pada pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah (RSJPD) Harapan Kita Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik RSJPD Harapan Kita menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 339 orang dianalisis secara univariat.Hasil menunjukkan Ischemic Heart Diseases merupakan penyakit dengan proporsi terbesar yaitu 43,36%. Berdasarkan letak lesi, penyakit jantung memiliki proporsi terbesar yaitu 87,02%. Penyakit kardiovaskuler cenderung mengenai kelompok usia 51-60 tahun dengan proporsi 29,79%. Penyakit kardiovaskuler cenderung menyerang laki-laki dan orang dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah. Diketahui bahwa proporsi pasien hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus cenderung lebih besar di antara pasien penyakit pembuluh darah otak daripada pada pasien penyakit jantung ataupun pasien penyakit pembuluh darah perifer.

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Cardiovascular disease is the most common death cause (30%) . To face the problem it’s necessary to know the distribution of cardiovascular disease specifically to its risk factors. This research aims to describe the cardiovascular disease among the hospitalized patients in Harapan Kita Cardiovascular Hospital in 2012. This research uses the secondary data from Harapan Kita Cardiovascular Disease medical record and also uses cross sectional design with 339 sample and analyzed in univariate.The results show that among the cardiovascular diseases in inpatient unit in Harapan Kita Cardiovascular Hospital, Ischemic Heart Diseases is the diseases with the biggest proportion which is 43,36%. According to lesion location, heart disease has the biggest proportion which is 87,02%. Cardiovascular diseases tend to affect the 51-60 years old group of age by 29,79% among other age groups. Cardiovascular diseases tend to affect men and those who have middle educational level. The results also show that proportion of patients with hypertension and Diabetes Melitus tends to be bigger among cererovascular diseases patients than heart diseases patients or peripheral vascular diseases patients.

Abstrak: Reduction of dietary sodium intake has been identified as a priority to reduce the worldwide burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Dietary sodium intake is most precisely ascertained by using timed urine collection. Casual urine sodium measurements are relatively easy to perform, but their relationship to timed urine sodium measurements is unclear. In this issue of the Journal, Brown et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(11):1180-1192) report the development and validation of equations to estimate 24-hour urine sodium excretion from casual urine samples. Their study included a large number of participants on 2 continents, a well-collected gold standard, separate discovery and validation samples, and relevant covariates. The resulting equations represent the best available methods to estimate dietary sodium intake from casual urine samples. However, the study is limited by evidence of a suboptimal model fit, restriction to people 20-59 years of age in North America and Europe, and exclusion and adjustment that further limit external validity. In addition, individual-level correlations of estimated and measured 24-hour urine sodium excretion were modest. Properly applied, the results will facilitate tracking of dietary sodium intake within populations over time and identification of communities for which dietary sodium restriction is most likely to be beneficial. Further work is needed to extend estimation to additional populations and improve individual-level assessment.

Abstrak: Data MCU nampak adanya faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler pada karyawan PT X yang perlu mendapat perhatian sehingga dapat dicegah timbulnya penyakit kardiovaskuler. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh intervensi promosi kesehatan terhadap faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler pada pekerja tambang emas PT X di Pandeglang tahun 2017. Desain penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimental dengan pre and post test controlled group design dengan 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok workshop dan flyer dan kelompok flyer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi program promosi kesehatan pada tekanan darah, IMT, glukosa darah dan skor aktifitas fisik, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi program promosi kesehatan pada skor merokok. Perusahaan disarankan mengembangkan program promosi kesehatan secara komprehensif sesuai dengan Ottawa Charter.

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MCU data show the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in PT X employees who need attention so that prevented the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health promotion intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors in gold mine worker PT X in Pandeglang 2017.The research design was quasi experimental with pre and post test controlled group design with 2 groups ie workshop and flyer group and flyer group.The results showed significant differences before and after intervention of health promotion programs on blood pressure, BMI, blood glucose, physical actifity, but there were no significant differences before and after intervention of health promotion program on score smoking. The company is advised to develop a comprehensive health promotion program in accordance with Ottawa Charter.

Abstrak: Laju urbanisasi, modernisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk di negara berkembangmenjadi penyebab munculnya penyakit tidak menular (PTM). Indonesia denganpopulasi 247 juta jiwa memiliki prosentase kematian akibat PTM sebesar 71%(1.106.000 jiwa) dan 23% meninggal usia muda. Sindrom metabolik (SM) adalahkumpulan faktor risiko meliputi obesitas, resistensi insulin, dislipidemia, danhipertensi yang akan bermuara pada peningkatkan risiko terjadinya diabetesmellitus (DM) dan penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolikpada pegawai instansi pemerintah yang bekerja di lingkungan pelabuhan TanjungPriok dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menemukanbahwa prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada pegawai instansi pemerintah dilingkungan pelabuhan Tanjung Priok adalah sebesar 38,7 %. Variabel independenyang signifikan dengan kejadian sindrom metaboli yaitu umur (nilai p=0,0005),lama kerja (nilai p=0,0005), asupan karbohidrat (nilai p=0,032), dan aktifitas fisik(nilai p=0,003). Variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi sindrom metabolikadalah aktifitas fisik (OR=2,066; CI 95%=1,118-3,819). Individu dengan sindrommetabolik memiliki risiko 5 (lima) kali lebih besar untuk menderita diabetesmellitus tipe 2 dan berisiko 3 (tiga) kali lebih tinggi untuk menderita penyakitkardiovaskular. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pencegahan seperti skrining,penyediaan pos PTM, peningkatan aktifitas fisik, dan konsumsi makanan sehat danbergizi.Kata kunci: Diabetes, kardiovaskular, penyakit tidak menular, sindrom metabolik

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Urbanization rate, modernization and population growth in developing countriesbecomes the causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Indonesia with apopulation of 247 million people has a percentage of deaths from NCDs by 71%(1.106 million people) and 23% died young. Metabolic syndrome (SM) is acollection of risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, andhypertension will lead to increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) andcardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to determine whatfactors are associated with the metabolik syndrome on government employees whowork in the port of Tanjung Priok using cross sectional design study. This studyfound that the prevalence of metabolik syndrome in employees of governmentagencies in the port of Tanjung Priok is 38.7%. The independent variables weresignificant with metabolik syndrome were age (p = 0.0005), duration of working (p= 0.0005), carbohydrate intake (p = 0.032) and physical activity (p = 0.003). Themost dominant variable affecting the metabolik syndrome is a physical activity (OR= 2.066; 95% CI = 1.118 to 3.819). Individuals with metabolik syndrome have arisk five (5) times more likely to suffer from diabetes mellitus type 2 and risk of 3(three) times more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it isnecessary to conduct prevention strategies such as screening, provision of NCDspost, increasing physical activity, and consumption of healthy and nutritious food.Keywords: Diabetes, cardiovascular, non communicable diseases, metaboliksyndrome